Chicken Stages - Witschi
From Embryology
Introduction
Shown below is an alternative to Hamburger Hamilton Stages of chicken development.
3,4 | Early cleavage | 3.5-4.5 hr2 | Shell membrane of egg formed in isthmus of oviduct |
5,6 | During cleavage | Germ wall formed from marginal periblast | |
7 | Late cleavage | 4.5-24.0 hr2 | Shell of egg formed in uterus |
8,9 | 1 | Preprimitive streak (embryonic shield) | |
10 | 2 | 6-7 hr | Initial primitive streak, 0.3-0.5 mm long |
11 | 3 | 12-13 hr | Intermediate primitive streak |
12 | 4 | 18-19 hr | Definitive primitive streak, ±1.88 mm long |
13a | 5 | 19-22 hr | Head process (notochord) |
13b | 6 | 23-25 hr | Head fold |
14a | 7 | 23-26 hr | 1 somite; neural folds |
14b | 7 to 8- | ca. 23-26 hr | 1-3 somites; coelom |
14c | 8 | 26-29 hr | 4 somites; blood islands |
15a | 9 | 29-33 hr | 7 somites; primary optic vesicles |
15b | 9+ to 10- | ca. 33 hr | 8-9 somites; anterior amniotic fold |
15c | 10 | 33-38 hr | 10 somites; 3 primary brain vesicles |
16a | 11 | 40-45 hr | 13 somites; 5 neuromeres of hindbrain |
16b | 12 | 45-49 hr | 16 somites; telencephalon |
16c | 13 | 48-52 hr | 19 somites; atrioventricular canal |
17a | 13+ to 14- | ca. 50-52 hr | 20-21 somites; tail bud |
17b | 14 | 50-53 hr | 22 somites; trunk flexure; visceral arches I and II, clefts 1 and 2 |
17c | 14+ to 15- | ca. 50-54 hr | 23 somites; premandibular head cavities |
17d | 15 | 50-55 hr | 24-27 somites; visceral arch III, cleft 3 |
18 | 16 | 51-56 hr | 26-28 somites; wing bud; posterior amniotic fold |
19 | 17 | 52-64 hr | 29-32 somites; leg bud; epiphysis |
20 | 18 | 3 da | 30-36 somites extending beyond level of leg bud; allantois |
21 | 19 | 3.0-3.5 da | 37- 40 somites extending into tail; maxillary process |
22 | 20 | 3.0-3.5 da | 40-43 somites; rotation completed; eye pigment |
23 | 21 | 3.5 da | 43-44 somites; visceral arch IV, cleft 4 |
24 | 22 | 3.5-4.0 da | Somites extend to tip of tail |
25 | 23 | 4 da | Dorsal contour from hindbrain to tail is a curved line |
26 | 24 | 4.5 da | Toe plate |
27 | 25 | 4.5-5.0 da | Elbow and knee joints |
28 | 26 | 5 da | 1st 3 toes |
29 | 27 | 5.0-5.5 da | Beak |
30 | 28 | 5.5-6.0 da | 3 digits, 4 toes |
31 | 29 | 6.0-6.5 da | Rudiment of 5th toe |
32 | 30 | 6.5-7.0 da | Feather germs; scleral papillae; egg tooth |
33a | 31 | 7.0-7.5 da | Web between 1st and 2nd digits |
33b | 32 | 7.5 da | Anterior tip of mandible has reached beak |
34a | 33 | 7.5-8.0 da | Web on radial margin of wing and 1st digit |
34b | 34 | 8 da | Nictitating membrane |
34c | 35 | 8.5-9.0 da | Phalanges in toes |
34d | 36 | 10 da | Length of 3rd toe from tip to middle of metatarsal joint = 5.4±0.3mm; length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of bill = 2.5mm; primordium of comb; labial groove; uropygial gland |
34e | 37 | 11 da | Length of 3rd toe = 7.4±0.3mm; length of beak = 3.0 mm |
34f | 38 | 12 da | Length of 3rd toe = 8.4±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.1 mm |
35a | 39 | 13 da | Length of 3rd toe = 9.8±0.3 mm; length of beak = 3.5 mm |
35b | 40 | 14 da | Length of beak = 4.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 12.7±0.5 mm |
35c | 41 | 15 da | Length of beak from anterior angle of nostril to tip of upper bill = 4.5 mm; length of 3rd toe = 14.9±0.8 mm |
35d | 42 | 16 da | Length of beak = 4.8 mm; length of 3rd toe = 16.7±0.8 mm |
35e | 43 | 17 da | Length of beak = 5.0 mm; length of 3rd toe = 18.6±0.8 mm |
35f | 44 | 18 da | Length of beak = 5.7 mm; length of 3rd toe = 20.4±0.8 mm |
36a | 45 | 19-20 da | Yolk sac half enclosed in body cavity; chorio-allantoic membrane contains less blood and is "sticky" in living embryo |
36b | 46 | 20-21 da | Newly-hatched chick |
Modified from: GROWTH Altman, P.L. and Dittmer, D.S. (ed) Biological Handbooks, FASEB (1962)
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, June 14) Embryology Chicken Stages - Witschi. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Chicken_Stages_-_Witschi
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G