Template:BGDA - Neural Development Interactive: Difference between revisions
From Embryology
mNo edit summary |
|||
(12 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
|type="()"} | |type="()"} | ||
- is a pathological form of cell death | - is a pathological form of cell death | ||
|| Incorrect! This is a characteristic of {{necrosis}} | || Incorrect! This is a characteristic of {{necrosis}} not {{apoptosis}} (programmed cell death) | ||
- results from acute cellular injury | - results from acute cellular injury | ||
|| Incorrect! This is a characteristic of {{necrosis}} | || Incorrect! This is a characteristic of {{necrosis}} not {{apoptosis}} (programmed cell death) | ||
- is characterised by cell swelling and lysis | - is characterised by cell swelling and lysis | ||
|| Incorrect! This is a characteristic of {{necrosis}} | || Incorrect! This is a characteristic of {{necrosis}} not {{apoptosis}} (programmed cell death) | ||
+ is involved in programmed cell death for normal tissue turnover | |||
|| Correct! The nervous system and other systems undergo developmental {{apoptosis}} (programmed cell death) | || Correct! The nervous system and other systems undergo developmental {{apoptosis}} (programmed cell death) | ||
- all of the above are correct | - all of the above are correct | ||
|| Incorrect! Some of | || Incorrect! Some of the answers relate to {{necrosis}} not {{apoptosis}} | ||
{Which of the following endocrine components originates from neural ectoderm? | {Which of the following endocrine components originates from neural ectoderm? | ||
Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
|| Incorrect! Endoderm origin. | || Incorrect! Endoderm origin. | ||
{During early development, the neural tube is bent at three locations, and the pontine flexure is located in the: | |||
|type="()"} | |||
- telencephalon | |||
|| Incorrect! The pontine flexure is located in the [[Neural_System_Development#Brain_Flexures|metencephalon]]. | |||
- diencephalon | |||
|| Incorrect! The pontine flexure is located in the [[Neural_System_Development#Brain_Flexures|metencephalon]]. | |||
- mesencephalon | |||
|| Incorrect! The pontine flexure is located in the [[Neural_System_Development#Brain_Flexures|metencephalon]]. | |||
+ metencephalon | |||
|| Correct! The pontine flexure is located in the [[Neural_System_Development#Brain_Flexures|metencephalon]]. | |||
- myelencephalon | |||
|| Incorrect! The pontine flexure is located in the [[Neural_System_Development#Brain_Flexures|metencephalon]]. | |||
{Segmentation of the brain into functionally distinct domains is known as: | |||
|type="()"} | |||
- primary neurulation | |||
|| Incorrect! | |||
- secondary neurulation | |||
|| Incorrect! | |||
- primary brain vesicles | |||
|| Incorrect! | |||
- secondary brain vesicles | |||
|| Incorrect! | |||
+ neuromeres | |||
|| Correct! | |||
{The central nervous system (CNS) cells that share lineage with monocytes are the: | |||
|type="()"} | |||
- cerebral granular cells | |||
|| Incorrect! Microglia cells share a lineage with monocytes. | |||
+ microglia cells | |||
|| Correct! Microglia cells share a lineage with monocytes. | |||
- oligodendroglia cells | |||
|| Incorrect! Microglia cells share a lineage with monocytes. | |||
- astrocytes | |||
|| Incorrect! Microglia cells share a lineage with monocytes. | |||
- Schwann cells | |||
|| Incorrect! Microglia cells share a lineage with monocytes. | |||
{Closure of the neural pores: | |||
|type="()"} | |||
- begins at the 4th somite and then progresses rostrally and caudally | |||
|| Correct! But not the correct answer, which is all of the options. | |||
- is essential for further differentiation of the neural tube | |||
|| Correct! But not the correct answer, which is all of the options. | |||
- causes formation of brain vesicles | |||
|| Correct! But not the correct answer, which is all of the options. | |||
- is influenced by the notochord | |||
|| Correct! But not the correct answer, which is all of the options. | |||
+ all of the above | |||
|| Correct! | |||
{The myelin sheath of a peripheral nerve fiber is formed by the cells that originate from: | |||
|type="()"} | |||
- mesenchymal cells | |||
|| Incorrect! {{Schwann cell}}s are derived from {{neural crest}}. | |||
- neuroblasts | |||
|| Incorrect! {{Schwann cell}}s are derived from {{neural crest}}. | |||
+ the neural crest | |||
|| Correct! {{Schwann cell}}s are derived from {{neural crest}}. | |||
- glioblasts | |||
|| Incorrect! {{Schwann cell}}s are derived from {{neural crest}}. | |||
- primitive blood cells | |||
|| Incorrect! {{Schwann cell}}s are derived from {{neural crest}}. | |||
{Hydrocephaly results from: | |||
|type="()"} | |||
+ aqueduct stenosis | |||
|| Correct! {{hydrocephalus}} can result from aqueduct stenosis. | |||
- choroidal plexus papilloma | |||
|| Incorrect! {{hydrocephalus}} can result from aqueduct stenosis. | |||
- chronic meningitis | |||
|| Incorrect! {{hydrocephalus}} can result from aqueduct stenosis. | |||
- hydromyelin | |||
|| Incorrect! {{hydrocephalus}} can result from aqueduct stenosis. | |||
- subarachnoid hemorrhage | |||
|| Incorrect! {{hydrocephalus}} can result from aqueduct stenosis. | |||
{In spina bifida occulta: | |||
|type="()"} | |||
+ the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin | |||
|| Correct! In spina bifida occulta the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin. {{ICD-11}} {{ICD11weblink}}1910019778 LB73 Structural developmental anomalies of spine or bony thorax] - {{ICD11weblink}}449489594 LB73.0 Occult spinal dysraphism] | |||
- the neural groove fails to close | |||
|| Incorrect! In [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/36380 spina bifida occulta] the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin. {{ICD-11}} {{ICD11weblink}}1910019778 LB73 Structural developmental anomalies of spine or bony thorax] - {{ICD11weblink}}449489594 LB73.0 Occult spinal dysraphism] | |||
- a cyst, containing neural tissue, leptomeninges and glial tissue, appears | |||
|| Incorrect! In [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/36380 spina bifida occulta] the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin. {{ICD-11}} {{ICD11weblink}}1910019778 LB73 Structural developmental anomalies of spine or bony thorax] - {{ICD11weblink}}449489594 LB73.0 Occult spinal dysraphism] | |||
- only the meninges are present in the cyst | |||
|| Incorrect! In [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/36380 spina bifida occulta] the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin. {{ICD-11}} {{ICD11weblink}}1910019778 LB73 Structural developmental anomalies of spine or bony thorax] - {{ICD11weblink}}449489594 LB73.0 Occult spinal dysraphism] | |||
- all of the above are present | |||
|| Incorrect! In [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/36380 spina bifida occulta] the vertebral arches in the affected area are underdeveloped but the defect is covered by the skin. {{ICD-11}} {{ICD11weblink}}1910019778 LB73 Structural developmental anomalies of spine or bony thorax] - {{ICD11weblink}}449489594 LB73.0 Occult spinal dysraphism] | |||
{The a-fetoprotein levels in amniotic fluid are increased in: | |||
|type="()"} | |||
- neural tube defects | |||
- hydatidiform mole | |||
- an omphalocele | |||
- multiple pregnancies | |||
+ all of the above | |||
|| Correct! | |||
{Intrauterine rubella infection can result in: | |||
|type="()"} | |||
- vascular thrombosis | |||
|| Incorrect! Intrauterine {{rubella}} infection can result in {{microcephaly}}. {{ICD11}} {{ICD11weblink}}179350437 LA05.0 Microcephaly] | |||
- hydrocephaly | |||
|| Incorrect! Intrauterine {{rubella}} infection can result in {{microcephaly}}. {{ICD11}} {{ICD11weblink}}179350437 LA05.0 Microcephaly] | |||
- purulent meningitis | |||
|| Incorrect! Intrauterine {{rubella}} infection can result in {{microcephaly}}. {{ICD11}} {{ICD11weblink}}179350437 LA05.0 Microcephaly] | |||
+ microcephaly | |||
|| Correct! Intrauterine {{rubella}} infection can result in {{microcephaly}}. {{ICD11}} {{ICD11weblink}}179350437 LA05.0 Microcephaly] | |||
- chorioretinitis | |||
|| Incorrect! Intrauterine {{rubella}} infection can result in {{microcephaly}}. {{ICD11}} {{ICD11weblink}}179350437 LA05.0 Microcephaly] | |||
</quiz> | </quiz> |