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| ==Introduction==
| | #REDIRECT [[Assisted_Reproductive_Technology]] |
| In vitro fertilization covers the aided fertilization process, in contrast with in vivo fertilization which is the normal uterine occuring fertilization process. From the first successful IVF carried out in the UK in 1978 by Steptoe PC, et al. this technique continues to grow worldwide with new medical technologies.
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| The Latin, ''In vitro'' = "in glass" meaning in essence a test tube as apposed to in vivo (in life or a living body). Note that even in vivo fertilization can also now be assisted through some fertility drug treatments. Both processes have the same biological outcome, fusion of male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote.
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| In Australia during 2005 1,596 IVF babies were born. In the same year in Australia and New Zealand 51,017 treatment cycles were reported, an increase of 13.7% of ART treatment cycles from 2004. In all countries using Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), pregnancy rates vary for the different methods of treatment and also between individual IVF or GIFT units. In Australia best clinical pregnancy rate (per 100 oocyte retrieval cycles) by most successful 25% of all clinics increased from 24.9% (1998) to 34.4% (2001) (NPSU data - ART 2002 report)
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| {{Template:Fertilization Links}}
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| ==18 Ways to Make a Baby==
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| # Natural sex
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| # Artificial insemination -- of mother with father's sperm
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| # Artificial insemination -- of mother with donor sperm
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| # Artificial insemination -- with egg and sperm donors, using surrogate mother
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| # In vitro fertilization (IVF) -- using egg and sperm of parents
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| # IVF - with Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
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| # IVF - with frozen embryos
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| # IVF - with Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
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| # IVF - with egg donor
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| # IVF - with sperm donor
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| # IVF - with egg and sperm donor
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| # IVF - with surrogate using parents' egg and sperm
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| # IVF - with surrogate and egg donor
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| # IVF - with surrogate and sperm donor
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| # IVF - with surrogate using her egg, sperm from baby's father
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| # IVF - with surrogate using egg and sperm donors*
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| # Cytoplasmic transfer**
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| # Nuclear transfer and cloning
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| ==Embryo Culture Milestones==
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| * 1949 8 cell mouse embryo -> blastocyst (in saline and egg yolk)
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| * 1956 8 cell mouse embryo -> blastocyst (first embryo culture medium)
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| * 1957 2 cell mouse embryo -> blastocyst
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| * 1958 8 cell mouse embryo -> blastocyst, then transferred to pregnant recipient
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| * 1960's development of culture requirements for mouse mebryos
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| * 1965 2 cell mouse embryo -> blastocyst, then transferred into pseudopregnant recipient
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| * 1968 zygotes from mouse -> blastocysts
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| * 1968,70 2 & 4 cell rabbit embryos -> blastocyst in serum supplemented medium
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| * 1970,71 1 & 2 cell rabbit embryos -> blastocyst in defined medium
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| * 1970,81 Culture of in vitro fertilized human embryo -> 16 cells -> blastula
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| * 1998 Cloning of adult sheep "dolly"
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| * 2004 Cloning of human blastocysts
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| Data modified from<ref>Culture of preimplantation embryos: facts and artifacts. Bavister BD. Hum Reprod Update. 1995 Mar;1(2):91-148. Review. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15726768 PMID: 15726768]</ref>
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| {{Template:Fertilization Links}}
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| == External Links ==
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| ==References==
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| <references/>
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| ===Reviews===
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| ===Articles===
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| ===Search Pubmed===
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| '''Search Pubmed Now:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=fertilization fertilization] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&cmd=search&term=zygote zygote]
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| {{Template:Glossary}}
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| {{Template:Footer}}
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| | {{Footer}} |
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| [[Category:Human Embryo]] [[Category:Week 1]] [[Category:Fertilization]] [[Category:Oocyte]] [[Category:Spermatozoa]] | | [[Category:Human Embryo]] [[Category:Week 1]] [[Category:Fertilization]] [[Category:Oocyte]] [[Category:Spermatozoa]] |
| | | [[Category:Australia]] |
| [[Category:In Vitro Fertilization]] | | [[Category:In Vitro Fertilization]] [[Category:Assisted Reproductive Technology]][[Category:2015]] |
