Talk:Placenta - Cord: Difference between revisions
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==2011== | |||
===Area of Wharton's jelly as an estimate of the thickness of the umbilical cord and its relationship with estimated fetal weight=== | ===Area of Wharton's jelly as an estimate of the thickness of the umbilical cord and its relationship with estimated fetal weight=== | ||
Reprod Health. 2011 Nov 4;8:32. | Reprod Health. 2011 Nov 4;8:32. | ||
| Line 31: | Line 34: | ||
The stroma of the placental villi contain numerous macrophages, so-called Hofbauer cells which are of mesenchymal origin and are thought to function in many processes. Although there are many studies concerning placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, there has been a lack of evidence on the possible roles of Hofbauer cells in these processes. In this study we hypothesized that Hofbauer cell locations and numbers might be correlated with the vascular structures within the placental villi core and therefore may be implicated to play roles in placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Placental tissues were obtained from normal first-trimester pregnancies. Tissues were prepared for light microscopic investigations. Double immunohistochemistry staining with CD31/PECAM1 and CD68 was applied to placental tissues. In placental villous core, majority of the Hofbauer cells were found to be either in close contact with angiogenic cell cords and primitive vascular tubes or located in between them. Moreover, the number of Hofbauer cells and vasculogenic structures were found to be significantly correlated. The findings of this study suggest for the first time that Hofbauer cells might be involved in the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the placenta. | The stroma of the placental villi contain numerous macrophages, so-called Hofbauer cells which are of mesenchymal origin and are thought to function in many processes. Although there are many studies concerning placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, there has been a lack of evidence on the possible roles of Hofbauer cells in these processes. In this study we hypothesized that Hofbauer cell locations and numbers might be correlated with the vascular structures within the placental villi core and therefore may be implicated to play roles in placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Placental tissues were obtained from normal first-trimester pregnancies. Tissues were prepared for light microscopic investigations. Double immunohistochemistry staining with CD31/PECAM1 and CD68 was applied to placental tissues. In placental villous core, majority of the Hofbauer cells were found to be either in close contact with angiogenic cell cords and primitive vascular tubes or located in between them. Moreover, the number of Hofbauer cells and vasculogenic structures were found to be significantly correlated. The findings of this study suggest for the first time that Hofbauer cells might be involved in the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the placenta. | ||
PMID: | PMID 17350092 | ||
==2006== | |||
===The umbilical coiling index and adverse perinatal outcome=== | |||
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006 Oct;95(1):8-13. Epub 2006 Jul 24. | |||
Kashanian M, Akbarian A, Kouhpayehzadeh J. | |||
Source | |||
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital, Tehran, Iran. maryamkashanian@yahoo.com <maryamkashanian@yahoo.com> | |||
Abstract | |||
OBJECTIVE: | |||
Evaluation of the relationship between umbilical coiling index (UCI) and adverse perinatal outcome. | |||
METHOD: | |||
A prospective study was performed on 699 pregnant women who were 37-40 weeks. UCI was determined by dividing the total number of the complete vascular coiling by the total umbilical cord length in centimeters. Then the relationship between UCI and neonatal weight, amniotic fluid index, meconium, Apgar score, and fetal distress were evaluated. | |||
RESULTS: | |||
There was a significant difference between normo- and hypocoiled groups according to the Apgar score less than 7 in minute 5, AFI<or=5; and between normo- and hypercoiled groups according to Apgar score less than 7 in minute 5, AFI<or=5, meconium, and fetal distress. Neonatal weight in normocoiled was higher than hypercoiled group. AFI<or=5, meconium and fetal distress were higher in hypercoiled than hypocoiled group. Neonatal weight in hypercoiled was less than that in the hypocoiled group, respectively. | |||
CONCLUSION: | |||
Abnormal UCI may relate to adverse perinatal outcome. | |||
PMID 16860802 | |||
==2005== | ==2005== | ||
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2026, October 16) Embryology Placenta - Cord. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Placenta_-_Cord |
2011
Area of Wharton's jelly as an estimate of the thickness of the umbilical cord and its relationship with estimated fetal weight
Reprod Health. 2011 Nov 4;8:32.
Barbieri C, Cecatti JG, Surita FG, Costa ML, Marussi EF, Costa JV. Source Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To build a reference curve for the area of Wharton's jelly (WJ) in low-risk pregnancies from 13 to 40 weeks and to assess its relationship with estimated fetal weight (EFW). METHODS: 2,189 low-risk pregnancies had the area of WJ estimated by ultrasound and the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles calculated using a third-degree polynomial regression procedure. EFW by ultrasound was correlated with the measurement of the area of WJ. RESULTS: The area of WJ increased according to gestational age (R² = 0.64), stabilizing from the 32nd week onwards. There was a significant linear correlation between area of WJ and EFW up to 26 weeks (R = 0.782) and after that 5t remained practically constant (R = 0.047). CONCLUSION: The area of WJ increases according to gestational age, with a trend to stabilize at around 32 weeks of gestation. It is also linearly correlated with EFW only up to 26 weeks of gestation.
PMID 22054163
http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/8/1/32
2007
Hofbauer cells in early human placenta: possible implications in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis
Seval Y, Korgun ET, Demir R. Placenta. 2007 Aug-Sep;28(8-9):841-5. Epub 2007 Mar 9.
The stroma of the placental villi contain numerous macrophages, so-called Hofbauer cells which are of mesenchymal origin and are thought to function in many processes. Although there are many studies concerning placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, there has been a lack of evidence on the possible roles of Hofbauer cells in these processes. In this study we hypothesized that Hofbauer cell locations and numbers might be correlated with the vascular structures within the placental villi core and therefore may be implicated to play roles in placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Placental tissues were obtained from normal first-trimester pregnancies. Tissues were prepared for light microscopic investigations. Double immunohistochemistry staining with CD31/PECAM1 and CD68 was applied to placental tissues. In placental villous core, majority of the Hofbauer cells were found to be either in close contact with angiogenic cell cords and primitive vascular tubes or located in between them. Moreover, the number of Hofbauer cells and vasculogenic structures were found to be significantly correlated. The findings of this study suggest for the first time that Hofbauer cells might be involved in the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the placenta.
PMID 17350092
2006
The umbilical coiling index and adverse perinatal outcome
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006 Oct;95(1):8-13. Epub 2006 Jul 24.
Kashanian M, Akbarian A, Kouhpayehzadeh J. Source Iran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital, Tehran, Iran. maryamkashanian@yahoo.com <maryamkashanian@yahoo.com>
Abstract OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the relationship between umbilical coiling index (UCI) and adverse perinatal outcome. METHOD: A prospective study was performed on 699 pregnant women who were 37-40 weeks. UCI was determined by dividing the total number of the complete vascular coiling by the total umbilical cord length in centimeters. Then the relationship between UCI and neonatal weight, amniotic fluid index, meconium, Apgar score, and fetal distress were evaluated. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between normo- and hypocoiled groups according to the Apgar score less than 7 in minute 5, AFI<or=5; and between normo- and hypercoiled groups according to Apgar score less than 7 in minute 5, AFI<or=5, meconium, and fetal distress. Neonatal weight in normocoiled was higher than hypercoiled group. AFI<or=5, meconium and fetal distress were higher in hypercoiled than hypocoiled group. Neonatal weight in hypercoiled was less than that in the hypocoiled group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Abnormal UCI may relate to adverse perinatal outcome. PMID 16860802
2005
Embryogenesis of fused umbilical arteries in human embryos
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Nov;193(5):1709-15.
Yamada S, Hamanishi J, Tanada S, Tachibana M, Mimura R, Fujii S, Shiota K. Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. shyamada@cac.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to elucidate the embryologic basis of fused umbilical arteries in the human.
STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-nine human embryo specimens at Carnegie stages 11 through 15 (4-5 weeks after fertilization) were examined histologically, with special reference to the development of umbilical arteries.
RESULTS: All embryos at Carnegie stage 11 and 12 had fused umbilical arteries, and 66% of Carnegie stage 13 embryos and 29% of Carnegie stage 14 embryos still had the condition. None of the embryos at Carnegie stage 15 or older had fused umbilical arteries, but there were always 2 arteries present in their umbilical cords. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that (1) a single umbilical artery splits into 2 as the developmental stage of the embryo advances, (2) that fused umbilical arteries represent a remnant of the embryonic phenotype, and (3) that fused umbilical arteries are embryologically distinct from true single umbilical artery.
PMID: 16260215 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260215
1989
Isolation and characterization of Hofbauer cells from human placental villi
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 1989;246(4):189-200.
Zaccheo D, Pistoia V, Castellucci M, Martinoli C.
Istituto di Anatomia Umana Normale, Università di Genova, Italy. Abstract Hofbauer cells are a major cell type of the human placental villous core and they are particularly numerous at the beginning of pregnancy. In the present study we describe a method suitable to obtain HC suspensions in a highly purified form. These suspensions have been analyzed for surface markers using a battery of monoclonal antibodies. Of all the surface markers used, Hofbauer cells were only positive for 4F2, LeuM2 and LeuM3 monoclonals which mainly detect cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Hofbauer cells were consistently negative for HLA-DR antigens, C3bR and T- or B-cell markers. Hofbauer cells appeared capable of phagocytosing latex beads, adhering to and spreading over plastic surface and secreting lysozyme. In contrast, they failed to originate an efficient respiratory burst in response to appropriate stimulation. Hofbauer cells were positive for ANAE with a perinuclear localization of the enzyme activity, but consistently negative for peroxidase. These observations suggest that they share a number of features with cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and yet have some distinctive properties.
PMID: 2482706
