1987 Developmental Stages In Human Embryos - Appendix 1: Difference between revisions

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O'Rahilly R. and Müller F. Developmental Stages in Human Embryos. Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 637 (1987).

Online Editor Note
O'Rahilly R. and Müller F. Developmental Stages in Human Embryos. Contrib. Embryol., Carnegie Inst. Wash. 637 (1987). The original 1987 publication text, figures and tables have been altered in formatting, addition of internal online links, and links to PubMed. Original Document - Copyright © 1987 Carnegie Institution of Washington. See also the later 2010 paper by the same authors - O'Rahilly R & Müller F. (2010). Developmental stages in human embryos: revised and new measurements. Cells Tissues Organs (Print) , 192, 73-84. PMID: 20185898 DOI. Links: Embryonic Development \| Carnegie Collection \| Carnegie Embryos \| Ronan O'Rahilly \| Fabiola Müller

1987 Stages: Introduction | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | References | Appendix 1 | Appendix 2 | Historic Papers | Embryonic Development

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Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History \| Historic Embryology Papers)

Appendix 1 | Appendix 2

Appendix 1 - Embryos In The Carnegie Collection

The Carnegie specimens of stages 2-23 are listed in the following tables.

In columns "Size" (stage 9 and later), E. is the great- est length of the embryo and Ch. is the mean diameter of the chorion. In stages 16-18, an asterisk indicates a corrected or an estimated length. The grade refers to the total grade of the specimen and includes both its original quality and the condition of the mounted sections. The embedding medium was either paraffin (P) or a combination of celloidin and paraffin (C-P).

In stages 9-12 the number of paired somites is pro- vided. In stage 18 the number of semicircular ducts (1-3) is given for each embryo, and also the length of the paramesonephric duct. Both of these serve as in- dices of relative level of development. In stages 19- 23 Streeter's point score, from which the position of a given Carnegie embryo within a stage can be deter- mined, is included (see p. 237).

The donors of most of these valuable specimens were named by Streeter (1942-1951) and O'Rahilly (1973). All those of stages 2, 3, 5a, and 5b, most of those of stage 5c, and many of those of stages 6 and 7 were presented by Drs. Hertig and Rock, whose con- tribution has been of enormous value to early human embryology.

Carnegie Collection

The specimens in the excellent embryological collection of Professor E. Blechschmidt were assigned Carnegie Nos. 10315-10434 in 1972 because Professor Blechschmidt's wish was and is to have his collection combined with the Carnegie Collection. The Blechschmidt Collection is at present housed temporarily in the Department of Anatomy of Louisiana State University, New Orleans, and is under the care of Dr. Raymond F. Gasser. The collection has served as the basis of two important atlases (Blechschmidt, 1963, 1973), and the appropriate three-dimensional reconstructions are housed in the Anatomisches Institut der Universitat Gottingen. The staging of these embryos has not been completed and hence they are not in- cluded in the following lists.

Blechschmidt Collection

Stage 2

8190 8260 8450 8452 8500.1 8630 8698 8904

Stage 3

8663 8794

Stage 5

Stage 5a

8020 8155 8225

Stage 5b

8004 8171 8215 9350

Stage 5c

4900 Poor 7699 Exc. 7700 Exc. 7770 Exc. 7771 Exc. 7950 Exc. 8000 Poor 8139 Exc. 8299 Exc. 8329 Exc. 8330 Exc. 8370 Poor 8558 Exc.

Stage 6

Serial No. Grade Embedding Medium ? P P P P C-P STAGE 6 Thinness 6026 Poor 6734 Poor 6900 Poor 7634 Poor 7762 Good 7800 Exc. 7801 Exc. 7850 Exc. 8290 Exc. 8360 Exc. 8362 Poor p 6? 10 15 10 8 8 8 6 8 6 6 6 8 6 8 H.&E. H.&E. H.&E. H.&E. ? H.&E. H.&E. H.&E. H. phlox. H.&E., phlox. H.&E., phlox H.&E. H.&E. H.&E., phlox. H.&E., phlox. Azan 8672 Exc. 8819 Exc. 8905 Poor 8910 Good Formol 9222 Good Bouin 9250 Exc. Bouin 9595 Poor p 10003 Good Bouin 6& 10 8 H.&E. 1954 8 H.&E. 1958 5 V arious 1963 Fixative ? Zenker-acetic Formol Formol Zenker-formol Stain Y ear Notes 1929 Lockyer embryo. Abnormal. Ramsey (1937) 1934 Yale embryo. Ramsey (1938) 1940 Linzenmeier (1914) 1940 Torpin embryo. Krafka (1941) 1940 Wilson (1945) 1940 Abnormal 1940 Heuser et al. (1945) 1940 Abnormal 1944 1944 1944 1949 1951 Edwards-Jones-Brewer (H.I496). Brewer (1938) 1951 Abnormal 1951 1954 Abnormal. Possibly stage 7 Bouin C-P Ale. & Bouin C-P Bouin C-P Ale. & Bouin C-P C-P C-P C-P p C-P C-P p p p Ale. & Bouin Formol-chrom. subl. Ale. etc.

STAGE 7

Serial Embedding Thinness No. Grade Fixative Medium ((xm) Scain Y ear 1940 1943 1946 1948 1950 1950 1954 Notes Heuser et al. (1945) Abnormal 7802 Exc. Ale. & Bouin 8206 Good p 8361 Good Bouin 8602 Exc. Ale. 8752 Exc. 7 8756 Exc. Formol 9217 Exc. p C-P 6 H.&E. C-P 6 H.&E. C-P 10 p C-P 8 H.&E. C-P 10 H&E C-P 10 H&E P10 H.&E.

STAGE 8

Serial No. 1399 3412 5960 6630 6815 7170a and b 7545 7568 7640 7666 7701 7822 7949 7972 8255 8320 8352 8371 8671 8725 8727 8820 9009a and b 9123 9251 9286 10157 10174 Embedding Grade Fixative Medium Poor Formol P Poor Formol P Good Kaiserling P Poor Formol P Poor Formol P Poor Ale. C-P Plane Trans. Trans. Trans. Oblique Oblique Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Sag. Sag. Sag. Sag. Trans. Sag. Sag. Sag. Trans. Trans. Sag. Sag. Trans. Trans. Trans. Thinness (fxm) Stain Year Notes Exc. Poor Good Exc. Exc. Good Good Good Exc. Good Good Poor Exc. Exc. Exc. Good Formoi C-P Formol C-P Formol & Bouin P Formol-chrom. C-P subl. ? C-P Formol C-P Zenker p Ale. & Bouin C-P Bouin C-P Formol C-P Formol C-P Ale. & Bouin C-P Ale. & Bouin C-P Ale. & Bouin C-P Ale. & Bouin C-P Zenker-formol 10 H.&E. etc. 5-15 Al. coch. E. au., or. /-* 5 Al. coch. & eosin 6 H.&E. 10 Al. coch., or. G 6 H.&E. 6 H.&E. 10 Al. coch. 10 H.&E. 6 H.&E. 1916 "Mateer embryo" described by Streeter (1920a) 1921 1929 Heuser (1932b) 1932 1933 1935 Twins 1938 1938 1939 George (1942) 1939 "H. 1515" Formol C-P Formol C-P ? C-P C-P 8 H.&E. 1939 10 H.&E. 1940 10 H.&E. etc. 1941 6 H.&E. 1942 8 H.&E., phlox. 1944 8 H.&E., phlox. 1945 8 H.&E., phlox. 1946 8 H.&E., phlox. 1946 6 H.&E, phlox. 1949 6 H.&E, phlox. 1949 8 H.&E, phlox. 1949 10 H.&E. 1951 6 H.&E. 1952 6 H.&E. 1953 10-12 Azan, H. & phlox. 1954 8 Azan 1955 ? Cason 1967 8 Cason 1967 Slides showing embryo returned to Dr. Patten in 1962 Germ disc folded, possibly double (Hertig, 1968, fig. 180) "Jones-Brewer I" (H. 1459) described byJones and Brewer (1941) Twins described briefly by Heuser (1954) Good Good Good Exc. Formol Exc. Formol Exc. Bouin p p Trans.

STAGE 9

Serial No. 1878 5080 7650 Pairs of somites 2-3 1 2-3 Size(mm) E., 1.38 Ch., 12X10.5X7.5 E., 1.5 Ch., 14.5 E., 2-3 Grade Fixative Good Formol Poor Formol Good Ale. & Bouirl Medium Plane P Cor. P Trans. C-P Trans. (u-m) Stain Year 10 H.&E. 1917 10 Al. coch. 1926 6 H.&E. 1939 Notes Described by Ingalls (1920) Studied by Davis (1927) Said to be female (Park, 1957)

Embedding ness Thin-

STAGE 10

Serial No. 391 1201 2795 3"T09 Paired Size somites (mm) 8 E, 2 Ch., 14 "7 E,2 Ch.. 144 Grade Fixative Gcxxl Formol Good Formol Embedding medium Thinness (fim) Stain 10 Al. coch. 8 H. & or. G. 6 Alcoch,or.G. 12.5 I. H. 10 Erythrosin Y ear 1907 1915 1919 1921 1921 Notes Monograph by Dandy (1910) Univ. Chicago No. H 87 Univ. Calif. No. H 19"7 Univ. Chicago No H 279 4-5 E,2 Poor Ale. 12 E, 1 5 Good Formol 4 E.. 1 P(x>r Formol Ch, 148

Serial No. Paired Size Embedding Thinness somites (mm) Grade Fixative medium (u.m) Stain H. & or. G. ? Al. coch. Ehr. H. 7 Year Notes 1921 Univ. Chicago No. H 392 1923 Monograph by Payne (1925) 1925 Univ. Rochester No. H 10. Monograph by Corner (1929) 1931 Univ. Chicago No. H 1404 1933 Litzenberg embryo. Studied by Boyden (1940) 1941 "Singapore embryo." Univ. Cambridge No. H 98. 3710 12 4216 8 5074 10 6330 7 6740 12 7251 8 8244 6 8970 12 E., 3.6 Ch., 19.0 E, 2 Ch, 9.8 E., 3.3 Ch., 10.8 E, 2.83 E., 2.2 E., 1.27 E., 1.55 Ch, 8,5 Ch, ca. 8 Good Formol Good Formol Exc. Bouin Good •> Good p Good Formol Good Ale. Good Zenker C-P 10 P15 P10 C-P 5 •> 8 C-P 10 C-P 8 p5 H.&E. H.&E, phlox. 1944 STAGE 10 (continued) All sections at stage 10 are transverse Various, chiefly carmine Studied by Wilson (1914) 1952 Univ. Chicago. No. H 637. Dicephaly

STAGE 11

Serial Paired Size No. somites (mm) Grade 12 14 E, 2.1 Poor Ch, 13 164 18 E, 3.5 Good Ch, 14 318 13/14 E, 2.5 Good Ch, 16 470 17 E, 4.3 Good Ch, 16 Fixative Formol Formol •> Thin- Embedding ness medium Plane P Trans. P Trans. P Trans. P Trans. C Trans. 779 14 E, 2.75 Good 20 Al. coch. 1913 25 Al. coch. 1905 10 Al. coch. 1910 15 Al. coch. 20 Al. coch. 1915 Ch, 16x14x12 1182b E, 3 Good 1913 Complete dysraphia. Studied by Dekaban and Bartelmez (1964) 2053 20 4315 17 4529 14 4783 13 4877 13 5072 17 Ch, 15x12x5 E, 3.1 Exc. Ch, 12 E, 4.7 Exc. Ch, 23x10.4X11 E, 2.4 Exc. Ch, 21 E, 2.3 Fair E, 2 Good Ch, 15 E, 3 Good Formol Formol P C-P Formol P Formol P Formol P Formol C-P Formol C-P Formol C-P Ale, p formol Bouin C-P C-P Formol C-P Formol C-P Bouin C-P Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Cor. Trans. Trans. Oblique Trans. Trans. Trans Trans. 10 Al. coch. 10 I.H. & E. 10 Al. coch, or. G. 1918 Most advanced in group. Monograph by Davis (1923). Ag added to slide 2 1923 Univ. Chicago No. 951. Studied by Wen (1928) 1924 Monograph by Heuser (1930) 6050 6344 6784 7358 7611 7665 7702 7851 8005 8116 19/21 E.,3 Good Ch, 10 10 H.&E. 10 Al. coch. 6 Al. coch. 1925 Tubal. Type specimen. Monograph by Atwell (1930) 1930 Advanced 8962 Formol ?*Sag, 1952 Tubal. I'ntv Chicago No H 810 13 17 16 16 19 17 13 16/1"7 17 15 E, 2.5 Exc. Ch, 17 E, 5 Exc. Ch, 16 E, ? Poor Ch, 15 E., 2.4 Exc. Ch., 12 E., 4,36 Exc. E, 3.7 Good Ch., 14 E., 4.3 Exc. Ch, 18 E, 3 Exc. E, 14 Good Ch.. 17 E, 1 55 GIKXJ 1931 Least advanced in group 6 I.H, or. G. 1933

Trans p Sag 8 1942 Tuba! Azan 1953 (u-m) Stain 10 Al. carm. 1893 5 I.H. 15 Al. coch. 1925 25 H.&E. 1936 8 H.&E. 1938 6 > 10 Al. coch. 8 H.&E. 8 H.&E. 1939 Univ. Chicago No. H 1516 1940 Returned to B M Patten 1940 Slightly injured Year Notes 1924 Monograph by Wallin (1913)

STAGE 12

Thin- Serial Paired Size Embedding ness No. somites (mm) Grade Fixative medium Plane (|im) Stain Year Notes 209 ca.24 E.,3 Ch.,15 Poor Ale. Poor p Poor Formol Good Corros. acetic Good Formol Poor Formol Good Ale, formol Poor Formol P Cor. 50 ? Sag. 20 P Trans. 10 P Trans. 10 P Trans. 20 P Trans. 10 P Trans. 10 P Trans. 40 P Cor. 10 P Trans. 15 P Trans. 10 C-P Trans. 10 Al. coch. 1902 Al. coch. p 250 19? 384 P 486 21 E, 2 Ch., 10x9x9 E., 2.5 Ch.,13 E.,4 Ch., 22 E.,4.5 Ch., 20 E., 5.3 Ch., 19.5 H.&E. Al. coch. Al. coch. Al. coch, or. G. Al. coch. Al. coch. 1907 Macerated. Narrow yolk stalk 1911 1062 29 2197 •> 4245-7 ca.24 E.,3.5 1915 1918 1923 1923 Ch., 24 4479 E., 5.8 C h , 17 4736 26 E.,3.0 Good Formol Al. coch. 1924 4759 4784 5035 Ch.,20 7 E.,4.5 Ch., 15 23 E.,3 25-28 E.,3.8 Ch., 18 Good Formol Good p Good Formol H.&E. 5048 ca.25 E.,3.5 Good Formol C-P Trans. 10 Al. coch. 1925 Tubal. Injured Tubal Autopsy. Partly macerated Tubal. Ag added to slides 1-3 Tubal. Caudal neuropore closed Caudal end broken Typical for stage 12 Caudal defect 5056 5206 5300 5923 6097 6144 6488 6937 7724 7852 7999 8505a 25 E.,3 Good Formol Ch.,12 Trans. 10 Trans. 20 Trans. 20 C-P Trans. 10 Trans. 10 Trans. 10 Cor. 10 Sag. 8 Trans. 10 C-P Trans. 10 Al. Coch. Al. coch. Al. coch. Al. coch. Al. coch, eosin Al. coch. Al. coch. I. H., or. G. H.&E. H.&E. H.&E. H. Phlox. Azan 1925 1926 1926 1929 1930 1930 1932 1934 1940 1940 1942 b 23 8941 28 8942 25 8943 22 8944 25 8963 22 8964 23 9154 24 Exc Formol C-P Exc Zenker C-P Trans. 6 Cor. 5 Trans. 8 I.H. 1927 I.H. 1930 H.&E. 1934 I.H. 1936 I.H. 1928 I.H. 1928 I.H. & phlox Univ. Chicago No. H 1261 Univ. Chicago No. H 1382 Univ. Chicago No. H 1481 Univ. Chicago No. H 1514 Univ. Chicago. No. H 1093 Studied by Wen (1928) Univ. Chicago No. H 984. Studied by Wen (1928) p p 28 25 27 28 26 ca. 29 25 ca.28 24 E.,4 Poor p Ch., 51x31x30 7 P Exc. Formol P Trans. 10 Poor Formol E., 4.5 Ch,16.5 E.,4 Ch.,15 E,3.4 Ch., 12.5 E. 3.3 Ch., 11 E, 3.2 Ch,22 E.,3 C h , 12 E, 3.5 Ch.,18 E , 3.7 Ch,26 E, 3.2 C h , 15 Ch, 23.5 Ch,24 E, 4.9 Ch, 35 E, 38 Ch, 35 E. 3.9 Ch,, 20,4 E,4 Exc. Formal- C-P Sag. 8 Ch,,25 Zenker E, 3.8 Fair Formol C-P Trans. 10 Ch , 14 5 E,2.8 Pix>r Formol p Trans 8 Ch . 26 " E, 5 4 Exc Formal C-P Trans 8&6 Exc. Formol Good Lysol-Zenker C-P Good Formol C-P Poor Formol C-P Good Formol C-P Exc. Formol C-P Exc. Bouin Exc Formol C-P Trans. p Sag. p \ 1 CiA~J ( 1947 Twins Exc Zenker C-P Exc, Formol- C-P Zenker P Transitional to next stage Caudal neuropore widely open Macerated. Upper limb buds not visible No upper limb buds. Caudal neuropore closed 1924 Neural tube folded Al. coch. 1925 p 1924 1953

STAGE 13

Serial Size Embedding No. (mm) Grade Fixative medium Plane Thin- ness (|xm) Stain Year Notes Obtained by Mall while student Abnormal. Nasal discs fused 1 E.,4.5 Ch., 30X30 19 E., 5.5 Ch., 18X14 87 E., 4 Ch., 24X16x9 76 E., 4.5 Ch.,22X20 112 E., 4 116 E., 5 148 E.,4.3 Ch., 17x14x10 186 E.,3.5 Ch., 25X20X15 239 E., 3.0 248 E., 4.5 Ch., 30x23x15 407 E.,4 Ch., 14x13X7 463 E., 3.9 Ch., 17x12x7 523 E., 5 Ch., 25X25X15 588 E., 4.0 Ch., 19x15x8 786 E., 4.5 Ch., 19X10X10 800 E., 6.0 808 E.,4.0 826 E., 5.0 Ch., 13X13X9 836 E.,4.0 Ch., 22X18X11 963 E.,4.0 Ch., 23X18X16 1075 E.,6.0 Ch., 46x32x20 3956 E., 4.0 4046 E.,5 Ch., 22X20X20 5541 E., 6.0 Ch., 35x30x20 5682 E., 5.3 Ch., 29x25x13 5874 E., 4.8 6032 E., 5.8 Ch., 30x24x13 6469 E., 5.0 Ch., 25x18X18 6473 E., 5.0 Ch, 30X30X15 7433 E., 5.2 Ch., 15 x 1 3 x 1 3 "618 E,48 Ch, 18x15x15 "669 E,5.0 Ch., 23xl6x 14 "'889 E, 4.2 8066 E,53 C h , 20 x 18 x IS Poor Salicylic acid Poor p Poor p Poor Ale. P Trans. ? Trans. 10 20 20 20 10 p 10 20 10 50 40 10 p 15 15 10 15 20 15 20 20 20 50 10 20 10 ? p 6 8 10 6 6 8 Hemat. 1887 Al. coch. 1895 Al. coch. 1896 Al. coch. 1897 Al. coch. p Al. coch. 1898 H.&E. 1899 Al. coch. 1901 H.&E. 1903 Al. coch. 1904 Al. coch. 1907 Al. coch. 1910 Al. coch. 1911 H.&E. 1912 Al. coch. 1913 H. 1913 Al. coch. 1914 Al. coch. 1914 Al. coch. 1914 Al. coch. 1914 H.&E., or. G. 1915 Al. coch. 1922 Al. coch. 1922 Al. coch., eosin 1927 Al. coch. 1928 H.&E. 1929 p 1929 p 1932 Al. coch. 1932 H.&E. 1937 H.&E. 1939 H.&E. 1939 H.&E 1941 H.&E 1942 Poor p Poor p Poor AJc. Poor Ale. Poor Formol Poor p Poor Formol Good Formol Fair Formol Good Corros. Poor Ale. Good Corros. Poor Corros. Good Formol Exc. Corros. Good Formol Exc. Corros. Poor Formol Poor Formol Good Formol Poor Formol Exc. Bouin Poor Formol Poor Formol Exc. Formol Exc Formol Exc. Bouin Good Formol Exc. Bouin Exc. Bouin acetic acetic acetic acetic acetic p P p ? P P P ? ? P p P P P P P P P P Trans. Trans. Sag. Sag. Cor. Trans. Trans. Cor. Trans. Cor. Trans. Cor. Sag. Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Cor. Cor. Trans. Trans. Trans. Cor. Trans. p p Cor. Cor. Cor. Cor. Cor. Trans. Advanced Curettage. Anencephaly Tubal. Incomplete Shrunken Less advanced Most advanced in group Tubal. Incomplete Hysterotomy. Bromides only Not good enough to cut Fragmented on cutting. Not saved Less advanced. Ag added Tubal Hystereaomy. Advanced. Ag added Hysterectomy. Least advanced in group, Ag added Hysterectomy Hysterectomy. Ag added to slide 2 P P P P P OP C-P C-P C-P C-P C-P p p Serial Size No. (mm) 8119 E., 5.3 Ch., 32x28x6.5 8147 E., 5.2 Ch., 27X21X19 8239 E., 4.3 8372 E., 5.6 8581 E., 4.8 8967 E., 5.7 9296 E,4.5 9297 E., 4.5 9697 E., 5.5 Grade Fixative Exc. Bouin Poor Formol Exc. Bouin Exc. AJc. & Bouin Good Kaiserling Exc. Acetic Zenker Embedding medium C-P ? C-P P C-P C-P C-P Thin- ness Plane (|xm) Trans. 8 ?p Sag. 8 Trans. 10 Sag. 8 Trans. 6 Cor. 8 Stain Year H.&E. 1943 p 1943 H. phlox. 1944 Azan 1946 Azan 1948 H.&E. 1931 Azan 1955 Notes Hysterectomy Tubal. Not cut Most-advanced third Head injured. Univ. Chicago No. H1426 Not cut Exc. •> Exc. •> STAGE 13 (continued) Sag. 8 Bouin 1956 C-P Azan 1955

STAGE 14

Serial No. 4 18 80 187 208 245 372 380 387 442 552 560 676 873 988 1380 1620 11% 2841 3360 Size (mm) E.,7 E.,7 Ch., 18X18 E., 5.0 Ch., 24x18x8 E.,7 Ch., 35x30x25 E.,7 Ch., 22X11X11 E.,6 Ch., 13X12X10 E.,7 E,6 Ch., 20x20x14 E.,7 Ch., 45x40x50 E.,6 Ch.,25x20 E.,6 Ch, 40X28X28 E., 7.0 Ch, 24x24 E., 6.0 Ch, 35x20x17 E,6.0 Ch., 35x28x16 E,6.0 Ch., 38x30x23 E , 5."7 Ch, 36x24x24 E, 6.6 Ch, 35x30x8 E, 6.68 E , sy Ch. 35x21 E.6.0 Grade Poor p Poor p Good Ale. Poor ? Poor ? Fixative Embedding medium Plane Thin- ness (UJTI) 10 20 20 20 20 5 10 20 20 50 40 40 2 0 2 0 20 20 20 6 20 20 Stain Year Al. coch. 1892 Al. coch. 1895 Al. coch. 1897 Al. coch. 1902 Al. coch. 1902 H.&E. 1904 H.-Congo red 1902 H.&E. 1906 H.&E. 1907 Al. coch. 1908 Al. coch. 1911 Al. coch. 1912 H.&E. Notes Poor Formol, Zenker p P Trans. •> Sag. p Sag. ? Trans. Fairp p Poorp p Trans. Sag. Good Formol Poor Formol Poor p Poor Formol Good Carnoy Poor Formol P Trans. p Cor.? P Sag. P Cor. P Tr.-Cor. P Sag. P Trans. P Cor. P Sag. ? Trans. P Trans. C Trans Possible anencephaly Good Exc. Good Fair Good Good Formol-corros. acetic Formol Formol ? Ale. Formol Al. coch. 1914 Al. coch. 1916 Al. coch. 1916 Al. coch., or. G. 1919 H.&E,or.G 1920 H.&E,or.G 1920 In mvomatous uterus Trans. Trans. 1913 Possible spina bifida Al. coch. 1914

Serial Size No. (mm) STAGE 14 (continued) Thin- Embedding ness Grade Fixative medium Plane (|im) Stain Year Notes 3805 E., 5.9 Exc. 3960 E., 5.5 Good 4154 E,6.8 Poor Ch., 33X31X20 4245-6 E., 7.0 Good 4629 E., 6.5 Good Ch.,32x23 4672 E,8.2 Good Ch., 40X34X25 4805 E., 7.3 Good Ch., 15X8X9 5437 E., 7.0 Good 5654 E., 5.0 Good Ch., 30X23X17 5787 E., 6.8 Good Ch., 32x30x23 6428 E., 7.0 Good Ch., 30X28X25 6500 E, 4.9* Good 6502 E., 6.7* Exc. 6503 E., 6.3* Exc. 6739 E.,8 Poor 6830 E,5.5 Exc. Ch., 47X23X15 6848 E., 7.8 Good 7324 E, 6.6 Good Ch., 17x13x10 7333 E, 6.3 Good 7394 E, 7.2 Exc. Ch., 45X20X20 7400 E, 6.3 Good Ch., 35X25x20 7522 E., 7.7 Good Ch., 33x16x16 7598 E., 7.0 Poor Ch., 30x30x25 7667 E., 5 Fair Ch., 16x14x12 7829 E., 7.0 Exc. 7870 E,7.2 Exc. Ch., 25X20X 13 8141 E,7.3 Exc. 15 H.&E. 20 Al. coch. Ch.,33x28 8306 E.5.3 Ch., 27 8308 E, 5.85 Ch., 27X18X 18 8314 E,8 Ch.,23x22 S35"7 E., 6.5 8552 E,6.5 8999 E,6 Exc. Bouin C-P Exc. Formol & Bouin C-P Exc. Formol C-P Good Formol C-P Exc. Ale. & Bouin C-P Exc. Ale. & Bouin C-P Ch.,16x15 9695 E,8.5 ? Not cut Bouin P Formol C-P Ale. C-P Formol P Formol C-P Formol p Formol C-P Formol C-P Formol p Formol p Formol C-P Souza? C-P Souza? C-P Souza? C-P Formol C-P Formol C-P Formol C-P Formol C-P Formol C-P Formol C-P Formol C-P Formol C-P Ale. C-P Formol p Bouin C-P Bouin C-P Formol C-P Trans. Cor. Trans. Trans. Sag. Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Sag. Cor. Sag. Trans. Cor. Sag. Cor. Cor. Trans. Trans. Trans. Cor. Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Cor, Trans. Sag. Trans. Sag Trans. Sag. 1921 Evans embryo No. 168. Serial bromides only 1922 Blood vessels naturally injected 8 H.&E. 1923 15 Al. coch. 10 H.&E. 1924 20 Al. coch. 10 H.&E. 8 H.&E. 10 Al. coch., eosin 1924 Advanced 1924 Tubal 1927 Advanced 1928 Less advanced 10 Al. coch. 1928 6, Al. coch. 10 10 Al. coch. 5, 1931 Advanced 1931 E. Leitz, Berlin 1931 E. Leitz, Berlin. Ag added to slides 1-25 10 H.&E. 10 Al. coch. 20 H.&E. 1933 1931 E. Leitz, Berlin 8 H.&E. 1933 10 H.&E. 8 H.&E. 1934 Tubal 1936 Low implantation 8 H.&E. 1936 8 H.&E. 1937 10 H.&E. 1937 8 H.&E. 10 H.&E. 1938 Natural blood injection 1938 Macerated 8 H.&E., phlox. 1939 8 H.&E. 8 H.&E. 8 H.&E. 10&20 H.&E., phlox. 1945 8 Azan 1945 8 Azan 1945 8 Azan 1946 8 Azan 1947 8 Azan 1952 1955 1923 Univ. Pennsylvania No. 40. Ag added 1940 Advanced 1941 On borderline of next stage. Ag added 1943 Shrinkage cracks in brain

Stage 15

389 721 810 855 1006 1091 1354 1767 2743 3216 3385 3441 3512 3952 4602 4782 5772 5«92 f>223 65<W (rfOft E., 9 E., 9.0 Ch., 30x20x10 E., 7.0 Ch, 30x25x15 E.,7.5 E,9.0 Ch., 37x26x22 E,7.2 Ch., 28x26x20 E,7.8 Ch, 35x30x25 E , 11.0 Ch, 41 X23X5 E., 7.2 Ch., 19xl8x 14 E, 6.5 Ch, 30x30x5 E,83 Ch., 25x20x16 E,8.0 Ch., 25x24x20 E,8,5 Ch., 33x28x25 E,6,7 Poor Good Formol Good Formol Poor p Exc. Zenker formol Good Ale. Poor Formol P P p P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Al. coch. 1914 20 H.&E., or. G. 1914 Ch., 30x25x15 E,9.3 Ch,, 33x30x26 E,9.0 Poor Ch., I4xl3x 11 10 Al. 10 Al. 15 Al. 15 Al. 20 Al. coch. 1921 coch. 1921 coch. 1922 coch. 1924 coch. 1924 E, 8 Poor E,-3 Good E,f Poor Ale. E. "5* Exc. F, "5* Exc. E , "" V Good E , HO Good F , H4 Good 6595 "1W -Mx 1" y5 Poor Formol H.&E. 1932 Al. coch., phlox. 1935 Ch 35AMJx25 KV29 E , M 5 Ch, HH« 10 1 »9 *** F "'I (h \"-29«i> mm I HH jr Mil I " f t Exc. Ak. & Bouin C-P GlK»d Zenker C-P Trans. 10 Sag. 10 Azan 1951 Poor Ale. Poor Poor Good Good Poor Good Exc. Good Good Good Good Formol Formol Formol Formol Formol Formol Corros. acetic Formol Formol Formol Formol Formol Cor. Cor. Sag. Sag. Trans. Trans. Trans. Sag. Trans. Cor. Sag. Cor. Cor. Cor. Sag. Sag. Cor. Trans. 6 Sag. 10 Cor. 10 Cor. 8 H.&E. 1936 p pp ? Corros 15 Al. 10 Al. coch., eosin 1928 Corros. Formol Formol 6 Al. coch. p 10 Al. coch. p Al. coch. p acetic C-P C-P C-P C-P acetic C-P C-P C-P C-P coch., phlox. 1929 8 Or.G. 1930 Exc. Zeriker Exc Formal&Bouin p Cor.&Sag. 8 Azan 1952 Good Bouin p Cor. 8 Azan 1953 C-P Trans. Thin- Embedding ness Serial Size No. (mm) Grade Fixative medium Plane (|xm) Stain Year Notes Least-advanced third Shrunken and cracked Tubal Median in group Pathological between limbs Operative. Most-advanced third Macerated Least-advanced third Most-advanced third Macerated. Least-advanced third Hysterectomy. Least-advanced third Some sections lost. Most-advanced third. Ag added Median in group Medical abortion Transitional to next stage Fragmented sections. Not saved Least-advanced third. Ag added Most-advanced third. Ag added Many sections lost. Advanced Operative. Good fixation Macerated. Median in group Most-advanced third Less advanced. Univ. Chicago No. H 1454 Univ. Chicago No. H 1324 Caudal quarter embedded separately Mechanically distorted 2 E., 7.0 Ch., 25X25X25 88 E.,8 Ch., 30x28x15 113 E.,8 241 E,6.0 371 E,6.6 Good Ale. P Trans. 15 Cor. p Sag. 10 Trans. 10 Sag. 10 Sag. 20 Trans. 15 Sag. 20 Trans. 100 Al. carm. 1888 Al. coch. 1897 Borax carmine ? H. & Congo red 1904 Al. coch. 1913 H.&E. 1907 H.&E. 1913 Al. coch 1913 20 Al. coch. 1915 20 Al. coch. 1916 40 H.&E., or. G. 1917 20 Al. coch. 1919 20 Al. coch. 1920 20 H.&E., or. G. 1921 H.&E. 6 H.&E. 1928 1932