Talk:Fetal ECHO Meeting 2012

About Discussion Pages

On this website the Discussion Tab or "talk pages" for a topic has been used for several purposes: References - recent and historic that relates to the topic Additional topic information - currently prepared in draft format Links - to related webpages Topic page - an edit history as used on other Wiki sites Lecture/Practical - student feedback Student Projects - online project discussions. Links: Pubmed Most Recent | Reference Tutorial | Journal Searches Glossary Links Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2026, October 17) Embryology Fetal ECHO Meeting 2012. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Fetal_ECHO_Meeting_2012

Defining the spatial relationships between eight anatomic planes in the 11+6 to 13+6 weeks fetus: a pilot study

Prenat Diagn. 2012 Sep;32(9):875-82. doi: 10.1002/pd.3924. Epub 2012 Jun 19.

Abu-Rustum RS, Ziade MF, Abu-Rustum SE. Source Center For Advanced Fetal Care, Tripoli, Lebanon.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our study aims at investigating the spatial relationships between eight anatomic planes in the 11+6 to 13+6 weeks fetus. METHODS: This is a retrospective pilot study where three-dimensional and four-dimensional stored data sets were manipulated to retrieve eight anatomic planes starting from the midsagittal plane of the fetus. Standardization of volumes was performed at the level of the transverse abdominal circumference plane. Parallel shift was utilized and the spatial relationships between eight anatomic planes were established. The median and the range were calculated for each of the planes, and they were evaluated as a function of the fetal crown-rump length. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 63 volume data sets were analyzed. The eight anatomic planes were found to adhere to normal distribution curves, and most of the planes were in a definable relationship to each other with statistically significant correlations. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the possible spatial relationships between eight two-dimensional anatomic planes in the 11+6 to 13+6 weeks fetus, utilizing a standardized approach. Defining these spatial relationships may serve as the first step for the potential future development of automation software for fetal anatomic assessment at 11+6 to 13+6 weeks. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PMID 22711455

2011

Four-chamber view and 'swing technique' (FAST) echo: a novel and simple algorithm to visualize standard fetal echocardiographic planes

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Apr;37(4):423-31. doi: 10.1002/uog.8840. Epub 2011 Mar 2.

Yeo L, Romero R, Jodicke C, Oggè G, Lee W, Kusanovic JP, Vaisbuch E, Hassan S.

Source

Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. lyeo@med.wayne.edu Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel and simple algorithm (four-chamber view and 'swing technique' (FAST) echo) for visualization of standard diagnostic planes of fetal echocardiography from dataset volumes obtained with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and applying a new display technology (OmniView). METHODS: We developed an algorithm to image standard fetal echocardiographic planes by drawing four dissecting lines through the longitudinal view of the ductal arch contained in a STIC volume dataset. Three of the lines are locked to provide simultaneous visualization of targeted planes, and the fourth line (unlocked) 'swings' through the ductal arch image (swing technique), providing an infinite number of cardiac planes in sequence. Each line generates the following plane(s): (a) Line 1: three-vessels and trachea view; (b) Line 2: five-chamber view and long-axis view of the aorta (obtained by rotation of the five-chamber view on the y-axis); (c) Line 3: four-chamber view; and (d) 'swing line': three-vessels and trachea view, five-chamber view and/or long-axis view of the aorta, four-chamber view and stomach. The algorithm was then tested in 50 normal hearts in fetuses at 15.3-40 weeks' gestation and visualization rates for cardiac diagnostic planes were calculated. To determine whether the algorithm could identify planes that departed from the normal images, we tested the algorithm in five cases with proven congenital heart defects. RESULTS: In normal cases, the FAST echo algorithm (three locked lines and rotation of the five-chamber view on the y-axis) was able to generate the intended planes (longitudinal view of the ductal arch, pulmonary artery, three-vessels and trachea view, five-chamber view, long-axis view of the aorta, four-chamber view) individually in 100% of cases (except for the three-vessels and trachea view, which was seen in 98% (49/50)) and simultaneously in 98% (49/50). The swing technique was able to generate the three-vessels and trachea view, five-chamber view and/or long-axis view of the aorta, four-chamber view and stomach in 100% of normal cases. In the abnormal cases, the FAST echo algorithm demonstrated the cardiac defects and displayed views that deviated from what was expected from the examination of normal hearts. The swing technique was useful for demonstrating the specific diagnosis due to visualization of an infinite number of cardiac planes in sequence. CONCLUSIONS: This novel and simple algorithm can be used to visualize standard fetal echocardiographic planes in normal fetal hearts. The FAST echo algorithm may simplify examination of the fetal heart and could reduce operator dependency. Using this algorithm, inability to obtain expected views or the appearance of abnormal views in the generated planes should raise the index of suspicion for congenital heart disease. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PMID 20878671

2007

Changes in fetal cardiac geometry with gestation: implications for 3- and 4-dimensional fetal echocardiography

J Ultrasound Med. 2007 Apr;26(4):437-43; quiz 444.

Espinoza J, Gotsch F, Kusanovic JP, Gonçalves LF, Lee W, Hassan S, Mittal P, Schoen ML, Romero R. Source Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland/Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Three- and 4-dimensional fetal echocardiography can be performed using novel algorithms. However, these algorithms assume that the spatial relationships among cardiac chambers and great vessels are constant throughout gestation. The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in fetal cardiac geometry occur during gestation. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing 3- and 4-dimensional volume data sets from healthy fetuses obtained between 12 and 41 weeks of gestation. Volume data sets were examined using commercially available software. Parameters measured included angles between: (1) the ductal arch and fetal thoracic aorta; (2) the ductal arch and aortic arch; and (3) the left outflow tract and main pulmonary artery, as seen in the short axis of the heart. The mean angle from the left outflow tract to the short axis was calculated. Nonparametric statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-five fetuses were included in the study. The angle between the ductal arch and the fetal thoracic aorta decreased with gestational age (Spearman rho coefficient: -0.39; P < .001). In contrast, the angle between the ductal arch and aortic arch, and the mean angle between the left outflow tract and the short axis of the heart increased with gestational age (Spearman rho coefficients: 0.45 and 0.40, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Changes in fetal cardiac geometry were shown with advancing gestational age. (2) Proposed algorithms for the examination of the fetal heart with 3-dimensional ultrasonography may need to be adapted to optimize visualization of the standard planes before 26 weeks of gestation.

PMID 17384040

http://www.jultrasoundmed.org/content/26/4/437.full

2000

Biometry of the fetal heart between 10 and 17 weeks of gestation

Fetal Diagn Ther. 2000 Jan-Feb;15(1):20-31.

Gembruch U, Shi C, Smrcek JM. Source Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Assessment of the dimensions of the cardiac chambers and the great arteries in the human fetus may be helpful in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease. The purpose of this prospective cross-sectional study was to compile normative data in fetal cardiac measurements in early pregnancy. The structure of the fetal heart was examined in 136 normal singleton fetuses between 10 and 17 weeks of gestation. METHODS: The transversal heart diameter, both ventricular dimensions, interventricular septal thickness, heart area, heart circumference, thoracic diameter, thoracic circumference and thoracic area were measured in the four-chamber view during diastole. Diameters of the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta were obtained in the short axis and long axis view during systole. Ultrasound examinations were performed with a 5.0-MHz transvaginal and/or transabdominal phased-array sector scanner. RESULTS: The four-chamber view and the cross-over of the pulmonary artery and the aorta were adequately visualized in 44% of the fetuses at 10 weeks of gestation, in 75% at 11 weeks of gestation, in 93% at 12 weeks of gestation and in 100% of the fetuses at 13-17 weeks of gestation. Before 14 weeks of gestation transvaginal sonography was superior to the transabdominal sonography in visualization of the fetal heart and great arteries. After 14 weeks of gestation transabdominal sonography accurately demonstrated the structure of the fetal heart. The ratio of right and left ventricle (RV/LV) and the ratio of the pulmonary trunk and aorta (PT/AO) were constant during this period of gestation (approximately 1.00 and 1. 10, respectively). The ratio of the cardiac and thoracic area showed only a slight increase with advancing gestational age, but with significant correlation. The fetal heart rate showed a slow decrease from 167 to 150 bpm in this period of gestation. The transversal heart diameter, both ventricular dimensions, interventricular septal thickness, heart area, cardiothoracic diameter ratio, aortic diameter and the pulmonary trunk diameter showed a highly significant linear correlation to the gestational age and the biparietal diameter. CONCLUSION: The advancing quality of ultrasound images allows fetal echocardiography in the first and early second trimester. Our normative data could be the basis of studying the development of cardiac structures in congenital heart disease and it might be helpful in the detection of some congenital heart defects in early pregnancy. Copyright 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.

PMID 10705210

Reference ranges for two-dimensional echocardiographic examination of the fetal ductus arteriosus

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Mar;15(3):219-25.

Mielke G, Benda N. Source Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tuebingen, Germany. grmielke@med.uni-tuebingen.de

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To establish reference ranges for 2D-echocardiographic examination of the fetal ductus arteriosus and its relationship to the main pulmonary artery and the aorta. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional echocardiographic study was performed in 222 normal fetuses from 13 to 41 weeks of gestation using high resolution/color Doppler ultrasound equipment. RESULTS: Gestational age-specific reference ranges are given for the diameter of the pulmonary valve anulus, diameter of the ductus arteriosus at its beginning, middle, and end, ductal length, ductal diameter-to-pulmonary valve anulus diameter ratio, and the spatial relationship of the ductus arteriosus to the main pulmonary artery and to the aorta. CONCLUSIONS: The presented data derived from a study group of 222 normal fetuses provide in-vivo insights into the morphology of the ductus arteriosus and its relationship to the adjacent vessels. The reference ranges may be helpful in prenatal diagnosis of cardiac malformations and abnormalities of the ductus arteriosus, such as obstruction or aneurysm from 13 to 41 weeks of gestation.

PMID 10846778