Talk:Jacob's syndrome

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology Jacob's syndrome. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Talk:Jacob%27s_syndrome

2019

Changes in the cohort composition of turner syndrome and severe non-diagnosis of Klinefelter, 47,XXX and 47,XYY syndrome: a nationwide cohort study

Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2019 Jan 14;14(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0976-2.

Berglund A1,2, Viuff MH3,4, Skakkebæk A3,5, Chang S6,7, Stochholm K3,8, Gravholt CH3,4. Author information Abstract BACKGROUND: Knowledge on the prevalence of sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs) is limited, and delayed diagnosis or non-diagnosis of SCAs are a continuous concern. We aimed to investigate change over time in incidence, prevalence and age at diagnosis among Turner syndrome (TS), Klinefelter syndrome (KS), Triple X syndrome (Triple X) and Double Y syndrome (Double Y).

METHODS: This study is a nationwide cohort study in a public health care system. The Danish Cytogenetic Central Registry (DCCR) holds information on all karyotypes performed in Denmark since 1961. We identified all individuals in the DCCR with a relevant SCA during 1961-2014; TS: n = 1156; KS: n = 1235; Triple X: n = 197; and Double Y: n = 287. From Statistics Denmark, which holds an extensive collection of data on the Danish population, complete data concerning dates of death and migrations in and out of Denmark were retrieved for all individuals.

RESULTS: The prevalence among newborns was as follows: TS: 59 per 100,000 females; KS: 57 per 100,000 males; Triple X: 11 per 100,000 females; and Double Y: 18 per 100,000 males. Compared with the expected number among newborns, all TS, 38% of KS, 13% of Triple X, and 18% of Double Y did eventually receive a diagnosis. The incidence of TS with other karyotypes than 45,X (P < 0.0001), KS (P = 0.02), and Double Y (P = 0.03) increased during the study period whereas the incidence of 45,X TS decreased (P = 0.0006). The incidence of Triple X was stable (P = 0.22).

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of TS is higher than previously identified, and the karyotypic composition of the TS population is changing. Non-diagnosis is extensive among KS, Triple X and Double Y, whereas all TS seem to become diagnosed. The diagnostic activity has increased among TS with other karyotypes than 45,X as well as among KS and Double Y.

KEYWORDS: Age at diagnosis; Double Y syndrome; Incidence; Klinefelter syndrome; Prevalence; Triple X syndrome; Turner syndrome PMID: 30642344 PMCID: PMC6332849 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0976-2

Auditory evoked response delays in children with 47,XYY syndrome

Neuroreport. 2019 May 1;30(7):504-509. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001233.

Bloy L1, Ku M1, Edgar JC1, Miller JS2, Blaskey L1,2, Ross J3,4, Roberts TPL1. Author information Abstract 47,XYY syndrome (XYY) is a male sex chromosome disorder where individuals have an X chromosome and two copies of the Y chromosome. XYY is associated with a physical phenotype and carries increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Latencies of auditory evoked responses measured by magnetoencephalography have shown atypical prolongations in several neuropsychiatric and genetic disorders; specifically, delayed auditory responses have been observed in ASD. In this study, we investigated the associations of genotype and clinical phenotype with auditory processing. Whole cortex magnetoencephalography recorded during a passive auditory paradigm (500 Hz tones) was used to assess the auditory evoked response in three groups of male children: idiopathic ASD, typically developing, and XYY boys. Response waveforms were computed for left and right auditory cortex and latencies of the ∼50 ms (M50) and ∼100 ms (M100) components were determined. M50 latencies were significantly delayed compared with typically developing controls in children with ASD in the right hemisphere only, and in children with XYY in the left hemisphere only, irrespective of whether they met diagnostic criteria for ASD. Findings on the later M100 component trended in the same directions but did not attain significance, due to increased variance. Replicating previous findings, decreased M50 and M100 latencies with age were observed bilaterally. Overall, while XYY shares an electrophysiological phenotype (delayed evoked response latency) with idiopathic ASD, the hemispheric differences warrant further investigation.

PMID: 30896674 DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001233

Selective advantage of euploid spermatocytes I in an azoospermic 47,XYY man with gonadal mosaicism

Hum Reprod. 2019 Mar 1;34(3):568-573. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dey387.

Sciurano RB1,2,3, Rahn IM1,2, González Arias B1, Rey Valzacchi G4, Benavente R3, Solari AJ1,2.

Although most XYY men have normal sperm counts and are fertile (supposedly due to the loss of the extra Y before meiosis), there is a minority who are infertile. In these cases, the XYY spermatocytes are able to enter meiosis and form different synaptic configurations. With regard to mosaics, there is scarce well-defined information on the presence of the second Y and its meiotic behaviour. In this study, the chromosome constitution and the synaptic behaviour of pachytene spermatocytes from an azoospermic man with testicular hypotrophy and non-mosaic 47,XYY karyotype were analysed. Furthermore, we determined the chromosome constitution of the somatic Sertoli cells. Five karyotypically normal men with obstructive azoospermia, but having complete spermatogenesis, were included as controls. Immuno-FISH using specific protein markers of synapsis and recombination (SYCP3, SYCP1, BRCA1, MLH1, CREST) and a specific Yq12 DNA probe were used. In addition, we used the newly developed Super-Resolution Structured Illumination Microscopy (SR-SIM) to clearly define the synaptic configurations. FISH analysis was also performed on Sertoli cells. The histopathological analysis showed variable degrees of spermatogenesis development in the testicular tissue of the propositus. Immuno-FISH analysis showed that most of the primary spermatocytes were euploid 46, XY. The use of SR-SIM confirmed the existence of this euploidy. Only a few pachytene spermatocytes showed an aneuploid X + YY constitution. Sertoli cells showed two different populations with one or two Y chromosomes, in similar proportions. Thus an abnormal niche of sex-trisomic Sertoli cells should be also considered when searching for the origin of spermatogenesis failure in XYY men.

© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

KEYWORDS: XYY syndrome; human infertility; immuno-FISH; pachytene spermatocytes; structured illumination microscopy PMID: 30597018 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey387