User talk:Z3462124

Artificial Reproductive Technologies (ART) Ass. Prof. Gilchrist--> womens health and IVF Lab 2

IVF partnership between scientists and doctors -- management of patient and their needs as well as research in labs

Growing industry--> IVF and also research and technical sides

~5 million IVF offspring living today--> arguably greatest medical success stories of our time = an emotional process for couples

AUstralia has and continues to be a pioneer in this areas

Just under a million couples each year. 1/6 Australian couples are treated for infertility--> in 2010 ~3.3% of babies were IVF. IVF hormones cost the PBS ~$100 million/year--> movement out of the private sector. Subsidized by Medicare (a large portion covered- particularly the drugs and ~six rounds of IVF) therefore it is not as expensive in aus.

Marriage of Science Research and Medicine;

Wolrds first IVF baby born in 1978-- Louise Brown-- very controversial- born in cambridge BOB EDWARDS won the Nobel Prize for Medicine for his role in the production of IVF technologies--- extremely controversial (unhealthy children)

Donor Sperm= 1960; poor quality/ no sperm

• artificial insemination

Ovulation induction= 1960

• failure of follicle to ovulate
• One injection of hCG to induce ovulation

Donor Egg= no/ poor quality eggs -->1984

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis= 1988

• diagnosing genetic abnormalities
• ability to remove cystic fibrosis from a family--> are we removing evolution in a Darwinian sense?

Sperm Injection = 1992

• instead of bathing egg in sperm
• 70-80% of all IVF are now CSI
• sperm is injected into the oocyte

Blastocyst Development- 1994

• decades of research of metabolic need of pre-implanatation embryos

Sex selection= 1998

• capacity to sort X or Y bearing chromosome sperm and being able to inseminate based on chromosome
• production of only male or female embryos
• only allowed in aus. based on sex linked diseases

Dolly= 2000

• stem cells, cloning and genetic transfer
• first demonstration of being able to clone an animal
• therefore you can easily clone a human-- the same technology therefore very controversial
• gvmt bodies and regulatory bodies preventing the cloning of humans-- banned in most/all countries (laws restrict drs actions--> no dr is going to break the law)
• problem is-- certain aspects of technology leads to health problems of the embryo

Ovarian reserve testing = 2005

• the ability to approximate the number of oocytes a woman has left
• important due to the increase in average maternal age

OOcyte Freezing, social freezing =2008

• ability to delay child bearing year s

Whole genome screening of embryos= 2013

• shanghai
• examining all the genes in an embryo

Recently= mitochondrial transfer-- three types of genetic material in offspring

• Built on the back of 20 years of animal research

Bovine industry--> freezing of embryos

• allowing freezing of embryos in liquid nitrogen