User talk:Z3462124: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "'''Artificial Reproductive Technologies (ART)''' Ass. Prof. Gilchrist--> womens health and IVF Lab 2 IVF partnership between scientists and doctors -- management of patient...") |
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Lab 2 | Lab 2 | ||
IVF partnership between scientists and doctors -- management of patient and their needs as well as research in labs | *IVF partnership between scientists and doctors -- management of patient and their needs as well as research in labs | ||
*Growing industry--> IVF and also research and technical sides | |||
Growing industry--> IVF and also research and technical sides | *~5 million IVF offspring living today--> arguably greatest medical success stories of our time = an emotional process for couples | ||
*AUstralia has and continues to be a pioneer in this areas | |||
~5 million IVF offspring living today--> arguably greatest medical success stories of our time = an emotional process for couples | |||
AUstralia has and continues to be a pioneer in this areas | |||
Just under a million couples each year. | Just under a million couples each year. | ||
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Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis= 1988 | Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis= 1988 | ||
* diagnosing genetic abnormalities | * diagnosing genetic abnormalities | ||
* ability to remove cystic fibrosis from a family--> are we removing evolution in a Darwinian sense? | * ability to remove cystic fibrosis (single gene following Mendilian ratio- very easy to detect) from a family--> are we removing evolution in a Darwinian sense? | ||
* Very controversial at the time | |||
* 10 embryos--> 5 are carriers; 2.5 are affected and 2.5 are unaffected | |||
* 1 blastomere (cell) is extracted and tested for the disease (once removed and tested the blastocyst is destroyed--- no huge implications for the embryo) | |||
Sperm Injection = 1992 | Sperm Injection = 1992 | ||
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* production of only male or female embryos | * production of only male or female embryos | ||
* only allowed in aus. based on sex linked diseases | * only allowed in aus. based on sex linked diseases | ||
* China-- very high pressure for sex selection= single child policy and a tradition for male children (it is not legal but it does happen) | |||
Dolly= 2000 | Dolly= 2000 | ||
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Bovine industry--> freezing of embryos | Bovine industry--> freezing of embryos | ||
* allowing freezing of embryos in liquid nitrogen | * allowing freezing of embryos in liquid nitrogen | ||
'''IVF''' | |||
1.Ovarian Hyperstimulation--> to generate multiple follicles and oocytes-- stems from animal research | |||
* normally only one follicle reaches ovulation | |||
* ~30 follicles do not make it to ovulation but will also be lost | |||
* Inject patient with FSH (pituitary) promoting the growth of follicles--> tightly controlled by negative feedback of progesterone | |||
* Increase FSH (~10 injections and pituitary down regulation stopping the negative feedback) resulting in ~20 follicles rather than 1 | |||
* Oestrogen produced by follicles granulosa cells-- 20 x more oestrogen produced with the ovulation of 20 follicles resulting in Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome | |||
* Large dose of hCG-- analog to LH-- stimulating maturation of oocyte in the follicle and allowing them to be collected | |||
* LH normally stimulates ovulation | |||
2. Oocyte Pick-up--> originally by laproscopy (through the abdominal wall); ~20 years to trans-vaginal oocyte recovery (ultrasound probe with needle at end inserted into vagina and through the ovary wall-- out-patient procedure, usually under light sedation) | |||
3. Sperm retrieval--> ~90% via masturbation; some by surgery ( problems with ejaculation or low numbers of sperm-- from epidydimis or testes) | |||
* capacitation-- cultured for a few hours | |||
4. IVF | |||
* occurs in a dish | |||
*ICSI-- sperm injection into the oocyte via two glass needles --> guarantees that the sperm gets into the oocyte (practically curing male infertility over night) | |||
* very technical procedure- lots of patients and a growing area of ART | |||
5. Embryo culture | |||
* With 8 cells the embryo can be frozen and transfered into the patient (day 3) | |||
* Blastocyst growth is more common to be transferred into the patient-- higher likelihood for success | |||
6. Transfer of Embryo |
Revision as of 12:55, 14 August 2015
Artificial Reproductive Technologies (ART) Ass. Prof. Gilchrist--> womens health and IVF Lab 2
- IVF partnership between scientists and doctors -- management of patient and their needs as well as research in labs
- Growing industry--> IVF and also research and technical sides
- ~5 million IVF offspring living today--> arguably greatest medical success stories of our time = an emotional process for couples
- AUstralia has and continues to be a pioneer in this areas
Just under a million couples each year. 1/6 Australian couples are treated for infertility--> in 2010 ~3.3% of babies were IVF. IVF hormones cost the PBS ~$100 million/year--> movement out of the private sector. Subsidized by Medicare (a large portion covered- particularly the drugs and ~six rounds of IVF) therefore it is not as expensive in aus.
Marriage of Science Research and Medicine;
Wolrds first IVF baby born in 1978-- Louise Brown-- very controversial- born in cambridge BOB EDWARDS won the Nobel Prize for Medicine for his role in the production of IVF technologies--- extremely controversial (unhealthy children)
Donor Sperm= 1960; poor quality/ no sperm
- artificial insemination
Ovulation induction= 1960
- failure of follicle to ovulate
- One injection of hCG to induce ovulation
Donor Egg= no/ poor quality eggs -->1984
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis= 1988
- diagnosing genetic abnormalities
- ability to remove cystic fibrosis (single gene following Mendilian ratio- very easy to detect) from a family--> are we removing evolution in a Darwinian sense?
- Very controversial at the time
- 10 embryos--> 5 are carriers; 2.5 are affected and 2.5 are unaffected
- 1 blastomere (cell) is extracted and tested for the disease (once removed and tested the blastocyst is destroyed--- no huge implications for the embryo)
Sperm Injection = 1992
- instead of bathing egg in sperm
- 70-80% of all IVF are now CSI
- sperm is injected into the oocyte
Blastocyst Development- 1994
- decades of research of metabolic need of pre-implanatation embryos
Sex selection= 1998
- capacity to sort X or Y bearing chromosome sperm and being able to inseminate based on chromosome
- production of only male or female embryos
- only allowed in aus. based on sex linked diseases
- China-- very high pressure for sex selection= single child policy and a tradition for male children (it is not legal but it does happen)
Dolly= 2000
- stem cells, cloning and genetic transfer
- first demonstration of being able to clone an animal
- therefore you can easily clone a human-- the same technology therefore very controversial
- gvmt bodies and regulatory bodies preventing the cloning of humans-- banned in most/all countries (laws restrict drs actions--> no dr is going to break the law)
- problem is-- certain aspects of technology leads to health problems of the embryo
Ovarian reserve testing = 2005
- the ability to approximate the number of oocytes a woman has left
- important due to the increase in average maternal age
OOcyte Freezing, social freezing =2008
- ability to delay child bearing year s
Whole genome screening of embryos= 2013
- shanghai
- examining all the genes in an embryo
Recently= mitochondrial transfer-- three types of genetic material in offspring
- Built on the back of 20 years of animal research
Bovine industry--> freezing of embryos
- allowing freezing of embryos in liquid nitrogen
IVF
1.Ovarian Hyperstimulation--> to generate multiple follicles and oocytes-- stems from animal research
- normally only one follicle reaches ovulation
- ~30 follicles do not make it to ovulation but will also be lost
- Inject patient with FSH (pituitary) promoting the growth of follicles--> tightly controlled by negative feedback of progesterone
- Increase FSH (~10 injections and pituitary down regulation stopping the negative feedback) resulting in ~20 follicles rather than 1
- Oestrogen produced by follicles granulosa cells-- 20 x more oestrogen produced with the ovulation of 20 follicles resulting in Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
- Large dose of hCG-- analog to LH-- stimulating maturation of oocyte in the follicle and allowing them to be collected
- LH normally stimulates ovulation
2. Oocyte Pick-up--> originally by laproscopy (through the abdominal wall); ~20 years to trans-vaginal oocyte recovery (ultrasound probe with needle at end inserted into vagina and through the ovary wall-- out-patient procedure, usually under light sedation)
3. Sperm retrieval--> ~90% via masturbation; some by surgery ( problems with ejaculation or low numbers of sperm-- from epidydimis or testes)
- capacitation-- cultured for a few hours
4. IVF
- occurs in a dish
- ICSI-- sperm injection into the oocyte via two glass needles --> guarantees that the sperm gets into the oocyte (practically curing male infertility over night)
- very technical procedure- lots of patients and a growing area of ART
5. Embryo culture
- With 8 cells the embryo can be frozen and transfered into the patient (day 3)
- Blastocyst growth is more common to be transferred into the patient-- higher likelihood for success
6. Transfer of Embryo