User talk:Z3251292

endocrine organ

PMID 26362096

ETM transition

PMID 20943648 PMID 21559368 PMID 21447558

Talk

• Timeline of The artificial reproductive technology revolution

• 1984 donor egg pregnancies
• 1984 frozen embryos
• 1960 Ovulation induction
• 1960 Donor sperm
• 1978 IVF
• 1988 Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
• 1992 Sperm injection
• 1994 Blastocyst development
• 1998 Reliable sperm sex selection
• 2000 Stem cells and cloning and gene transfer
• 2005 Ovarian reserve testing
• 2008 Oocyte freezing, social freezing
• 2013 Whole genome screening of embryos

• Process of IVF

• Ovarian hyperstimulation
  • two phase during menstrual cycle: lacteal phase and follicular phase
  • About 30 Follicles grows to large size in every mentrual cycle, but only one survived to the ovulation.
  • FSH drove the growth of follicles, also control the growth of follicles (pituitary down regulation), used to stimulate the mature of multiple follicles (10-30).
  • Estrogen....
  • Monitoring by transvirgena ultrasound.
  • LH containing hormones injected to women to stimulate ovulation.

• Ooocyte Pick-Up(OPU)
• Sperm retrieval via ejaculation or surgery
• In Vitro Fertilisation
  • intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

• • Embryo culture

• • day1- form Zygote
  • day3- divide to 8 blastomeres
  • day5- frozen, and transfer to uterus
• Transfer of the embryo(s)

• New technologies
  • Preimplantation genetic diagnosis(PGD) of embryo. eg, fibrosis-premature death
    • Embryo Biopsy for PGD
    • analysis of blastomeres for PGD
      • FISH
      • PCR
    • What to be detected in an embryo
      • Aneuploidy
      • trisomy 21
      • translocations
      • single gene defects(eg cystic fibrosis)
  • Ovarian reserve and the natural cycle
    • blood test measure hormones(AMH, AFC)
    • Egg banking ('social freezing')
  • Fertility preservation for cancer
  • Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM)
    • putting oocytes in vitro and culture 24 hours before IVF (Complex medium , protein, FSH, EGF, LH, E2 cysteamine)
    • comparing to conventional IVF, no Hormones required to give to mother for the maturation of oocyte.