User:Z3331469
Lab Attendance
--Z3331469 12:55, 28 July 2011 (EST)
--Z3331469 12:37, 4 August 2011 (EST)
--z3331469 11:06, 11 August 2011 (EST)
--z3331469 12:29, 25 August 2011 (EST)
--z3331469 12:42, 1 September 2011 (EST)
Lab 1 Assessment
1. Identify the origin of In Vitro Fertilization and the 2010 nobel prize winner associated with this technique.
In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) is one form of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) used to treat infertility. It involves the fertilisation of the egg cell by the sperm outside of the human body; hence the term in vitro meaning within glass referring to a laboratory environment where analysis of the study may take place. [1] The first so-called "test tube baby" was born on July 25, 1978. [2] This achievement was attributed to the work of Patrick Steptoe and Robert Geoffrey Edwards with Edwards being awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of in vitro fertilisation. [3]
2. Identify a recent paper on fertilisation and describe its key findings.
Key findings of this paper include:
Cryopreserving embryos at the zygote stage was associated with lower survival rates and lower implantation rates compared with freezing at the blastocyst stage
Growing embryos to the blastocyst stage prior to cryopreservation was associated with a decrease in the total number of embryos cryopreserved, although chances of achieving pregnancy when doing this did not change
Significantly more D3 embryos and blastocysts survived the thawing process compared to zygotes and significantly higher implantation rate per number of thawed blastocysts was achieved than that for zygotes.
3. Identify 2 congenital anomalies.
A congenital anomaly can be defined as a physical abnormality of a baby which is present at birth. One congenital anomaly, anencephaly, is "characterised by the total or partial absence of the cranial vault, the covering skin, and the brain missing or reduced to a small mass". Another congenital anomaly, microtia, is "characterised by absent parts of the pinna (with or without atresia of the ear canal)". The severity of this anomaly is graded from I-IV, grade IV representing complete absence of the pinna.[4]
--Mark Hill 10:11, 3 August 2011 (EST) You still need to answer the second question before Lab 2 this week.
Lab 2 Assessment
1. Identify the ZP protein that spermatozoa binds and how is this changed (altered) after fertilisation.
Zona Pellucida Protein 3 (ZP3) allows spermatozoa to bind to the oocyte during fertilisation. Following fertilisation and the resulting acrosome reaction, calcium levels are increased, depolarising the plasma membrane, preventing the binding of other spermatozoa.
2. Identify a review and a research article related to your group topic. (Paste on both group discussion page with signature and on your own page)
Research Review: Williams syndrome: a critical review of the cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomical phenotype. [5]
Article: Elevated Ambulatory Blood Pressure in 20 Subjects With Williams Syndrome [6]
--z3331469 10:15, 11 August 2011 (EST)
Lab 3 Assessment
1. What is the maternal dietary requirement for late neural development?
2. Upload a picture relating to you group project. Add to both the Group discussion and your online assessment page. Image must be renamed appropriately, citation on "Summary" window with link to original paper and copyright information. As outlined in the Practical class tutorial.
Lab 4 Assessment
1. The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?
The allantois is continuous with the hind-gut
2. Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.
Ductus arteriosus - located between the pulmonary artery and the aortic arch
Ductus venosus - located between the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava
Foramen ovale - located between the left and right atria
3. Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching.
Genetic Factors, Associated Medical Conditions: Renal Abnormalities, Epidemiology, Management/Treatment, Specialised Facilities/Supportive Associations, Case Studies, Interesting Facts, Current Research and Developments.
--z3331469 10:45, 25 August 2011 (EST)
Lab 5 Assessment
Which side (L/R) is most common for diaphragmatic hernia and why?
The left side is the most common side for congenital diaphragmatic hernias
Lab 6 Assessment
1. What week of development do the palatal shelves fuse?
The palatal shelves fuse in Week 9.
2. What early animal model helped elucidate the neural crest origin and migration of neural crest cells?
The chicken embryo model helped elucidate the neural crest origin and migration of neural crest cells.
3. What abnormality results from neural crest not migrating into the cardiac outflow tract?
Tetralogy of Fallot results from neural crest cells not migrating into the cardiac outflow tract. Truncation of the outflow tract may result because of this. This was shown in a study using quail-chick chimeras. [7]
Lab 7 Assessment
1. Are satellite cells (a) necessary for muscle hypertrophy and (b) generally involved in hypertrophy?
2. Why does chronic low frequency stimulation cause a fast to slow fibre type shift?
Trisomy 21 Assessment
Introduction
- Lacks structure. Some of the detail included could belong in a separate sub-heading such as ‘Epidemiology’ or ‘Genetic Characteristics’.
- Definition of ‘Aneuploidy’ belongs in the glossary, not in the introduction sub-heading.
- Link to increased genetic risk with maternal age belongs in a subheading of its own such as ‘Associated Factors’ or ‘Contributing Factors’
The image provided to the right of the introduction has no copyright statement and also has no description provided.
Some Recent Findings
- This sub-heading could be worded a bit better, ‘Recent Findings’ would be more suitable
- The explanations of the studies are not directly addressing the audience. Explanations are just quotes from the abstracts of the various studies mentioned. There is no element of explaining the studies in order to teach at a peer level.
Trisomy 21 Karyotypes
- No explanation of image and no copyright statement provided.
Associated Congenital Abnormalities
- This is a good start to the section but each dot point needs further depth and explanation. Further referencing is required and formatting must be attended to.
Heart Defects/Limb Defects
- Links provided here are helpful, although I think it would be suitable to have some form of description of each of the defects on this page.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Recommendations
- This should not be a sub-heading, the information found here should be under headings such as ‘Diagnosis’, ‘Management’ or ‘Screening’
Meiosis I and Meiosis II
- This should not be a sub-heading, it might better be suited to a headings such as ‘Recent Findings’ or ‘Associated Research’
Aneuploidy
- Again, this belongs in the glossary and should not be a sub-heading
Growth Charts
- Further description and explanation required.
