User:Z3289066

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Lab 4 Online Assessment

1. The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?
2. Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.
3. Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching. (Add to project page and your individual assessment page)

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Lab Attendance

--Z3289066 12:21, 28 July 2011 (EST)

--z3289066 12:53, 4 August 2011 (EST)

--z3289066 11:09, 11 August 2011 (EST)

--Elisabeth Karsten 11:28, 18 August 2011 (EST)

--Elisabeth Karsten 11:07, 25 August 2011 (EST)

--Elisabeth Karsten 11:11, 1 September 2011 (EST)

--Elisabeth Karsten 11:08, 15 September 2011 (EST)

Labs

Lab One

Identify the origin of In Vitro Fertilization and the 2010 nobel prize winner associated with this technique.

The first incidence of in vitro fertilization was in 1978 by Edwards RG. et al. who then received the nobel prize for his work in 2010. Since then, work in in vitro fertilisation has extended into Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) which now incorporates 17 different techniques.

Identify a recent paper on fertilisation and describe its key findings.

This paper refers to research concerning sperm chemotoxis and it's 'journey' to the oocyte and consequential fertilisation. It describes the selective process involved in fertilisation and the potential of the involvement of fluid shear in this selection.

Identify 2 congenital anomalies.

• Dandy–Walker syndrome - This is a congential brain malformation which is associated with the partial or complete absence of part of the brain, often involving the cerebellum.
• Amniotic band syndrome - This involves the constriction of the limbs by the amniotic band potentially resulting in swelling of limbs, constriction or amputation.

Lab Two

Identify the zona pellucida protein that spermatozoa binds and how is this changed (altered) after fertilization.

The sperm binds to the receptor Zona Pellucida Protein 3 (ZP3) on the zona pellucida which is surrounding the oocyte. This is necessary for entry into the oocyte, and thus fertilisation. After fertilisation, the membrane is depolarised as a primary block to polyspermy. The IP3 pathway is activated, leading to an increase in intraceullar calcium and altering ZP3, so that it will no longer binds sperm to the membrane and acting as another block to polyspermy.

Identify a review and a research article related to your group topic. (Paste on both group discussion page with signature and on your own page)

Klinefelter Syndrome

Lab Three

What is the maternal dietary requirement for late neural development?

Folate is essential for late neural development. Its use has been associated with a decrease in neural tube defects. These defects include spina bifida which results from a lack of neural tube closure, or anencephaly which is the result of a lack of cranial neural tube closure.

Upload a picture relating to you group project.

Average IQ of people suffering from Klinefelter's Syndrome

Lab Four

The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?

The allantois is continuous with the hind gut (and endoderm) of the embryo.

Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.

• Ductus venosus - this is situated between the umbilical view and inferior vena cava
• Ductus arteriosus - this is situated between the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta
• Foramen ovale - this is situated between the right and left artium

Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching. (Add to project page and your individual assessment page)

• Introduction
• Treatment/Management
• Current Research

Lab Five

Which side (L/R) is most common for diaphragmatic hernia and why?

The left side is most common (90%) for diaphragmatic hernia's to occur. This is due to uneven diaphragm closure during embryonic development. The left side of the diaphragm tends to close after the right side, and so the risk of herniation here is much greater.

Lab Six

What week of development do the palatal shelves fuse?

The palatal shelves fuse during week 9, this is also known as fusion of the secondary palate.

What early animal model helped elucidate the neural crest origin and migration of neural crest cells?

Quail-chick chimeras were used in the 1980s to investigate neural crest migration, this utilised the differences in the nucleoli of chicks and quails.

'What abnormality results from neural crest not migrating into the cardiac outflow tract?

This is known as a 'Tetralogy of Fallot', this can result in truncation of the outflow tract, or even its complete abscence.

Lab Seven

Are satellite cells (a) necessary for muscle hypertrophy and (b) generally involved in hypertrophy?

(a) It seems that satellite cells are not necessary for muscle hypertrophy. It was shown that satellite cell-depleted muscle could still undergo hypertrophy. After 2 weeks, it showed the same increase in muscle mass, in satellite cell positive muscle and satellite cell depleted muscle.

(b) Satellite cells are necessary for new fiber formation and regeneration. In normal muscle, satellite cells definitely contribute to the process of hypertrophy, it is just not necessary.

Why does chronic low frequency stimulation cause a fast to slow fiber type shift?

This type shift has been associated with an increase in myoneuclear content and satellite cell activiation.

Trisomy 21 Critique

• I quite like the incorporated links that take you directly to the glossary, nice effect.
• The list of links at the end of the introduction doesn’t flow very nicely. I like the idea, but maybe if you move them to the top of the page or even the bottom it would fit better.
• The introduction could do with a bit more information and correspondence to the rest of the project.
• The section “Some Recent Findings” would probably be better just titled “Recent Findings”, it sounds more professional. This section would also fit better at the end of the page after we know all the details of the disorder. It is too difficult to jump straight into these specifics. Also, it is a good idea, but instead of using direct quotes from the paper, a succinct summary of the research would be better. That way you could refer back to the entire page.
• How does karyotyping work?
• Can you elaborate on the section “associated abnormalities”? The setting is a little confusing, what disorders are you referring to? Why are they similar? Or are these a list of signs and symptoms? If so, why are they associated with the addition of an extra chromosome 21?
• Instead of linking to the glossary, why not try to incorporate some of this information into the text?
• Interesting information, but some of these topics can be incorporated together, ie “limb defects” and “heart defects”. Or else, add more information in each, it looks a little sparse.
• There is no copyright information on the picture of ‘John Langdon Down’.
• I like the idea of prevalence, this is important to give perspective to the disorder, but a more worldwide distribution would be good instead of just Ireland and USA.
• The table in “screening” looks really good, but another column or something describing the screening techniques and details involved would be really good. The information in “novel screening strategies” sounds interesting but there needs to be more.
• Interesting diagram for SNP screening.
• “Screening by country” really should reference a few more countries than just spain.
• A glossary situated directly on the page would be good, as opposed to some links to an outside glossary, and other terms defined in text ie in the “aneuploidy” section.
• The topic and a lot of the work sounds very interesting and has the potential for a fantastic project, just a bit more content and better structured sub-headings needs to added and revised.

References

--Mark Hill 00:40, 30 July 2011 (EST) Well done, you do remember some of cell biology online work. Since you have completed this online work before, perhaps you will also be able to help the students new to this format.