Template:Placenta terms: Difference between revisions
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* '''after-birth''' - term used to describe the delivery of placenta and placental membranes following birth of the child. | |||
* '''allantois''' - An [[E#extraembryonic_membrane|extraembryonic membrane]], [[E#endoderm|endoderm]] in origin extension from the early hindgut, then cloaca into the connecting stalk of [[P#placenta|placental]] animals, connected to the superior end of developing bladder. In reptiles and birds, acts as a reservoir for wastes and mediates gas exchange. In mammals is associated/incorporated with connecting stalk/placental cord fetal-maternal interface. | * '''allantois''' - An [[E#extraembryonic_membrane|extraembryonic membrane]], [[E#endoderm|endoderm]] in origin extension from the early hindgut, then cloaca into the connecting stalk of [[P#placenta|placental]] animals, connected to the superior end of developing bladder. In reptiles and birds, acts as a reservoir for wastes and mediates gas exchange. In mammals is associated/incorporated with connecting stalk/placental cord fetal-maternal interface. | ||
* '''anastomosis''' - Term used to describe the connection between two tubes. Applied to describe the connection between peripheral blood vessels without an intervening capillary bed. | * '''anastomosis''' - Term used to describe the connection between two tubes. Applied to describe the connection between peripheral blood vessels without an intervening capillary bed. | ||
* '''angioblasts''' form clusters or blood islands on surface of yolk sac. | |||
* '''angiogenesis''' - Term describing the development of new vessels from already existing vessels, this process is secondary to vasculogenesis which is the initial formation of first blood vessels by differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells (extraembryonic mesoderm). | * '''angiogenesis''' - Term describing the development of new vessels from already existing vessels, this process is secondary to vasculogenesis which is the initial formation of first blood vessels by differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells (extraembryonic mesoderm). | ||
* '''capsularis''' - portion of maternal decidua that covers the conceptus facing towards the uterine cavity. | |||
* '''chorioamnionitis''' - (CA) An intraamniotic puerperal infection described as having 3 forms: histologic, clinical (clinical chorioamnionitis, IAI), and subclinical. Intraamniotic infection is a common (2-4%) event in labor and the systemic inflammatory response can also lead to preterm birth and neonatal complications. | * '''chorioamnionitis''' - (CA) An intraamniotic puerperal infection described as having 3 forms: histologic, clinical (clinical chorioamnionitis, IAI), and subclinical. Intraamniotic infection is a common (2-4%) event in labor and the systemic inflammatory response can also lead to preterm birth and neonatal complications. | ||
* '''chorion''' - The [[E#extraembryonic_membrane|extraembryonic membrane]] generated from [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] and extraembryonic mesoderm that forms [[P#placenta|placenta]]. chorion and [[A#amnion|amnion]] are made by the somatopleure. The chorion becomes incorporated into placental development. The avian and reptilian chorion lies beside the egg shell and allows gas exchange. | * '''chorion''' - The [[E#extraembryonic_membrane|extraembryonic membrane]] generated from [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] and extraembryonic mesoderm that forms [[P#placenta|placenta]]. chorion and [[A#amnion|amnion]] are made by the somatopleure. The chorion becomes incorporated into placental development. The avian and reptilian chorion lies beside the egg shell and allows gas exchange. | ||
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* '''chorionic villus sampling''' - (CVS) The taking a biopsy of the [[P#placenta|placenta]], usually at the end of the second month of pregnancy, to test the [[F#fetus|fetus]] for genetic abnormalities. | * '''chorionic villus sampling''' - (CVS) The taking a biopsy of the [[P#placenta|placenta]], usually at the end of the second month of pregnancy, to test the [[F#fetus|fetus]] for genetic abnormalities. | ||
* '''coelocentesis''' - A sampling of extracoelomic fluid usually for an early prenatal diagnostic technique. | * '''coelocentesis''' - A sampling of extracoelomic fluid usually for an early prenatal diagnostic technique. | ||
* '''connecting stalk''' - the original extra-embryonic mesoderm structure attaching the embryonic disc to the chorion. The placental blood vessels form within this structure. | |||
* '''cord blood''' - (human umbilical cord blood, HUCB) A term used to describe blood collected from the [[P#placenta|placenta]] usually after birth. Has been identified as a source of stem cells with potential therapeutic uses and is stored in Cord Blood Banks throughout the world. | * '''cord blood''' - (human umbilical cord blood, HUCB) A term used to describe blood collected from the [[P#placenta|placenta]] usually after birth. Has been identified as a source of stem cells with potential therapeutic uses and is stored in Cord Blood Banks throughout the world. | ||
* '''cord knotting''' Term describing umbilical or placental cord knotting. This occurs in about 1% prevents the passage of placental blood, pseudoknots also occur usually with no effect. | * '''cord knotting''' Term describing umbilical or placental cord knotting. This occurs in about 1% prevents the passage of placental blood, pseudoknots also occur usually with no effect. | ||
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* '''decidual cell''' - The uterine stromal cells (fibroblast-like) that differentiate in response to both steroid hormones (progesterone) and embryonic signals. These cells then alter uterine environment to support further embryonic development as well as producing cytokines related to prolactin (PRL) and have an innate immune function. | * '''decidual cell''' - The uterine stromal cells (fibroblast-like) that differentiate in response to both steroid hormones (progesterone) and embryonic signals. These cells then alter uterine environment to support further embryonic development as well as producing cytokines related to prolactin (PRL) and have an innate immune function. | ||
* '''decidualization''' - (decidualisation) The process by which uterine stromal cells differentiate in response to both steroid hormones and embryonic signals into large epitheliod decidual cells. This process is essential for the progress of implantation and establishing fetal-maternal communication. | * '''decidualization''' - (decidualisation) The process by which uterine stromal cells differentiate in response to both steroid hormones and embryonic signals into large epitheliod decidual cells. This process is essential for the progress of implantation and establishing fetal-maternal communication. | ||
* '''fetal drug addiction''' - occurs when drugs used maternally cross the placental barrier and can establish addiction in the unborn fetus. | |||
* '''fetal erythroblastosis''' - (Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn) A clinical term describing an immune response between fetal and maternal blood groups; from fetus Rh+ / maternal Rh-. The leakage of blood from fetus, particularly at birth, causes maternal anti-Rh antibodies, which is then dangerous for a 2nd or future pregnancies. | * '''fetal erythroblastosis''' - (Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn) A clinical term describing an immune response between fetal and maternal blood groups; from fetus Rh+ / maternal Rh-. The leakage of blood from fetus, particularly at birth, causes maternal anti-Rh antibodies, which is then dangerous for a 2nd or future pregnancies. | ||
* '''fibrinoid layer''' - ([[N#Nitabuch's layer|Nitabuch's layer]]) A layer formed at maternal/fetal interface during [[P#placenta|placentation]] and is thought to act to prevent excessively deep conceptus implantation. Fibrin-type fibrinoid (maternal blood-clot product) and matrix-type fibrinoid (secreted by invasive extravillous [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] cells). | * '''fibrinoid layer''' - ([[N#Nitabuch's layer|Nitabuch's layer]]) A layer formed at maternal/fetal interface during [[P#placenta|placentation]] and is thought to act to prevent excessively deep conceptus implantation. Fibrin-type fibrinoid (maternal blood-clot product) and matrix-type fibrinoid (secreted by invasive extravillous [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] cells). | ||
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* '''syncytiotrophoblast''' - A multinucleated cell currently thought to form by the fusion of another [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] cell the [[C#cytotrophoblast|cytotrophoblasts]], within the [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] layer (shell) of the implanting [[C#conceptus|conceptus]]. In early development, these cells mediate implantation of the conceptus into the uterine wall and secrete the hormone ([[C#human_chorionic_gonadotrophin|human Chorionic Gonadotrophin]], hCG) responsible for feedback maintainance of the corpus luteum (in maternal [[O#ovary|ovary]]) and therefore maintaining early pregnancy. | * '''syncytiotrophoblast''' - A multinucleated cell currently thought to form by the fusion of another [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] cell the [[C#cytotrophoblast|cytotrophoblasts]], within the [[T#trophoblast|trophoblast]] layer (shell) of the implanting [[C#conceptus|conceptus]]. In early development, these cells mediate implantation of the conceptus into the uterine wall and secrete the hormone ([[C#human_chorionic_gonadotrophin|human Chorionic Gonadotrophin]], hCG) responsible for feedback maintainance of the corpus luteum (in maternal [[O#ovary|ovary]]) and therefore maintaining early pregnancy. | ||
* '''tertiary villi''' - (tertiary chorionic villi) Term describing the final stage of embryonic placenta development. In humans, the conceptus after week 3 the [[C#chorion|chorionic]] [[S#secondary villi|secondary villi]] now develop placental blood vessels within the core [[E#extraembryonic mesoderm|extraembryonic mesoderm]]. The villi form finger-like extensions that are either [[A#anchoring chorionic villi|anchoring chorionic villi]] attached to the maternal decidua or [[F#floating chorionic villi|floating chorionic villi]] in maternal lacunae. The villi stages are ongoing as the placenta continues to grow through both the embryonic and fetal development. '''Placental villi stages:''' [[P#primary villi|primary villi]] - [[S#secondary villi|secondary villi]] - [[T#tertiary villi|tertiary villi]] | * '''tertiary villi''' - (tertiary chorionic villi) Term describing the final stage of embryonic placenta development. In humans, the conceptus after week 3 the [[C#chorion|chorionic]] [[S#secondary villi|secondary villi]] now develop placental blood vessels within the core [[E#extraembryonic mesoderm|extraembryonic mesoderm]]. The villi form finger-like extensions that are either [[A#anchoring chorionic villi|anchoring chorionic villi]] attached to the maternal decidua or [[F#floating chorionic villi|floating chorionic villi]] in maternal lacunae. The villi stages are ongoing as the placenta continues to grow through both the embryonic and fetal development. '''Placental villi stages:''' [[P#primary villi|primary villi]] - [[S#secondary villi|secondary villi]] - [[T#tertiary villi|tertiary villi]] | ||
* '''umbilical cord''' (placental cord) fetal attachment cord 1-2 cm diameter, 30-90cm long, covered with amniotic attached to chorionic plate, umbilical vessels (artery, vein) branch into chorionic vessels. Vessels anastomose within the placenta. | |||
* '''vasculogenesis''' - formation of first blood vessels by differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells (extraembryonic mesoderm) followed by angiogenesis which is the development of new vessels from already existing vessels. | |||
* '''villi''' - Plural of villus, which is a thin projection from a surface. The term in development is used to describe the individual functional units together of the fetal [[P#placenta|placenta]]. | * '''villi''' - Plural of villus, which is a thin projection from a surface. The term in development is used to describe the individual functional units together of the fetal [[P#placenta|placenta]]. | ||
* '''virus''' - small infectious agents that may cross the placental barrier. Can infect embryo and/or placenta and cause developmental abnormalities. (e.g. cytomegalovirus, rubella, measles). | |||
* '''Wharton's jelly''' - [[P#placental cord|Placental cord]] (umbilical cord) gelatinous connective tissue composed of myofibroblast-like stromal cells, collagen fibers, and proteoglycans. Increases in volume (myxomatous, connective tissue embedded in mucus) at parturition (birth) to assist closure of placental blood vessels. Matrix cells from Wharton's jelly have recently been identified as a potential source of [[M#mesenchymal stem cell|mesenchymal stem cells]] (MSC), also called mesenchymal stromal cell. This placental cord substance is named after Thomas Wharton (1614-1673) an English physician and anatomist who first described this placental tissue. | * '''Wharton's jelly''' - [[P#placental cord|Placental cord]] (umbilical cord) gelatinous connective tissue composed of myofibroblast-like stromal cells, collagen fibers, and proteoglycans. Increases in volume (myxomatous, connective tissue embedded in mucus) at parturition (birth) to assist closure of placental blood vessels. Matrix cells from Wharton's jelly have recently been identified as a potential source of [[M#mesenchymal stem cell|mesenchymal stem cells]] (MSC), also called mesenchymal stromal cell. This placental cord substance is named after Thomas Wharton (1614-1673) an English physician and anatomist who first described this placental tissue. | ||
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{{Terms lists}}<noinclude>[[Category:Placenta]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Glossary]][[Category:Template]]</noinclude> | {{Terms lists}}<noinclude>[[Category:Placenta]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Glossary]][[Category:Template]]</noinclude> |
Revision as of 14:49, 22 August 2016
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