Template:Lower limb ossification table
From Embryology
| Table Of Ossification Of The Bones Of The Inferior Extremity | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (Days and weeks refer to the prenatal, years to the postnatal period.) | |||
| Bone | Centres | Time of appearance of centre | Time of fusion: general remarks |
| Os coxae | Os ilium | 56th day (Mall) | The rami of the ischium and the pubis are united by bone in the 7th or 8th year (Quain) ( 12-14 year Sappey). In the acetabulum the three hip bones are separated by a Y-shaped cartilage until after puberty. In this cartilage between the ilium and pubis the "os acetabuli" appears between the ninth and twelfth years. This bone, variable in size, forms a greater or less part of the pubic portion of the articular cavity. Leche (1884). Krause (1885), and many others consider it primarily an independent bone. About puberty between the ilium and ischium and over the acetabular surfaces of these bones small irregular epiphyseal centres appear. The os acetabuli becomes imited to the pubic bone about puberty and soon afterwards the acetabular portions of the ilium and ischium and the ischium and pubis begin to become united by bone. The acetabular portions of the pubis and ilium are unite a little later. Osseous union takes place earlier on the pelvic than on the articular surface of the acetabulum. The union of the several primary centres and the epiphyses is usually completed about the twentieth year. |
| Os ischii | 105th day (Mall) | ||
| Os pubis | 4th to 5th fetal month | ||
| Os acetabuli. | 9th to 12th year | ||
| Epiphyses:
Those of the acetabulum |
Soon after puberty | ||
| Crest of ilium | Soon after puberty | Fuses with main bone 20th to 25th year | |
| Tuberosity of ischium | Soon after puberty | Fusion begins in the 17th year and is completed between the 20th and 24th years (Sappey) | |
| Ischial spine | Soon after puberty | 18th to 20th year (Poirier). | |
| Ant. inf. spine of ilium | Soon after puberty | 18th to 20th year (Poirier) | |
| Symphysis end of os pubis (1 or 2 centres) | 18th to 20th year (Sappey) | After the 20th year | |
| Femur | Diaphysis | 43d day (Mall) | |
| Epiphyses:
Distal end |
Shortly before birth (See table footer - Poirier) | 20th to 24th year | |
| Head | 1st year | 18th to 19th year | |
| Great trochanter | 3d to 4th year (Osseous granules soon after birth, (Poirier) | 18th year | |
| Small trochanter | 13th to 14th year
8th year (Sappey) |
17th year (Quain)
Proximal epiphysis 18th to 22d year (Poirier) | |
| Patella | 3d to 5th year | The osseous patella reaches its definitive form soon before puberty | |
| Tibia | Diaphysis | 44th day (Mall) | |
| Epiphyses:
Proximal end |
About birth | 19th to 24th year (Sappey) | |
| Distal end | 2d year | 16th to 19th year | |
| Tubercle (occas.) | 13th year | Fuses with epiphysis of the proximal end and then with this to the diaphysis | |
| Fibula | Diaphysis | 55th day (Mall). | |
| Epiphyses:
Distal end |
2d year | 20th to 22d year | |
| Proximal end | 3d to 5th year | 22d to 24th year | |
| Calcaneus | Chief centre | 6th fetal month | The chief nucleus is endochondral. A periosteal nucleus appears frequently in the 4-5 fetal month (Hasselwander) |
| Epiphysis (distal end) | 10th year (Quain)
7th-8th year ( Sappey) |
15th-16th year (Quain)
16th-18th year (Poirier) M 17-21, average 20 years F 13-17, average 16 years (Hasselwander) | |
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