Template:Cell Division terms: Difference between revisions
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! Cell Division Terms | ! Cell Division Terms (expand to view) | ||
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| | | {{Meiosis}} | {{Mitosis}} | ||
* '''anaphase''' - (Greek, ''ana'' = up, again) Mitosis term referring to the fourth stage, where the paired chromatids now separate and migrate to spindle poles. This is followed by telophase. | * '''anaphase''' - (Greek, ''ana'' = up, again) Mitosis term referring to the fourth stage, where the paired chromatids now separate and migrate to spindle poles. This is followed by telophase. | ||
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* '''haploid''' - (Greek, haploos = single) Having a single set of chromosomes (n) as in mature germ/sex cells ({{oocyte}}, {{spermatozoa}}) following reductive cell division by {{meiosis}}. Normally cells are diploid, containing 2 sets of chromosomes. Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. | * '''haploid''' - (Greek, haploos = single) Having a single set of chromosomes (n) as in mature germ/sex cells ({{oocyte}}, {{spermatozoa}}) following reductive cell division by {{meiosis}}. Normally cells are diploid, containing 2 sets of chromosomes. Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. | ||
* '''heteroplasmy''' - presence of more than one type of organellar genome. In humans this can refer to variations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). | * '''heteroplasmy''' - presence of more than one type of organellar genome. In humans this can refer to variations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). (More? [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26281784 PMID 26281784]) | ||
* '''homologous chromosomes''' - meiosis term for the two matching (maternal and one paternal) chromosomes that align during meiosis I. | * '''homologous chromosomes''' - meiosis term for the two matching (maternal and one paternal) chromosomes that align during meiosis I. | ||
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* '''mitochondrial DNA''' - (mtDNA) multiple copies of a small circular DNA molecule located within the mitochondria matrix. In humans 16,568 bp in length containing 37 genes, originally inherited only from the oocyte (maternal inheritance). | * '''mitochondrial DNA''' - (mtDNA) multiple copies of a small circular DNA molecule located within the mitochondria matrix. In humans 16,568 bp in length containing 37 genes, originally inherited only from the oocyte (maternal inheritance). | ||
* '''{{mitosis}}''' - (M phase) The normal division of all cells, except germ cells, where chromosome number is maintained (diploid). In germ cell division (oocyte, spermatozoa) | * '''{{mitosis}}''' - (M phase) The normal division of all cells, except germ cells, where chromosome number is maintained (diploid). In germ cell division ({{oocyte}}, {{spermatozoa}}) {{meiosis}} is a modified form of this division resulting in reduction in genetic content (haploid). Mitosis, division of the nucleus, is followed by [[C#cytokinesis|cytokinesis]] the division of the cell cytoplasm and the cytoplasmic contents. [[C#cytokinesis|cytokinesis]] overlaps with [[T#telophase|telophase]]. | ||
* '''p''' - chromosome short arm (possibly French, ''petit'') and used along with chromosome and band number to indicate genes located on this arm of the chromosome. The chromosome long arm is identified as q (possibly French, tall) chosen as next letter in alphabet after p. These chromosomal arms are only seen when the chromosome is folded for cell division. | * '''p''' - chromosome short arm (possibly French, ''petit'') and used along with chromosome and band number to indicate genes located on this arm of the chromosome. The chromosome long arm is identified as q (possibly French, tall) chosen as next letter in alphabet after p. These chromosomal arms are only seen when the chromosome is folded for cell division. | ||
* '''{{polar body}}''' - a small cytoplasmic exclusion body containing the excess DNA formed during the oocyte {{meiosis}} cycle and following {{spermatozoa}} {{fertilization}}. | |||
* '''polar microtubule''' - spindle apparatus microtubule (MT) that can arise from either pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart. The other spindle types are astral and kinetochore microtubules. | * '''polar microtubule''' - spindle apparatus microtubule (MT) that can arise from either pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart. The other spindle types are astral and kinetochore microtubules. |
Latest revision as of 22:14, 9 December 2019
Cell Division Terms (expand to view) | ||
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meiosis | mitosis
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