Talk:Renal System Histology: Difference between revisions
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* rich blood supply | * rich blood supply | ||
Capsule | {| | ||
| valign="top"|'''Capsule''' | |||
* outer layer - dense CT (fibroblasts and collagen | * outer layer - dense CT (fibroblasts and collagen | ||
* inner layer - myofibroblasts | * inner layer - myofibroblasts | ||
| valign="top"|'''Cortex''' | |||
Cortex | |||
* outer renal corpuscles | * outer renal corpuscles | ||
* medullary rays | * medullary rays | ||
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** 400-500 project medulla to cortex | ** 400-500 project medulla to cortex | ||
* between medullary rays - convoluted tubules of nephrons | * between medullary rays - convoluted tubules of nephrons | ||
| valign="top"|'''Medulla''' | |||
Medulla | |||
* medullary pyramids (together with associated cortical region = '''renal lobe''') | * medullary pyramids (together with associated cortical region = '''renal lobe''') | ||
** base at cortioco-medullary border | ** base at cortioco-medullary border | ||
** apex at renal papilla (surrounded by '''minor calyx''') | ** apex at renal papilla (surrounded by '''minor calyx''') | ||
* minor calyces converge to form '''major calyces''' then '''renal pelvis''' | * minor calyces converge to form '''major calyces''' then '''renal pelvis''' | ||
|} | |||
===Blood Supply=== | ===Blood Supply=== | ||
* renal artery | * renal artery | ||
* interlobar arteries (across medulla thru renal columns) | * interlobar arteries (across medulla thru renal columns) | ||
* arcuate arteries (cortico-medullary junction | * arcuate arteries (cortico-medullary junction) | ||
* interlobular arteries | * interlobular arteries | ||
*afferent glomerular arterioles | *afferent glomerular arterioles | ||
| Line 45: | Line 44: | ||
'''Vasa Recta''' | '''Vasa Recta''' | ||
* descending arterioles (arteriole rectae) + ascending venules (venulae rectae) | * descending arterioles (arteriole rectae) + ascending venules (venulae rectae) | ||
===Glomerulus=== | ===Glomerulus=== | ||
* glomerulus - round (~0.2 mm in diameter) blind beginning of the nephron | * glomerulus - round (~0.2 mm in diameter) blind beginning of the nephron | ||
* ''' vascular pole''' - invaginated by a tuft of capillaries | * ''' vascular pole''' - invaginated by a tuft of capillaries | ||
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* '''Macular Densa''' | * '''Macular Densa''' | ||
** distal convoluted tubule near vascular pole (narrower and taller than rest of DCT) | ** distal convoluted tubule near vascular pole (narrower and taller than rest of DCT) | ||
===Tubules=== | ===Tubules=== | ||
'''Proximal Convoluted Tubules''' | '''Proximal Convoluted Tubules''' | ||
* brush border | * brush border | ||
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* larger lumen than DCT (about size of PCT) | * larger lumen than DCT (about size of PCT) | ||
* cuboidal cells and smaller than DCT | * cuboidal cells and smaller than DCT | ||
===Renal Pyramids=== | ===Renal Pyramids=== | ||
* medullary straight tubules, ducts and vasa recta | * medullary straight tubules, ducts and vasa recta | ||
| Line 80: | Line 73: | ||
* calyx - lined by transitional epithelia | * calyx - lined by transitional epithelia | ||
Note the urinary system transitional epithelium is also known as '''urothelium'''. | |||
==Ureters== | ==Ureters== | ||
* epithelium - transitional epithelia | * epithelium - transitional epithelia | ||
* lamina propria - mainly of dense connective tissue, with many bundles of coarse collagenous fibres | * lamina propria - mainly of dense connective tissue, with many bundles of coarse collagenous fibres | ||
| Line 89: | Line 82: | ||
==Bladder== | ==Bladder== | ||
* epithelium - transitional epithelia | * epithelium - transitional epithelia | ||
** apical plaques - thickened domain allows great changes in surface area. | ** apical plaques - thickened domain allows great changes in surface area. | ||
| Line 96: | Line 87: | ||
* muscularis - consists of an '''inner longitudinal''' and '''outer circular layer''' of smooth muscle cells | * muscularis - consists of an '''inner longitudinal''' and '''outer circular layer''' of smooth muscle cells | ||
** In lower parts of the ureter and the bladder an '''additional outer longitudinal layer''' of muscles is added to the first two. | ** In lower parts of the ureter and the bladder an '''additional outer longitudinal layer''' of muscles is added to the first two. | ||
==Urethra== | ==Urethra== | ||
* penile urethra within corpus spongisum | * penile urethra within corpus spongisum | ||
Latest revision as of 16:07, 29 August 2011
Practical Overview
- Kidneys, ureters, urinar bladder, urethra
Kidneys
- elimination of foreign substances
- regulation of the amount of water in the body
- control of the concentration of most compounds in the extracellular fluid
filtration - glomeruli of the kidney
selective - resorption and excretion - tubular system of the kidney
Anatomy
- kidney bean shaped
- rich blood supply
Capsule
|
Cortex
|
Medulla
|
Blood Supply
- renal artery
- interlobar arteries (across medulla thru renal columns)
- arcuate arteries (cortico-medullary junction)
- interlobular arteries
- afferent glomerular arterioles
- glomerular capillary network
- efferent glomerular arterioles
Vasa Recta
- descending arterioles (arteriole rectae) + ascending venules (venulae rectae)
Glomerulus
- glomerulus - round (~0.2 mm in diameter) blind beginning of the nephron
- vascular pole - invaginated by a tuft of capillaries
- urinary pole - substances leave the capillaries enter the renal tubule
- Bowman's capsule - anatomical glomerulus is enclosed by two layers of epithelium.
- outer or parietal layer of Bowman's capsule form a simple squamous epithelium.
- inner layer, podocytes in the visceral layer, are extremely complex in shape.
- Mesangial cells in the glomerulus form the connective tissue that gives structural support to podocytes and vessels (Podocytes, mesangial cells, glomerular capillaries)
- Juxtaglomerular cells - smooth muscle cells afferent glomerular arteriole (epithelial-like cells)
- Macular Densa
- distal convoluted tubule near vascular pole (narrower and taller than rest of DCT)
Tubules
Proximal Convoluted Tubules
- brush border
- star-shaped
- larger outside diameter
Distal Convoluted Tubules
- clean lumen surface
- apical nuclei
Collecting Tubules
- larger lumen than DCT (about size of PCT)
- cuboidal cells and smaller than DCT
Renal Pyramids
- medullary straight tubules, ducts and vasa recta
- apical renal papilla - simple cuboidal/columnar epithelia
- calyx - lined by transitional epithelia
Note the urinary system transitional epithelium is also known as urothelium.
Ureters
- epithelium - transitional epithelia
- lamina propria - mainly of dense connective tissue, with many bundles of coarse collagenous fibres
- muscularis - consists of an inner longitudinal and outer circular layer of smooth muscle cells
- In lower parts of the ureter and the bladder an additional outer longitudinal layer of muscles is added to the first two.
Bladder
- epithelium - transitional epithelia
- apical plaques - thickened domain allows great changes in surface area.
- lamina propria - mainly of dense connective tissue, with many bundles of coarse collagenous fibres
- muscularis - consists of an inner longitudinal and outer circular layer of smooth muscle cells
- In lower parts of the ureter and the bladder an additional outer longitudinal layer of muscles is added to the first two.
Urethra
- penile urethra within corpus spongisum
- pseudostratified columnar epithelia
- distal end - stratified squamous
- continuous with outer skin
