Talk:Renal System Histology: Difference between revisions
From Embryology
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* epithelium - transitional epithelia | * epithelium - transitional epithelia | ||
* lamina propria - mainly of dense connective tissue, with many bundles of coarse collagenous fibres | |||
* muscularis - consists of an '''inner longitudinal''' and '''outer circular layer''' of smooth muscle cells | |||
** In lower parts of the ureter and the bladder an '''additional outer longitudinal layer''' of muscles is added to the first two. | |||
==Bladder== | |||
* epithelium - transitional epithelia | |||
** apical plaques - thickened domain allows great changes in surface area. | |||
* lamina propria - mainly of dense connective tissue, with many bundles of coarse collagenous fibres | * lamina propria - mainly of dense connective tissue, with many bundles of coarse collagenous fibres | ||
* muscularis - consists of an '''inner longitudinal''' and '''outer circular layer''' of smooth muscle cells | * muscularis - consists of an '''inner longitudinal''' and '''outer circular layer''' of smooth muscle cells | ||
** In lower parts of the ureter and the bladder an '''additional outer longitudinal layer''' of muscles is added to the first two. | ** In lower parts of the ureter and the bladder an '''additional outer longitudinal layer''' of muscles is added to the first two. | ||
Revision as of 14:36, 29 August 2011
Practical Overview
- Kidneys, ureters, urinar bladder, urethra
Kidneys
- elimination of foreign substances
- regulation of the amount of water in the body
- control of the concentration of most compounds in the extracellular fluid
filtration - glomeruli of the kidney
selective - resorption and excretion - tubular system of the kidney
Anatomy
- kidney bean shaped
- rich blood supply
Capsule
- outer layer - dense CT (fibroblasts and collagen
- inner layer - myofibroblasts
Cortex
- outer renal corpuscles
- medullary rays
- only straight tubules + straight collecting tubules
- 400-500 project medulla to cortex
- between medullary rays - convoluted tubules of nephrons
Medulla
Blood Supply
- renal artery
- interlobar arteries (across medulla thru renal columns)
- arcuate arteries (cortico-medullary junction
- interlobular arteries
- afferent glomerular arterioles
- glomerular capillary network
- efferent glomerular arterioles
Vasa Recta
- descending arterioles (arteriole rectae) + ascending venules (venulae rectae)
Glomerulus
- glomerulus - round (~0.2 mm in diameter) blind beginning of the nephron
- vascular pole - invaginated by a tuft of capillaries
- urinary pole - substances leave the capillaries enter the renal tubule
- Bowman's capsule - anatomical glomerulus is enclosed by two layers of epithelium.
- outer or parietal layer of Bowman's capsule form a simple squamous epithelium.
- inner layer, podocytes in the visceral layer, are extremely complex in shape.
- Mesangial cells in the glomerulus form the connective tissue that gives structural support to podocytes and vessels (Podocytes, mesangial cells, glomerular capillaries)
- Juxtaglomerular cells - smooth muscle cells afferent glomerular arteriole (epithelial-like cells)
- Macular Densa
- distal convoluted tubule near vascular pole (narrower and taller than rest of DCT)
Tubules
Proximal Convoluted Tubules
- brush border
- star-shaped
- larger outside diameter
Distal Convoluted Tubules
- clean lumen surface
- apical nuclei
Collecting Tubules
- larger lumen than DCT (about size of PCT)
- cuboidal cells and smaller than DCT
Renal Pyramids
- medullary straight tubules, ducts and vasa recta
- apical renal papilla - simple cuboidal/columnar epithelia
- calyx - lined by transitional epithelia
Ureters
- epithelium - transitional epithelia
- lamina propria - mainly of dense connective tissue, with many bundles of coarse collagenous fibres
- muscularis - consists of an inner longitudinal and outer circular layer of smooth muscle cells
- In lower parts of the ureter and the bladder an additional outer longitudinal layer of muscles is added to the first two.
Bladder
- epithelium - transitional epithelia
- apical plaques - thickened domain allows great changes in surface area.
- lamina propria - mainly of dense connective tissue, with many bundles of coarse collagenous fibres
- muscularis - consists of an inner longitudinal and outer circular layer of smooth muscle cells
- In lower parts of the ureter and the bladder an additional outer longitudinal layer of muscles is added to the first two.
