Talk:Musculoskeletal System - Limb Development: Difference between revisions
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BMC Dev Biol. 2010 Mar 25;10:32. | BMC Dev Biol. 2010 Mar 25;10:32. | ||
PMID: 20334703 | PMID: 20334703 | ||
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334703 | |||
BACKGROUND: Pattern formation of the limb skeleton is regulated by a complex interplay of signaling centers located in the ectodermal sheath and mesenchymal core of the limb anlagen, which results, in the forelimb, in the coordinate array of humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and digits. Much less understood is why skeletal elements form only in the central mesenchyme of the limb, whereas muscle anlagen develop in the peripheral mesenchyme ensheathing the chondrogenic center. Classical studies have suggested a role of the limb ectoderm as a negative regulator of limb chondrogenesis. | |||
RESULTS: In this paper, we investigated the molecular nature of the inhibitory influence of the ectoderm on limb chondrogenesis in the avian embryo in vivo. We show that ectoderm ablation in the early limb bud leads to increased and ectopic expression of early chondrogenic marker genes like Sox9 and Collagen II, indicating that the limb ectoderm inhibits limb chondrogenesis at an early stage of the chondrogenic cascade. To investigate the molecular nature of the inhibitory influence of the ectoderm, we ectopically expressed Wnt6, which is presently the only known Wnt expressed throughout the avian limb ectoderm, and found that Wnt6 overexpression leads to reduced expression of the early chondrogenic marker genes Sox9 and Collagen II. | |||
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the inhibitory influence of the ectoderm on limb chondrogenesis acts on an early stage of chondrogenesis upsteam of Sox9 and Collagen II. We identify Wnt6 as a candidate mediator of ectodermal chondrogenic inhibition in vivo. We propose a model of Wnt-mediated centripetal patterning of the limb by the surface ectoderm. | |||
==PLoS Biology July 2010== | ==PLoS Biology July 2010== | ||
Revision as of 13:42, 22 September 2010
Tbx4 and tbx5 acting in connective tissue are required for limb muscle and tendon patterning
Hasson P, DeLaurier A, Bennett M, Grigorieva E, Naiche LA, Papaioannou VE, Mohun TJ, Logan MP. Dev Cell. 2010 Jan 19;18(1):148-56. PMID: 20152185
Ectodermal Wnt6 is an early negative regulator of limb chondrogenesis in the chicken embryo.
Geetha-Loganathan P, Nimmagadda S, Christ B, Huang R, Scaal M. BMC Dev Biol. 2010 Mar 25;10:32. PMID: 20334703
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334703
BACKGROUND: Pattern formation of the limb skeleton is regulated by a complex interplay of signaling centers located in the ectodermal sheath and mesenchymal core of the limb anlagen, which results, in the forelimb, in the coordinate array of humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and digits. Much less understood is why skeletal elements form only in the central mesenchyme of the limb, whereas muscle anlagen develop in the peripheral mesenchyme ensheathing the chondrogenic center. Classical studies have suggested a role of the limb ectoderm as a negative regulator of limb chondrogenesis.
RESULTS: In this paper, we investigated the molecular nature of the inhibitory influence of the ectoderm on limb chondrogenesis in the avian embryo in vivo. We show that ectoderm ablation in the early limb bud leads to increased and ectopic expression of early chondrogenic marker genes like Sox9 and Collagen II, indicating that the limb ectoderm inhibits limb chondrogenesis at an early stage of the chondrogenic cascade. To investigate the molecular nature of the inhibitory influence of the ectoderm, we ectopically expressed Wnt6, which is presently the only known Wnt expressed throughout the avian limb ectoderm, and found that Wnt6 overexpression leads to reduced expression of the early chondrogenic marker genes Sox9 and Collagen II.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the inhibitory influence of the ectoderm on limb chondrogenesis acts on an early stage of chondrogenesis upsteam of Sox9 and Collagen II. We identify Wnt6 as a candidate mediator of ectodermal chondrogenic inhibition in vivo. We propose a model of Wnt-mediated centripetal patterning of the limb by the surface ectoderm.
PLoS Biology July 2010
The role of spatially controlled cell proliferation in limb bud morphogenesis
Boehm B, Westerberg H, Lesnicar-Pucko G, Raja S, Rautschka M, Cotterell J, Swoger J, Sharpe J. PLoS Biol. 2010 Jul 13;8(7):e1000420. PMID: 20644711
<pubmed>20644711</pubmed>| PMC2903592 | PLoS
Citation: Boehm B, Westerberg H, Lesnicar-Pucko G, Raja S, Rautschka M, et al. (2010) The Role of Spatially Controlled Cell Proliferation in Limb Bud Morphogenesis. PLoS Biol 8(7): e1000420. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000420
Copyright: © 2010 Boehm et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Limbs made to measure.
Kicheva A, Briscoe J. PLoS Biol. 2010 Jul 13;8(7):e1000421. No abstract available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20644713 PMID: 20644713
<pubmed>20644713</pubmed>| PMC2903596 | PLoS
Citation: Kicheva A, Briscoe J (2010) Limbs Made to Measure. PLoS Biol 8(7): e1000421. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000421
Published: July 13, 2010
Copyright: © 2010 Kicheva, Briscoe. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Related
imaging - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2878749/?tool=pubmed
