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| {| class="prettytable"
| | Sleep, Hormones, and Circadian Rhythms throughout the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Women and Women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Shechter A, Boivin DB. Int J Endocrinol. 2010;2010:259345. Epub 2010 Jan 18. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20145718 PMID: 20145718] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2817387 PMC2817387] |
| | '''Phase'''
| |
| | '''Days (range)'''
| |
| | '''Smear'''
| |
| | '''Smear Description'''
| |
| | '''Uterine Endometrium (D&C)'''
| |
|
| |
|
| |-
| | * relationship exists between the sleep-wake cycle and hormone secretion |
| | '''Menstrual'''
| | * melatonin, cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin (PRL), vary across the 24-hour day and are highly regulated by the circadian and sleep-wake cycles. |
| | 1 - 4
| | * sleep complaints commonly occur during the postovulatory luteal phase (LP) in healthy women |
| | Click on image to see full size.
| | * premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) - a DSM-IV classified menstrual cycle-related mood disorder |
| | Both '''stratum corneum''' (red) and '''stratum spinosum''' (blue) epithelial cells will mostly blood. Leukocytes and bacteria may also be present.
| |
| | [[File:Human- menstrual uterine endometrium.jpg|200px]]
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| | '''Early Proliferative'''
| |
| | 5 - 9
| |
| | [[File:Smear-_early_proliferative.jpg|200px]]
| |
| | mainly large and small basophilic (blue) '''stratum spinosum''' cells.
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| | '''Mid Proliferative'''
| |
| | 9 - 13
| |
| | [[File:Smear-_mid-proliferative.jpg|200px]]
| |
| | '''Stratum spinosum''' (blue) increase in size. Dark precipate outside cells are bacteria.
| |
| | [[File:Human- mid-proliferative uterine endometrium.jpg|200px]]
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| | '''Late Proliferative, Ovulatory'''
| |
| | 13-14
| |
| | [[File:Smear-_late-proliferative.jpg|200px]]
| |
| | mainly '''stratum corneum''' (red) which are large and flat, appear due to high estrogen levels.
| |
| | [[File:Human-_late_proliferative_uterine_endometrium.jpg|200px]]
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| | '''Secretory'''
| |
| | 15 - 22
| |
| | [[File:Smear-_secretory.jpg|200px]]
| |
| | '''stratum spinosum''' cells (blue) which are folded or with curled edges, appear immediately after ovulation due to increase in progesterone. '''Leukocytes''' (small black cells) becoming more numerous.
| |
| | [[File:Human- secretory uterine endometrium.jpg|200px]]
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| | '''Late Secretory, (Ischemic) Premenstrual'''
| |
| | 23 - 28
| |
| | [[File:Smear-_late_secretory.jpg|200px]]
| |
| | '''stratum spinosum''' cells (blue) mainly with a few '''stratum corneum '''cells (red). Clustering of cells occurs at this stage and both l'''eukocytes '''and bacteria are prevelant.
| |
| | [[File:Human- late secretory uterine endometrium.jpg|200px]]
| |
| | |
| |}
| |
| | |
| | |
| '''Human vaginal smear histology images in sequence:''' [[:File:Smear-_early_proliferative.jpg|early proliferative]] | [[:File:Smear-_mid-proliferative.jpg|mid-proliferative]] | [[:File:Smear-_late-proliferative.jpg|late proliferative]] | [[:File:Smear-_secretory.jpg|secretory]] | [[:File:Smear-_late_secretory.jpg|late secretory]]
| |
| | |
| '''Human Uterus (D and C histology images) in sequence:''' [[:File:Human- menstrual uterine endometrium.jpg|menstrual]] | [[:File:Human- mid-proliferative uterine endometrium.jpg|mid-proliferative]] | [[:File:Human-_late_proliferative_uterine_endometrium.jpg|late proliferative]] | [[:File:Human- secretory uterine endometrium.jpg|secretory]] | [[:File:Human- late secretory uterine endometrium.jpg|late secretory]]
| |
| | |
| '''Links:''' [[Menstrual Cycle]]
| |
