Human Embryology and Morphology - Figures

Embryology - 27 Apr 2024        Expand to Translate
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Keith, A. Human Embryology And Morphology (1921) Longmans, Green & Co.:New York.

Human Embryology and Morphology: 1 Early Ovum and Embryo | 2 Connection between Foetus and Uterus | 3 Primitive Streak Notochord and Somites | 4 Age Changes | 5 Spinal Column and Back | 6 Body Segmentation | 7 Spinal Cord | 8 Mid- and Hind-Brains | 9 Fore-Brain | 10 Fore-Brain Cerebral Vesicles | 11 Cranium | 12 Face | 13 Teeth and Mastication | 14 Nasal and Olfactory | 15 Sense OF Sight | 16 Hearing | 17 Pharynx and Neck | 18 Tongue, Thyroid and Pharynx | 19 Organs of Digestion | 20 Circulatory System | 21 Circulatory System (continued) | 22 Respiratory System | 23 Urogenital System | 24 Urogenital System (Continued) | 25 Body Wall and Pelvic Floor | 26 Limb Buds | 27 Limbs | 28 Skin and Appendages | Figures

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Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages

Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

Note some of these figures are the same as those used in the earlier 1902 first edition.

Early Changes in the Development of the Ovum and Embryo

1 Early Ovum and Embryo

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  Fig. 1. Parts of a Mature Human Ovum

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  Fig. 2. Human Embryo and its Membranes at the end of the fifth week

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  Fig. 3. Position of the Ovary and Fallopian Tube in the 5th month

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  Fig. 4. Foetus at the beginning of the 3rd month

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  Fig. 5. Human Embryo and its Membranes at the end of the fifth week

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  Fig. 6. Ovary of a fifth month Foetus

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  Fig. 7. Ripe Graafian Follicle at Puberty

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  Fig. 8. Broad Ligament and Fallopian Tube

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  Fig. 9. Mature Ovum of Bat

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  Fig. 10. Karyokinesis in a somatic cell

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  Fig. 11. Spermatozoon

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  Fig. 12. Production of the Blastula or Morula from the Ovum

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  Fig. 13. Stage I. The Blastula

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  Fig. 14. The Blastocyst

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  Fig. 15. Stage II. The Blasto-dermic Stage

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  Fig. 16. Origin of the Primitive Coelom, the Mesoblast and Cavity of the Amnion

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  Fig. 17. Stage IV. Section through the bivesicular blastocyst embedded in the wall of the Uterus

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  Fig. 18. Stage V. Diagrammatic Section of a human pregnancy towards the end of the 3rd week

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  Fig. 19. Medullary folds and somites on the embryonic plate

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  Fig. 20. Human Embryo 2.5 mm long towards the end of the fourth week

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  Fig. 21. Schematic Transverse Sections of two Human Embryos

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  Fig. 22. Showing a human embryo 5 mm in length

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  Fig. 23. Roof of the Coelomic cavity of a human embryo in the fifth week

The Manner in which a Connection is Established between the Foetus and Uterus

2 Connection between Foetus and Uterus

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  Fig. 24. Uterus showing the Embedded Ovum and the Decidua Three Parts

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  Fig. 25. The Yolk Sac and early vessels of the human embryo about the end of the 3rd week of development

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  Fig. 26. Yolk Sac, blood vessels and nucleated red blood corpuscles in its mesoblastic layer

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  Fig. 27. The cloaca, bladder and abdominal vein of a frog

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  Fig. 28. The primitive form of the Allantois

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  Fig. 29. Chorion and amnion arise in the chick embryo from folds of the somatopleure

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  Fig. 30. Decidua Serotina (formed frcm the mucous membrane of uterus) and Chorion

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  Fig. 31. Section across the Body-Stalk

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  Fig. 32. Amnion, Chorion, and Decidua in the 3rd month and the Formation of the Placenta

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  Fig. 33. Elements in the formation of the Placenta

The Primitive Streak, Notochord and Somites

3 Primitive Streak Notochord and Somites

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  Fig. 34. Human embryonic plate measuring 1.5 mm in length

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  Fig. 35. Sections along the median line of two embryonic plates

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  Fig. 36. Embryogenic area of an Embryonic plate viewed from above

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  Fig. 37. The Medullary Plate and Primitive Streak on an Embryo towards the end of the 3rd week

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  Fig. 38.Three stages in the early development of Amphioxus

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  Fig. 39. Vertebrate embryo to show the parts of the mesoderm, of the coelom

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  Fig. 40. Diagrammatic longitudinal section of a larval ganoid fish

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  Fig. 41. Division of the Embryonic Plate forming imperfect twins

The Age Changes in the Embryo and Foetus

4 Age Changes

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  Fig. 42. Human Embryo 5 mm in length

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  Fig. 43. Stages of growth from 3rd week to the end of the 8th

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  Fig. 44. Human Embryo 10.4 mm long and in the 6th week of development

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  Fig. 45. Embryo 11 mm long

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  Fig. 46. Foetus 22 mm long

The Spinal Column and Back

5 Spinal Column and Back

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  Fig. 47. Pyramids of the Spine

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  Fig. 48. Curves of the Spinal Column

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  Fig. 49. Lumbo-sacral Region Spine Foetus end of the 2nd month

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  Fig. 50. Variation in costal element of the seventh Cervical Vertebra

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  Fig. 51. Sclerotome, muscle plate and skin plate

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  Fig. 52. Where remnants of the Notochord may occur in the Adult

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  Fig. 53. The relationship of the Notochord to the basilar or parachordal cartilage

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  Fig. 54. The Morphological Parts of the first Cervical Vertebra

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  Fig. 55. The development of the Membranous Basis of a Vertebra

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  Fig. 56. Showing the Stages in the Development of a Vertebra

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  Fig. 57. The Order in which the Centres of Ossification appear in the Bodies

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  Fig. 58. A Diagrammatic Section of the Foetal Axis, Atlas, and Basi-occipital

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  Fig. 59. The nature of the Atlanto-axio-occipital Articulations

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  Fig. 60. The Bicipital Rib of a Lower Vertebrate (crocodile)

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  Fig. 61. Half of a first Lumbar Vertebra showing a separate costal element

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  Fig. 62. A Section to show the Nature of the Elements composing the Sacrum

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  Fig. 63. A series of four figures showing the conlition of the liuman caudal or coccygeal region

The Segmentation of the Body

6 Body Segmentation

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  Fig. 64. Some of the structures derived from the 11th Dorsal Segment of the Right Side.

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  Fig. 65 Transverse Section showing the Elements of the 1st Lumbar Segment in the Adult

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  Fig. 66. The distribution of a typical Segmental Artery.

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  Fig. 67. Nerve System of the 11th Dorsal Segment.

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  Fig. 68. Cervical and dorsal parts of the Spine of a Human Foetus showing irregularities of segmentation.

Central Nervous System — Differentiation of the Spinal Cord

7 Spinal Cord

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  Fig. 69. Back of an Anencephalic Child in which the medullary plates were exposed on both head and spine.

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  Fig. 70. Ectodermal cells of the Medullary Plates are differentiated into nerve cells or neuroblasts and supporting cells or spongioblasts.

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  Fig. 71. Medullary Folds uniting to form the Neural Tube in a Human Embryo in the 3rd week of development.

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  Fig. 72. Four Primary Divisions of the Neural Tube.

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  Fig. 73. Lateral View of the Central Nerve System of a Human Embryo of the 4th week

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  Fig. 73, A. Showing the differentiation of the terminal part of the neural tube into the coccygeal thread and fllum terminale.

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  Fig. 74. Three stages in the early differentiation of the wall of the spinal neural tube.

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  Fig. 75. Developing Spinal Cord at the beginning of the 5th week.

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  Fig. 76. Progressive differentiation of the spinal cord during the second and third months of development.

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  Fig. 77. Section of the developing Spinal Cord

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  Fig. 78. Transformation of Cells of the Ectoderm to Sense Epithelium, Nerve Cells and Supporting Cells

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  Fig. 79. Lumbar Region to show the arrangement of parts in a typical case of cystic spina bifida.

The Mid- and Hind-Brains

8 Mid- and Hind-Brains

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  Fig. 80. Tubular form, the neuromeres and relations of the Mid- and Hind-Brain in a Human Embryo 18 body somites

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  Fig. 81. Hind-Brain of a Human Embryo in the 6th week.

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  Fig. 82. Hind-Brain to show the grouping of cranial nerves and their nuclei.

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  Fig. 83. Foetal Medulla and the Alar and Basal Laminae of the Hind-Brain

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  Fig. 84. Origin of the Inferior Medullary Velum from the roof plate of the Hind-Brain.

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  Fig. 85. Lateral View of the Cephalic Part of the Neural Tube in a 5th week Human Embryo.

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  Fig. 86. Median Section of the Cerebellum and 4th Ventricle of a Frog.

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  Fig. 87. The Human Cerebellum at the end of the 2nd month of development.

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  Fig. 88. Cerebellum and Attachments of the Inferior Medullary Velum at 3rd month

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  Fig. 89. Cerebellum of a Human Foetus early in the 4th month

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  Fig. 90. Left and Right half of the Cerebellum of a Foetus of 5 months

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  Fig. 91. Anterior part of the Roof of the Mid-Brain of a Cat, to show the subcommissural organ.

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  Fig. 92. Diagrammatic Section across the posterior region of the Head of Ammoecetes

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  Fig. 93. The Nerves and Ganglia of the Mid- and Hind-Brain of an Embryo at the end of the 6th week

The Fore-Brain or Prosencephalon

9 Fore-Brain

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  Fig. 94. Brain of a Larval Fish primary form and relations of the fore-brain.

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  Fig. 95. The Brain of the Lamprey from above.

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  Fig. 96. Fore-Brain at the beginning and end of the 4th week.

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  Fig. 97. The Thalamencephalon towards the end of the 6th week.

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  Fig. 98. Embryonic Fore-Brain various parts linked to sensory tracts.

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  Fig. 99. Pituitary Body of a Human Foetus in the 5th month.

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  Fig. 100. Pineal Body and its commissure and ganglion.

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  Fig. 101. Pituitary Body of a Pup Dog-Fish.

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  Fig. 102. Development of the Pituitary.

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  Fig. 103. Pituitary Body of a Human Foetus at the beginning of the 4th month.

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  Fig. 104. The Pineal Gland and Sense Organ in a Lizard.

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  Fig. 105. Showing stages of development of the Pineal Body in the roof of the Fore-Brain

The Fore-Brain or Prosencephalon (continued) Cerebral Vesicles

10 Fore-Brain Cerebral Vesicles

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  Fig. 106. Cerebral Vesicle and the formation of the Corpus Striatum on its floor, during the 6th week.

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  Fig. 107. Expansion of the left Cerebral Vesicle as seen on its lateral aspect.

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  Fig. 108. Fore- and Mid-Brain at the 6th week of development.

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  Fig. 109. 3rd and lateral Ventricles of the Adult.

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  Fig. 110. Turtle's Cerebral Vesicle and Primitive Mammalian Cerebrum.

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  Fig. 111. Differentiation of the Pallial Wall of the Cerebral Vesicle.

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  Fig. 112. Left Hemisphere of the Brain of a primitive vertebrate brain anterior to the Lamina Terminalis.

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  Fig. 113. Coronal section of the right half of the Cerebral Vesicle of a Primitive Type of Mammal.

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  Fig. 114. Lateral Aspect of the Cerebrum of a Primitive Mammal.

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  Fig. 115. The Anterior, Hippocampal and Callosal Commissures.

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  Fig. 116. Mesial Aspect of the Brain of a Human Foetus in 4th month.

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  Fig. 117. Mesial aspect of the Cerebral Vesicle of a Foetus about 3 months old.

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  Fig. 118. Structures formed in the Lamina Terminalis and Primitive Callosal Gyrus.

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  Fig. 119. Lateral Aspect of the Cerebral Hemisphere at the end of the 2nd month

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  Fig. 120. The same Aspect during the 5th month.

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  Fig. 121. The same Aspect during the 7th month.

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  Fig. 122. Opercula and Fissure of Sylvius.

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  Fig. 123. The Island of Reil and Fissures on the Lateral Aspect of the Brain of a dog-like Ape.

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  Fig. 124. The more common condition of the Island of Reil in Anthropoids.

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  Fig. 125. The Fissures on the Lateral Aspect of a typical Mammalian Brain.

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  Fig. 126. The Lateral Aspect of the Occipital Lobe of a Human Brain

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  Fig. 127. The Mesial Aspect of the Occipital Lobe of a Human Brain

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  Fig. 128. Arteries of the Brain end of the first month.

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  Fig. 129. The Primitive Vein of the Head and its tributaries in the 6th week

The Cranium

11 Cranium

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  Fig. 130. The Chondrocranium of a Shark laid open by a mesial sagittal section.

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Development of the Face

12 Face

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The Teeth and Apparatus of Mastication

13 Teeth and Mastication

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The Nasal Cavities and Olfactory Structures

14 Nasal and Olfactory

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Development of the Structures concerned in the Sense of Sight

15 Sense OF Sight

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The Organ of Hearing

16 Hearing

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Pharynx and Neck

17 Pharynx and Neck

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Tongue, Thyroid and Structures developed from the Walls of the Primitive Pharynx

18 Tongue, Thyroid and Pharynx

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Organs of Digestion

19 Organs of Digestion

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Circulatory System

20 Circulatory System

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Circulatory System (continued)

21 Circulatory System (continued)

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Respiratory System

22 Respiratory System

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Urogenital System

23 Urogenital System

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Urogenital System (continued)

24 Urogenital System (Continued)

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Body Wall and Pelvic Floor

25 Body Wall and Pelvic Floor

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Development and Differentiation of the Limb Buds

26 Limb Buds

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Morphology of the Limbs

27 Limbs

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Skin and its Appendages

28 Skin and Appendages

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  Fig. 490. Breast Arrangement of its Capsule and Lymphatics.

Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages

Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

Human Embryology and Morphology: 1 Early Ovum and Embryo | 2 Connection between Foetus and Uterus | 3 Primitive Streak Notochord and Somites | 4 Age Changes | 5 Spinal Column and Back | 6 Body Segmentation | 7 Spinal Cord | 8 Mid- and Hind-Brains | 9 Fore-Brain | 10 Fore-Brain Cerebral Vesicles | 11 Cranium | 12 Face | 13 Teeth and Mastication | 14 Nasal and Olfactory | 15 Sense OF Sight | 16 Hearing | 17 Pharynx and Neck | 18 Tongue, Thyroid and Pharynx | 19 Organs of Digestion | 20 Circulatory System | 21 Circulatory System (continued) | 22 Respiratory System | 23 Urogenital System | 24 Urogenital System (Continued) | 25 Body Wall and Pelvic Floor | 26 Limb Buds | 27 Limbs | 28 Skin and Appendages | Figures