File talk:Keibel Mall Table-Skeleton 1.jpg

TABLE OF OSSIFICATION OF THE BONES OF THE INFERIOR EXTREMITY.

(Days and weeks refer to the prenatal, years to the postnatal period.)

Table Of Ossification Of The Bones Of The Inferior Extremity
(Days and weeks refer to the prenatal, years to the postnatal period.)
Bone	Centres	Time of appearance of centre	Time of fusion: general remarks
Os coxae	Os ilium	56th day (Mall)	The rami of the ischium and the pubis are united by bone in the 7th or 8th year (Quain) ( 12-14 year^ Sappey). In the acetabulum the three hip bones are separated by a Y-shaped cartilage until after puberty. In this cartilage between the ilium and pubis the ' 'os acetabuli "appears between the ninth and twelfth years. This bone, variable in size, forms a greater or less part of the pubic portion of the articular cavity. Leche (1884). Krause (1885), and many others consider it primarily an independent bone. About puberty between the ilium and ischium and over the acetabular surfaces of these bones small irregular epiphyseal centres appear. The os acetabuli becomes imited to the pubic bone about puberty and soon afterwards the acetabular portions of the ilium and ischium and the ischium and pubis begin to become united by bone. The acetabular portions of the pubis and ilium are unite a little later. Osseous union takes place earlier on the pelvic than on the articular surface of the acetabulum. The union of the several primary centres and the epiphyses is usuaJly completed about the twentieth year.
	Os ischii	105th day (Mall)
	Os pubis	4th to 5th fetal month
	Os acetabuli.	9th to 12th year
	Epiphyses: Those of the acetabulum	Soon after puberty
	Crest of ilium	Soon after puberty	Fuses with main bone 20th to 25th year.
	Tuberosity of ischium	Soon after puberty	Fusion begins in the 17th year and is completed between the 20th and 24th years (Sappey).
	Ischial spine	Soon after puberty	18th to 20th year (Poirier).
	Ant. inf. spine of ilium	Soon after puberty	18th to 20th year (Poirier).
	Symphysis end of os pubis (1 or 2 centres)	18th to 20th year. (Sappey)	After the 20th year.
Femur	Diaphysis	43d day (Mall)
	Epiphyses: Distal end	Shortly before birth.(ref)	20th to 24th year.
	Head	1st year	18th to 19th year.
	Great trochanter	3d to 4th year. (Osseous granules soon after birth, (Poirier)	18th year.
	Small trochanter	13th to 14th year 8th year (Sappey)	17th year (Quain). Proximal epiphysis 18th to 22d year (Poirier).
Patella		3d to 5th year	The osseous patella reaches its definitive form soon before puberty.
Tibia	Diaphysis	44th day (Mall).
	Epiphyses: Proximal end	About birth	19th to 24th year (Sappey).
	Distal end	2d year	16th to 19th year.
	Tubercle (occas.)	13th year	Fuses with epiphysis of the proximal end and then with this to the diaphysis.
Fibula	Diaphysis	55th day (Mall).
	Epiphyses: Distal end	2d year	20th to 22d year
	Proximal end.	3d to 5th year	22d to 24th year
Calcaneus	Chief centre	6th fetal month	The chief nucleus is endochondral. A periosteal nucleus appears frequently in the 4-5 fetal month (Hassel wander).
	Epiphysis (distal end)	10th year (Quain) 7th-8th year ( Sappey)	15th-16th year (Quain). 16th-18th year (Poirier). M 17-21, average 20 years. F 13-17, average 16 years (Hasselwander)

(ref) Poirier, Traite d'Anatomie, vol. 1. page 227, gives a summary of the literature on the time of the appearance of this epiphysis. The epiphysis has some medico-legal importance, since its presence or absence has been utilized to determine whether a child is born at term. Schwegel found it to appear between birth and the third year; Casper in the ninth fetal month. Hartmann found it lacking in 12 percent, of cases at birth and in 7 per cent, of cases present as early as the eighth fetal month.