File:Mouse distal visceral endoderm 01.jpg

Mouse Distal Visceral Endoderm

The location of distal visceral endoderm (DVE) formation is determined by the concerted action of Smad1- and Smad2-mediated signals.

(A) BMP signaling promotes the differentiation of primitive endoderm (PrE) into embryonic visceral endoderm (VE) until E4.5.

(B) Embryonic visceral endoderm (VE) differentiates as a result of the concerted action of BMP and other signals until E5.2.

(C) DVE arises from a region of embryonic VE in which Activin signaling is present and BMP signaling is absent at E5.5.

(D and E) VE gives rise to extraembryonic and embryonic VE until E5.2.

(F) Summary of the relation between endoderm development and signaling by multiple TGF-β superfamily members from E4.5 to E5.5.

Legend

a, Activin; b, BMP; Epi, epiblast; ICM, inner cell mass; l, Lefty1; n, Nodal; PE, parietal endoderm; PrE, primitive endoderm; s1p, phosphorylated Smad1/5; s2p, phosphorylated Smad2/3; s4, Smad4; TE, trophectoderm. Broken arrows indicate the mechanism is obscure.

Reference

<pubmed>19153222</pubmed>| PMC2654303 | J Cell Biol.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654303/figure/fig9/