Talk:Embryology History - Clarence Herrick

Clarence Luther Herrick

We are called upon with the present issue of the Journal to lament the sad and untimely death of its founder and editorin-chief at Socorro, New Mexico, on the 15th of September. For the past ten years, dating from his last connection with Denison University, he has struggled heroically against tuberculosis of the lungs, together with other complications, which at last cut him off in the midst of his labors and in the prime of life. Untimely as his death must seem when regarded from the point of view of his plans and hopes, yet Dr. Herrick had done an amount of scientific research and philosophical writing, some of which he was preparing for the press when he was taken, which assures him an enduring name in the world of thought.

The end came in accordance with his own most earnest wish — he fell fighting for the truth. As one of those who were near him when he passed away has said : "He was taken literally in the harness. His laboratory and study tables showed the unfinished tasks. His morning mail brought its usual load of duties. He had contributed an article to the September number of the American Geologist, and his mail on the morning of his death, brought a request from Dr. N. H. WiNCHELL for some further contributions to the October number. Thus in the midst of his labors he passed into the larger sphere."

Very early in his career he seems to have laid out, at least in a general way, a plan of action, including for the first part of his life miscellaneous research and study under direction in the broad field of general natural history. Upon the basis of this foundation, was to follow a period of intense specialization in a circumscribed field of zoological work leading up to a mastery

5i6 Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology.

of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. Finally the ripest years were to be devoted to physiological and comparative psychology on the basis of the mechanics of the nervous system and to philosophical correlation.

His life may be roughly divided into four periods. While these were marked by extraneous events and were apparently purely artificial and arbitrary, yet it may be said that the ideal scheme was in the end fairly achieved, though with great deviation in the details of the working.

Dr. Herrick was born near Minneapolis, June 21, 1858. He grew up in a home far from neighbors, a solitary child with few playmates, and very early showed his bent as a naturalist. While still in the Minneapolis High School he collected extensively and left at graduation a case of over a hundred mounted bird skins and other specimens to the high school. It was during this period that his father, despite his poverty, got him an eight dollar microscope. With this crude instrument and without guidance or library facilities he worked over the fresh water fauna of the neighboring brooks and pools so thoroughly that before graduation from the University of Minnesota in 1880 he had published several articles of value on the fresh water Crustacea of Minnesota and four years after graduation, with somewhat better facilities, published a report on the micro-crustacea of Minnesota, which is still standard. The materials for this report were elaborated before he graduated from college.

These years were filled with many bitter struggles, not the least ol which was with poverty and the consequent lack of material for study. But, notwithstanding, he completed the college course in three years, at the same time partly supporting himself by assisting on the staff of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. He had also showed so obvious a native gift with his pencil that upon his graduation the president of the university said to his father that he was uncertain whether to advise the young man to devote his life to science or to art. But there was no uncertainty in the mind of the graduate. Continuing his work on the Geological and

Clarence LiitJier Herrick. ■ 517

Natural History Survey of Minnesota, he published many papers in rapid succession on the fauna of the state and began an extensive report, the first volume of which was completed in 1885. This was a large quarto on the Mammals of Minnesota,, fully illustrated with many colored plates and pen drawings. It was accepted for publication, but for lack of funds in the Survey never saw the light. Years afterwards, in 1892, a small octavo was published by the Survey made up of the more popular parts of this work. The remainder is still buried in the vaults of the Survey in Minneapolis, The season of 1881-2 was spent at the University of Leipzig, and in 1883 he was married to Miss Alice Keith of Minneapolis. This, roughly, may be said to constitute the first period of his life, from 1858 to 1884.

He was called to the chair of Geology and Natural History of Denison University in the summer of 1884. He spent the fall of that year at Denison, then returned to Minneapolis to complete the work in progress in the Minnesota Survey, and in the fall of 1885 moved with his family to Granville. Meanwhile, in 1885, he took the degree of M.S. from his alma mater. It had been his intention to continue his zoological work, and there was great activity in this line during the entire period, but the routine excursions made in the course of the instruction of his geology classes showed him so much of interest in the local strata that his chief labors while in Granville were upon the fossils and stratigraphy of the Waverly free stones and shales of Ohio. This work was abruptly cut short by his removal from Granville in 1889 and, while never rounded out as he would have liked, is probably his most important geological work. In 1885 he founded the Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, in which the greater part of his researches, and those of his pupils, on Ohio geology were published.

His phenomenal success as a teacher during this and the subsequent periods was due to factors, some of which are easily seen — others are harder to define. After his attractive personal qualities and magnetic enthusiasm, I should place his deep philo

5i8 Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology.

sophic insight and the fearless way in which he disclosed his profoundest thinking to the least initiated of his pupils. The ability to do this without befogging the air was an exceedingly rare gift and was stimulating even to a dullard. He knew the philosophical classics thoroughly from original sources and the trend of his thinking was very early foreshadowed in the translation of Lotze's Outlines of Psychology published in 1885 in Minneapolis, with his own appended chapter on the structure of the nervous system.

Upon his removal to the University of Cincinnati in 1889, with which the third period of his life may be said to begin, the geological studies with which the preceding five years had been so fully occupied were summarily brought to a close and he threw himself with renewed energy into the study of the nervous system. Extensive papers on the brains of different animals appeared in rapid succession, of which the most valuable are two series, one on the brains of various fishes, the other on those of reptiles. In 1891 the Journal of Comparative Neurology was founded and served as the medium of publication for most of these researches. The founding of this Journal can best be designated as a piece of characteristic audacity. It was a purely private enterprise, with no fund to defray the expenses and very little outside cooperation promised. But without counting the cose he plunged boldly in, expecting a constiuency to be developed as the work went on. In this he has not been disappointed, though recognition of financial needs has lagged sadly behind that of the scientific value of the Journal.

At the close of 1891 he resigned his chair in the University of Cincinnati to accept a chair of biology in the University of Chicago, then being reorganized. The early part of 1892 was spent in Europe, chiefly Berlin. Upon his return the adjustment at the University of Chicago presented unexpected difficulties and after a series of misunderstandings he finally withdrew from that institution, declining an offer to return to Germany for further study on full salary. He was immediately elected to his old post in Denison University with an assistant and the privilege of devoting only a part of his

Clairncc Liither Herrick. 519

time to teaching, the remainder, either at home or abroad, to the further prosecution of his research. A year and a half of great productiveness followed. He bought a small tract of land adjacent to the college campus, built a residence upon it and planned to devote the remainder of his days to breeding animals on an extensive scale and studying tne laws of heredity, comparative psychology and allied problems. But before this project was fully under way his health broke down completely and he was forced to abandon his home in the fight for life.

In December, 1893, he had a severe attack of la grippe, but, as was his custom in illness, went on with his work as usual. Upon completion of the last examination of the term he came home too ill to correct the papers, and in course of the following night was attacked by a severe hemorrhage from the lungs and for weeks his life hung in the balance. With the return of spring his strength increased sufficiently to enable him to remove to New Mexico, where the local physicans told him that he had a fighting chance for a {qw years. He accepted the challenge bravely and for more than ten years held the disease in check. During the spring of 1894 his college dedicated the Barney Science Hall, which had been built largely under the stimulus of his presence in the faculty; but he was never permitted to work in it.

The fourth period, from 1894 to 1904, covers the remaining years of his life.

This decade, filled with bodily pain and the worse torture of anxiety and mental unrest, is yet one of the most productive periods of his life. Much of the time was spent in the open with covered wagon and camp kit, and with the return of strength scientific interests again absorbed his attention. Naturally in this case he again turned to geology and an extensive series of articles on the geology of New Mexico bears testimony to the industry of these apparently aimless wanderings. The first scientific work done in the Territory, however, was a revision of his earliest important work, the Crustacea of Minnesota. As soon as his geological knowledge became known his services were in demand as a mining expert and during the later

520 Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology.

years of his life in the Territory he supported liimself and his family chiefly b}' practicing this profession as strength permitted. In 1898 he took the degree of Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota. For four years (1897- 1901) he was president of the territorial university at Albuquerque, though at the close of the third year it became evident that the strain of the executive work and confinement were too hard for him, and the connection during the fourth year was mainly one of supervision and general control.

During his last year there was an obvious foiling of physical strength, so that long field trips had to be abandoned. But the more quiet life gave opportunity for a thorough recasting of many questions and formulation of matters which had been in his mind all his life. So that before his death much of the philosophical correlation, of which mention has been made, was effected. A number of articles have already been published in the philosophical serials bearing on these matters and there is a considerable collection of MSS. remaining, much of which can doubtless be edited for publication. It is gratifying to know that he had the satisfaction of seeing this work so well rounded out before his death and that the latest months of his life were much more restful than those preceding, some of which were marked by extreme suffering. He continued in about the usual health until September 8, when he again had a series of uncontrollable hemorrhages, daily becoming weaker until on the morning of the 15th he peacefully passed away.

One essential feature of his success must receive mention here — the devoted heroism of his wife. His work was always stimulated by her interest and cooperation ; but during the last decade his life was unquestionably preserved by her self sacrificing care. She often accompanied him for weeks on wagon trips far from settlements in order to see that he had proper food and comforts, sometimes enduring severe hardships and sacrificing her own health for his welfare.

So much for a brief sketch of Professor Hekkick's life. Of his relation to the various institutions with which he was.

Clarence LntJier Hcnick. 5 2 1

connected and the great stimulus which he gave to education by his connection with them, an account will be given in other biographical notices soon to appear in the Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, which he founded. It remains here to say something of Dr. Herrick, first, as an investigator and thinker, and secondly, as a teacher and as a man.

In estimating the character of his work it is difficult to say whether he was primarily an investigator or a philosopher. And this is to his great credit for he combined in a remarkable degree the qualifications of an expert in both of these lines. He had at once acute perceptions, and keen insight for scientific details, and a broad philosophic horizon and perspective which peculiarly fitted him for the work he undertook of throwing light upon the nature of consciousness from the neurological side. A glance at the appended bibliography will show that a philosophic scope as well as a scientific specialization characterized all his work.

His work in every line was extremely suggestive, and it should be added, seldom exhaustive, though certain of his neurological and geological papers reveal his power of accurate and detailed research. But his thought ever was moving forward, and he was impatient of the routine details which would put any check upon his richly developing insight.

His scientific labors fall in three states — Minnesota, Ohio, and New Mexico. Of his work in geology during the first and second periods of his life we have already spoken. His neurological work was done mostly during the second and third periods, while connected with the University of Cincinnati and with Denison University.

The first contribution in neurology was the elementary chapter on the nervous system appended to the translation of Lotze's Outlines of Psychology, published in Minneapolis, in 1885. This is significant not so much for its content (though here the dynamic point of view is dominant) as for its context. The juxtaposition, in a manual designed for an elementary text

522 Joiinial of Coiiiparative Neurology and Psychology.

book, of Lotze's lectures and original lectures on the mechanism of the brain was a decided novelty in those days.

In 1889 he began work in earnest on the nervous systemand immediately there appeared a series of papers in rapid succession, some of great length and others mere jottings. The first long paper was published with Professor W. G. Tight in the Denison University Bulletin in 1890, and was entitled "The Central Nervous System of Rodents." This paper contains nineteen double plates and a vast amount of observation; and was designed as a preliminary survey of the field, the plates to form the basis of further detailed observations and correlation. But he soon became convinced that this correlation could best be attempted after a thorough study of several types of lower brains and the series was interrupted. At the time of his breakdown in 1894 he was just about to take up again by the degeneration methods a more thorough study of the mammalian brain. Thus this rodent paper stands now as an unfinished fragment.

This, however, illustrates well his plan of work, a plan which must be clearly understood in order to put a proper estimate on his published researches. He found correlation impossible and at once saw that only in primitive types could the key be found, and that too not in any one series, but only in the common features of many lower types. Accordingly he undertook to examine in rapid succession as material offered a large number of lower brains, taking voluminous notes and publishing the observed data as fast as they were ready. All of this work was fragmentary and much of it contained but little correlation. But the mass of facts gathered and recorded was enormous. He realized that the incessant strain on his eyes could not always be kept up, and planned to accumulate fact as rapidly as possible until failing eyes should impair his efficiency in this field. TJien he hoped to review the whole field of vertebrate neurology systematical!)-, using his own observations as the skeleton on which to build by study of literature and further research of his own on critical points, until the whole should take shape as a unity. When he settled in Granville

Clarence LiitJie}' Herrick. 523

the second time in 1893 he expected to begin that work of correlation, and this is doubtless the special significance of the announcement published at that time of a text-book on comparative neurology. But this period of work he was not able to enter far and the text-book is still unpublished. This manuscript, together with that of several other projected works on psychology and ethics, remains. It is yet too early to state how much of this matter can be edited for publication. If the last ten years of his life could have been spent in Granville, as was his plan, results of moment in the way of correlation would undoubtedly have followed. As it is, none of the papers in neurological lines were regarded by him as other than fragments.

The first important paper in neurology was published in the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History — "Notes upon the Brain of the Alligator." This is an elaborate descriptive article illustrated with nearly a hundred of the beautiful pen drawings which he used so freely in all of his work.

The second neurological paper of special importance was the leading article in the first issue of this Journal, on the histogenesis of the cerebellum in correlation with its comparative anatomy. This paper was ignored largely by the workers immediately following, but its main points have been fully confirmed by later students. It is really, though very brief, one of his best contributions.

Of the remaining neurological papers, the most important were published in this Journal, those in the Anatotniuker Anzeiger, American Naturalist, etc., being for the most part summaries of the longer articles. These were descriptive articles, in most cases, devoted mainly to the brains of fishes and reptiles, with some atrention to amphibians.

The greater part of his descriptions of the fish brain have since been worked over with the same sections which he used in hand, and his descriptions have been found to be very exact, though often so brief as to make it difficult to understand them without reference to the preparations. Furthermore they stand the test of control by the more recent neurological methods very well, though of course not always in detail. His method

524 Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology.

of pushing a given research through rapidly enabled him to cover a great deal of ground with surprising fidelity to the facts of his material. But the method results in a positive hardsliip to his readers, since the matter was not fully digested and correlated before publication. While, therefore, this matter is of great value, it is hard to read and will not be used fully save by a few specialists until it is worked over and correlated within itself and with other more recent work. It is hoped that this ma}' be done soon. The facts as stated must necessarily serve as the basis for any future work on the types which he studied.

After his departure for New Mexico a few brief neurological articles were published, but only fragments remaining from his earlier work or critical articles. This period was devoted chiefly to geology and other studies which could be pursued out-of-doors, and more recently to philosophical writing.

In 1892 he contributed a short paper to the Leuckart Festschrift. In 1893 he wrote four articles for the supplement to Wood's Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences. He also wrote a few articles for the second edition of the Handbook, beginning in 1900. In conjunction with C. Judson Herrick, he prepared the neurological articles for the Baldwin Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, some of these being encyclopedic articles of considerable length.

The best years of his life were devoted to his neurological work and it is all of a high order of merit, yet one feels that in very little of it did he do himself justice. His impetuous temperament and phenomenal ability to turn off research rapidly is partly responsible for this ; but its unsatisfactory character is largely due to the fact that it was cut off prematurely. He never had the patience to polish his work as some like to see it done, and it would have been much more accessible if he had put even the unfinished reports of progress into more systematic form. Yet, even as it is, the aggregate is a monumental work to stand as the out-put of only about half a decade of productive work.

Of his work in New Mexico one who had first-hand knowledge writes as follows :

Clarence Liitlur He nick. 525

"He first resided, with his family, in Albuquerque, and while gaining strength, began to study the local fauna and flora. Perhaps it may be allowable to give an incident from this period of his life, for it is most typical of him.

"While recovering strength he was accustomed to lie upon a couch in the open air. His microscope was close at hand, and he began at once the study of our fresh water crustaceans. For a few minutes he would study his creature under the microscope, make his exquisite drawings, write out his description, when, being seized with a coughing spell, he would be forced to his couch completely exhausted, to remain there perhaps half an hour before he could resume his study.

"This incident illustrates two characteristics. It illustrates first, his unremitting labors. Only when necessity compelled did he cease his labor. True, he had his recreations, but these were often of such a character as to be downright labor for most men. The incident also illustrates, secondly, his deep thirst for knowledge. Only he who has drunk at the fountain of in spiration could labor so incessantly under conditions so unfavorable.

"After some months spent in Albuquerque, Professor Herrick and his family moved to Socorro. There he became interested in geological studies, and also collected a considerable herbarium of native plants. He contributed occasional articles to the Journal of Comparative Neurology . In the spring of 1897 he, in company with his son Harry and Dr. Maltbv, made an exploring trip to the Tres Marias Islands, off the western coast of Mexico, where a large natural history collection was made.

"Upon his return from Mexico, Professor Herrick was elected President of the University of New Mexico, and began his new labors in 1897. His wide experience, having been connected with three universities, viz., Minnesota, Cincinnati and Denison, his several trips to Germany, where he met and worked with the leaders in the biological sciences, his national reputation in fields of zoology, geology, neurology, psychology and philosophy, gave him an ideal preparation as a college president. No wonder, then, that he drew to him immediately a

526 Jounial of Comparative Neurology and Psychology.

number of advanced students who were inspired by his genius and broad knowledge, and who fairly worshiped him.

"In passing, it may be mentioned that under him the policy of the University was completely reversed. From a literary academy, it became a scientific school ; from a preparatory school it developed into a college with a post-graduate department. In three short years the institution was placed where it belonged — at the head of the school system of New Mexico.

"Upon entering his new duties, Dr. Herrick commenced the biological and geological survey of the territor)'.

' 'Two volumes of original investigations in these lines speak for themselves. In addition, contributions were made to some of the leading journals of America, especially to tlie Journal of Comparative Neurology, the American Geologist and the Psychological Reviezv.

Of Professor Herrick's contributions to philosopiiy a word should be said. That his interest was a deep and abiding one is abundantly evident from a glance at his writings which include many articles and discussions dating from the publication in 1882 of his translation of Lotze's lectures on psychology to the series of articles on "Dynamic ReaHsm" which he had begun to publish in the Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific MetJwcis, at the time of his death. He made frequent short contributions to the Psychological Reviezv, besides publishing various articles of a psychological and philosophical character in the columns of his own Journal. His interest in problems of ethics and religion is evidenced by divers articles in certain of the religious periodicals as well as by much unpublished MS.

Of his metaphysical writings it should be said that they were always inspired by his scientific researches. He never was satisfied with the easy philosophy of the "anti-metaphysical" standpoint of many fellow scientists. Ps)cho-physical parallelism he regarded as "the Great Bad." The aim of his life was to throw^ light upon just such so-called insoluble problems as the relation of consciousness to the brain. "Ignorabimus" is a word which never fell from his lips. The unity of

'. Clarence LiitJier Herrick. 5^7

the material and the mental is a truth upon which he came to lay increasing stress in his later years. Starting from a Lotzean spiritualistic idealism he never lost hold of the monism which characterizes that philosophic world-view, though in many respects he worked beyond it, his scientific studies serving to correct any tendency to an exclusive emphasis upon the mental. This is seen in the title under which his latest writings appear — "Dynamic realism" — in which many will find hints of a coming philosophic movement which is to reinterpret the fixed ontological categories of a past metaphysics in more dynamic and organic terms.

Of his contributions to the theory as to the nature of consciousness (equilibrium theory oi consciousness), the physiological basis of the emotions, theory of pleasure-pain (summationirradiation theory of pleasure-pain), his discussion of the reflex arc or organic circuit under the terms of his own coining ("aesthesodic" and "kinesodic"), and in general his interpretation of experience in dynamic and energic terms, we may not here speak in detail. But the attention of the readers of this Journal should be called to this side of his work as it is embodied in his various published writings and especially in certain writings which are yet to appear.

In the memory of his pupils Professor Herkick was greatest as a teacher. This statement can only be appreciated by those who knew him personally and were in his classes. There was no display or oratory. He was not what would be called a gifted public speaker, though he was often called upon for such services. It was in the class-room or about the seminar table or in general conversation that the inexhaustible fertility of his thought and fine suggestiveness of his language appeared. In his lectures one always knew that he was getting the best, the latest, the deepest results of his scientific research and philosophic reflection. Never was any work slighted in which his students were involved. Other things might be sacrificed — time, money, convenience, even health itself, but never the student. The result was that his teaching was not confined to the class room or laboratory. There never was an occasion

528 Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology.

upon which he was not ready to suggest, advise, assist the groping mind in its search for the truth.

He was extraordinarily versatile in the class-room. He would lecture with a piece of chalk in each hand, sketching at the same time ambidextrously upon the blackboard the figure he was describing. Never did the lecture degenerate into a mere description of the figure. The figure he was describing was the figure in his mind, the figure that he was thereby suggesting in the student's mind. Such description and all the other instrumentalities of the class-room and laboratory were always kept in their proper place and proportion as means to the end of knowledge and insight. His artistic sense was too fine to allow them ever to degenerate into mere ends in themselves ; the technique of his teaching was in itself a work of art, the more that it was unconscious on his part. His courses in neurolog)', embryology, and histology were primarily courses in thinking. This is no doubt the reason why so many of his students look back upon his teaching as the period of their intellectual awakening.

One of his colleagues at Denison University says of him : "All who knew Professor Herrick loved him. Different friends had different reasons for loving him, but all agreed in loving. Christian people loved him because he was a loyal Christian man. Intellectual people loved and adinired him because of his brilliant and keen intellect ; and men in general loved him because they saw in him a true and noble man loving the truth and living it out in his daily life."

As has been said of another: "He did his work with a quietness which concealed its power. He contributed to science our best example of the scientific temper. He was a profound thinker. He was a successful teacher. He was a lover, in. spirer, and leader of youth."

H. HEATH BAWDEN.

Clarence LiitJier Heynck.- 529

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF C. L. HERRICK.

1877,

The Trenton Limestone at Minneapolis. Amer. Nat., 11, 247-248.

Ornithogical Notes. Fi/th Attn. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., for 1876, 230-237.

A New Cyclops. Fift/i Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat, first. Survey of Minn., for 1876, 238-239, 2 figs.

1879. Microscopic Entomostraca. Seventh Ann. Rep. Geol. ami Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., 81-164, 21 pi.

Fresh Water Entomostraca. Amer. Nat., 13, 620-624, 4 pl 1882.

Papers on the Crustacea of the Fresh Waters of Minnesota. I. Cyclopidae of Minnesota. II. Notes on Some Minnesota Cladocera. III. On Notadromas and and Cambaras. Tenth Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., for 1881, 219-254, II pi.

Habits of Fresh Water Crustacea. Amer. Nat., 16, 813-S16.

A New Genus and Species of the Crustacean Family of Lyncodaphnidae. Amer. Nat., 16, 1006- 1007.

1883.

Types of Animal Life, Selected for Laboratory Use in Inland Districts. Part 1. Arthropoda. Minneapolis, 33 pp., 7 pi.

Heterogenetic Development in Diaptomus. Amer. Nat., YI , 381-389.

Heterogenesis in the Copepod Crustacea. .Amer. Nat., 17, 499-505.

A Blind Copepod of the P'amily llarpacticidae. Amer. Nat., 17, 206.

1884.

[Abstract of] Minnesota Laws Relating to Mines and Mining. Eleventh Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., for 1882, 195-212.

A Final Report on the Crustacea of Minnesota Included in the Orders Cladocera and Copepoda. Together with a Synopsis of the described Species in North America and Keys to the known .Species of the more Important Genera. Twelfth Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Suri'ey of Minn., for 1883, Part V, 1-192, 30 pi.

1885.

Notes on the Mammals of Big Stone Lake and Vicinity. Thirteenth Ann. Rep. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn., for 1884, 1 78- 1 86.

Outlines of Psychology : Dictations from Lectures by Hermann Lotze. Translated with the addition of a Chapter on the Anatomy of the Brain. Minneapolis, x -[- 150 pp., 2 pi.

The Evening Grosbeak, Hesperiphona vespertina, Bonap. Bui. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 1, 5-15, 2 pi.

Metamorphosis and Morphology of Certain Phyllopod Crustacea. Bui. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 1, 16-24, 5 pl Mud-Inhabiting Crustacea. Bui. Sci. Lab. Demson Univ., 1,37-42, i pi.

Notes on American Rotifers. Bui. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 1, 43-62, 4 pi.

A Compend of Laboratory Manipulation [Lithological]. Bui. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 1, 121-I36, I pi.

530 Joiinial of Comparative Neurology and Psychology.

Tables for the Determination of the Principal Rock-forming Minerals. Translated and Modified from Ilussak's Tabellen zur Bestimmung der Mineralien. fin/. Sci. Lad. Dentson Univ., 1, 39 pp.

1886.

Certain Homologous Muscles. Science, 7, ^96.

1887.

Contribution to the Fauna of the (julf of Mexico and the South. List of the Fresh-Water and Marine Crustacea of Alabama, with Descriptions of the New Species and Synoptical Keys for Identification. Meinoi>s of the Denisen Sci. Assoc, Granville, O., 1, No. i, 1-56, 7 pi.

A Sketch of the Geological History of Licking County Accompanying an Illustrated Catalogue of Carboniferous Fossils from Flint Ridge, Ohio. Bui. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 2, Pt. i, 4-70, 6 pi.

Geology and Lithology of Michipicoten Bay. Bui. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 2, Pt. 2, 1 19-143, 4 pi. (With W. G. Tight and II. L. Jones).

Sketch of the Geological History of Licking County. No. 2. Bui. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 2, Pt. 2, 144-148, i pi.

1888.

Science in Utopia. A/ner. iVat., 2.2., 698-702.

Some American Norytes and Gabbros. Ainer. Geolo<{ist, 1, No. 6, 339-346, I pi. (With E. S. Clark and J. L. Deming).

The theology of Licking County, Ohio. Parts [HI and] I\^ The Subcarboniferous and Waverly Groups. Bui. Set. Lab. Denison Univ., 3, Pt. I, 131 10, 12 pi.

Geology of Licking County. Part IV. List of Waverly Fossils, Continued. Bui Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 4, Pt. [, i L-60, 97-123, 11 pi.

1889.

Educational Briefs. Bui. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 4, Pt. 2, 135-138.

Lotze's Ontology — The Problem of Being. Bui. Sci. Lab. Denison Umv., 4, Pt. 2, 139-1+6.

Notes upon the Waverly Cjroup in Ohio .inter. Geologist, 3, 50-51, 94-99,

4 pl.

A Contribution to the Histology of the Cerebrum. The Cincinnati LancetClinic.

1890.

Additions and Corrections to Miller's North American Palaeontology. Amer. Geologist, 5, No. 4, 253-255.

Notes upon the Brain of the Alligator. Jouru. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. LList., 12, 129-162, 9 pl.

Suggestions upon the Significance of the Cells of the Cerebral Cortex. The Microscope, 10, No. 2, 33-38, 2 pl.

The Central Nervous System of Rodents. Preliminary Paper. Bui. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., 5, 35-95, 19 pl- (With W. G. Tight).

The Philadelphia Meeting of the International Congress of Geologists. Auier. Geologist, 5, 379-388.

1891.

The Cuyahoga Shale and the Problem of the Ohio Waverly. Bui. Geological Soc. of America, 2, 31-48, i pl.

Clarence Luther Herrick. 5 3 i

The Commissures and Histology of the Teleost Brain. Anat. Anz., 6, 676-681, 3 figs.

Biological Notes upon Fiber, Geoniys and Erethyzon. Bu/. Sc/'. Lab. Denison Univ., 6, Pt. i, 15-25. (With C. Judson Herrick).

The Evolution of the Cerebellum. Science, 18, 188-189.

Contributions to the Comparative Morphology of the Central Nervous System. I. Illustrations of the Architectonic of the Cerebellum. Jotirn. Comp. Neiir., 1, 5-14, 4 pi.

Contrtbutions to the Comparative Morphology of the Central Nervous System. H. Topography and fiistology of the Urain of Certain Reptiles. /ourn. Comp. Neur., 1, 14-37, 2 pi.

Laboratory Technique. A New Operating Bench. Journ. Comp. A'^cur., 1, 38.

Editorial. The Problems of Comparative Neurology. Journ. Comp. A'eur.,

1, 93-105 Notes upon. Techniijue. Journ. Comp. A'eur., ■y^ 133-134.

Contributions to the Comparative Morphology of the Central Nervous System. III. Topography and Histology of the Brain of Certain Ganoid Fishes. Journ. Comp. New., 1, 149-182, 4 pi.

Editorial. Neurology and Psychology, fourv. Comp. Neur., 1, 183-200.

Contributions to the Morphology of the Brain of Bony Fishes. (Part I by C. Judson Herrick). Part H. Studies on the Brains of Some American Freshwater Fishes. Journ. Comp. A'eur.^ 1, 228-245, 333-85S, 5 pi.

1892.

The Mammals of Minnesota. A Scientific and Popular Account of their Features and Habits. Bulletin No. 7, Geological ami Nat. Hist. SurTey of Minn., 300 pp., with 23 figures and 8 plates.

Notes upon the Anatomy and Histology of the F'rosencephalon of Teleosts. Anier. A'at., 26, No. 2, 1 12-120, 2 pi.

Additional Notes on the Teleost Brain. Anat. Anz., 7, Nos. 13-M, 422431, 10 figs.

Notes upon the Histology of the Central Nervous System of Vertebrates. Festschrift zum siebenzigsten Gebutrstage Rudolf Leuckharts, 278-288, 2 pi.

The Cerebrum and Olfactories of the Opossum, Didelphys virginica. /ourn. Comp. Neur., 2, 1-20; and Bui. Set. Lab. Demson Univ., 6, Pt. 2, 75-94, 3 pi.

Contributions to the Morphology of the Brain of Bony Fishes. Part II. Studies on the Brain of Some American Fresh- water Fishes (Continued), /ourn. Comp. Neur., 2, 21-72, 8 pi.

Neurologists and Neurological Laboratories. No. i. Professor Gustav Fritsch. With portrait, /ourn. Comp. A'eur. ^ 2, 84-88.

The Psychophysical Basis of Feelings. Journ. Comp. Neur., 2, 1 :i-ii4.

Instances of Erronious Inference in Animals. Journ. Comp. Neur., 2, 114.

Editorial. Instinctive Traits in Animals. Journ. Comp. Neur. 2, 115-136.

Histogenesis and Physiology of the Nervous Elements, /ourn. Comp. Neur.,

2, 136-149 Intelligence in Animals. Journ. Comp. Neur., 2, 157-158. Embryological Notes on the Brain of the Snake, /ourn. Comp. A'eur., 2, 169-176, 5 pi.

532 Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology.

Localization in the Cat. Journ. Couip. Ncur.^ 2, 190-192.

1893.

Observations upon the so-called Waverly (uoup of Ohio. Ohio Geological Survey, 7, 495-515.

The Scope and Methods of Comparative Psychology. Denison Quarterly, 1, i-io; 134-141 ; 179-187; 264-281.

Articles in Woods Reference Hand-book of the Medical Sciences, 9, Suppl., as follows: (i) The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System ; (2) The Histogenesis of the Elements of the Nervous System ; (3) The Physiological and Psychological Basis of the Emotions; (4) Waller's Law.

The Evolution of Consciousness and of the Cortex. Science, 21, No. 543, 351-352 The Development of Medullated Nerve Fibers. Journ. Coinp. Neur., 3 II-16, I pi.

Editorial. The Scientific Utility of Dreams. Journ. Coinp. Ncur., 3^ 17-34 The Hippocampus in Reptilia. Journ. Coinp. .Veur., 3, 56-60.

Contributions to the Comparative ALirpoIogy of the Central Nervous System. H. Topography and Histology of the Brain of Certain Reptiles (Continued) . Journ. Conip. Ncur., 3, 77-106, Iig-140, II pi.

Report upon the Pathology of a Case of General Paralysis. Journ. Conip. Neur., 3, 141-162, and Bulletin No. i of the Columbus State Hospital for the Insane, t; pi.

The Callosum and Hippocampal Region in Marsupial and Lower Brains. Journ. Coinp. Ncur., 3, 176-1S2, 2 ])1.

1894.

The Seat of Consciousness, /ourn. Coinp. Neur., 4, 221-226.

1895.

Synopsis of the Entomostraca of Minnesota, with Descriptions of Related Species, Comprising all Known Forms from the United States Licluded in the Orders Copepoda, Cladocera, Ostracoda. Gcolo.:ical and Nat. Hist. Survey oj AJtnn., Zoological Series, 2, 1-525, 81 pi. (With C. H. Turner).

Microcrustacea from New Mexico. Zool. .Anz., 18, No. 467, 40-47.

Modern Algedonic Theories. Journ. Conip. A'cur., 5, 1-32.

The Histogenesis of the Cerebellum. Journ. Coinp. Ncur., 5, 66-70.

Notes on Child Experiences. Journ. Coinp. Xcur., 5, 119- 1.^3.

Editorial. The Cortical Optical Center in Pirds. Journ. Loiiip. Ncur., 5, 208-209.

Editorial. Neurology and Monism. Poiini. Coinp. .Veui., 5, 209-JI4.

1896.

Suspension of the Spatial Consciousness. /'svi/i. AVr., 3, 191-192.

Focal and Marginal Consciousness, I'sycli. Rev., 3, 193-194.

The Testimony of Heart Disease to the Sensory Facies of the Emotions. Psych. J\cv., 3, 320-322.

Illustrations of Central Atrophy after ICye Injuries. Journ. Coinp. Neur., 6, 1-4, I pi.

Lecture Notes on Attention. An Illustration of the l-^mployment of Neurological Analogies for Psychical i'roblenis. Journ. Coinp. Neur., 6, 5-14.

Clarence LulJier Jlerriek. 533

The Psycho-sensory Climacteric. Psych., Rei'., 3, 657-661.

The Critics of Ethical Monism. l^enisoii Qiiartfrly, 4, 240-252.

The So-cnllcd Socorro Tripoli. Am. Geologist, 18, I.;5-I40, 2 [)1.

1897.

Kclilorial. The Ethics of Criticism. Jomn. Comp. Nciir., 7, 71-72.

I'svcholoLjical Corrollaries of M<jclcrn .Neuroloijical Discoveries. Jouru. Coinp. Ncur. , 7, 155-161.

Incjuiries Regarding Current Tendencie.s in Neurological Nomenclature, [oiirii. Conip. Neur., 7, 162-168. (With C. Judson Herrick).

The Propogatioii of Memories. Psych. AV?'. , 4, 294-296.

The Ceology of a Typical Mining Camp. Ant. Geo/., 19, 256-262, 2 pi.

The W aveily (Iroup of Ohio. Finn! Rep. Geol. Sur-'cv of Ohio, 7, 256262, 2 pi.

1898.

The(leology of the hhuirons of .\lluu|uer(pie, New .\le.\ico. Am. Geol., 21, 26-43, ' I-- 5 .si^ Occurrence of Co[)]H'r and Lead in the San Andieas and Cahallo Mountains, New Mexico. Am. Geo/.. 22, 28^291, i fig I'apeis on the Cieology of .\e\v Mexico. />'///. Sci. La/'. Ihnisov Univ., 11, 7v')2, 4 pi.

The Ceologv of the San i'edro and .\ll)iujucr(|ue Districts. Bit/. Sci. Iai/i. Deiiisoii Univ., 11, 93-11(1.

IMivsiological Corollaries of tlie l",(piilil)vium I'heory of Nervous Action and Control. Jown. Comp. Neur., 8, 21-31.

riie Somatic liquilihrium aii<! the Nerve Endings in the Skin. J'art L /oiirn. Comp. Neiir., 8, 32-56, 5 ])!. (With C. E. Coghill).

The Cortical Motor Centei> in Lower Mammals. Jonrn. Co»ip. Neur., 8, 92-98, 1 pi.

The N'ital l';(|uilihrium ami the \er\-ous System. Science^ N. S., 7, -N^o. 181, 8 1 3-8 18.

1899.

Notes on a Collection of Lizards from .\e\v Mexico. Bu/. Sci. Lab. Deuison i^///T.. 11, 117-148, II pi. (With John Terr}- and LI. N. LJerrick, Jr.).

'i'hc Material Versus the Dynamic I'sychology. Psych. /iV?'., 6, 180-187.

.I-lditorial. Clearness anil Lnilormily in .Xeuiological Descriptions. Journ. Comp. Neur., 9, I 50- 1 52.

Cie<jgra|)hy of .New .Mexico. .\ chaptei' in the .Natural .\il\-anced (Geography. Nt-iO York, Am. Book Co., O pp., map and i; figs.

1900.

Tlu' (u-ology of 1 lie Whilr Sands of New .Mexico. /,)//;//. Geo/.. 7 , Wl128, 3 pi.

The (leologv of tlie .Mbrnjuei-que Sheet. Bu/. Sci. La//. r\')tisou Uh/t., 11, 175-231-), 1 map and 32 pi. (Willi D. \V. Johnson).

Rejiort of a Ceologieal Reconnaissance in Western Soc(jrro and \'alencia Cfliinties, New .Mexico. Am. Geol., 25, 331-346, 2 jjI.

Identihcation of an ()hio Coal Measures Horizon in .New .Mexico. A>n. Geol., 25, 234-242. (Willi r. .\. Ueiidrat).

534 Joitnial of Coiiiparaihc Neurology and Psychology.

1901.

Neurological .Vrticles lor lialdwin'.s Dictionary ol Philosophy and PsvcIkjIogy. JVeiv York, The Mactnillan Co. (With C. Judson Herrick).

Article on The Development of the Brain in Woods Reference Hand-book of the Medical Sciences. Second Edition, 2, 26S-282.

1903.

Secondary Enrichment of Mineral Veins in Regions of Small Erosion. Miriing and Scit-ntific Press, San Francisco, 87, 97 1904.

Laws of Eormation of New Mexico Mountain Ranges. At/i. Ccol.. 33, 301-312, 2 pi.

Block Mountains in New Mexico : A Correction. Am. GcoL, 33, 393 The Clinoplains of the Rio Grande. Am. GeoL, 33, 376-381.

Lake Otero, an Ancient Salt Lake Basin in Southeastern New Mexico. .4m. Gtol., 34, 174-189, 2 pi.

A Coal Measure Forest near Socorro. New Mexico. Jottrn. GeoL. 12, 237252.

The Logical and I'sychologica! l^istinction betwee the True and the Real. Fsyc/i. Rev., 11, 204-210.

Fundamental Concepts and Methodology of Dynamic Realism. Journ. Phil., Psy., Sci. Methods, 1, 281-288.

The Dynamic Concept of the Individual. Journ. PJiil.. Psy., Sci. Ahthods,

1, 373-378.

Editorial L'Envoi. Jo7trn. Comp. Ncnr. and Psych., 14, 62-63.

The Beginnings of Social Reaction in Man and Lower Animals. Journ. Comp. Neur. and Psych., 14, 1 18-124.

Color Vision (a critical digest). Journ. Comp. Nenr. and Psycli.. \A, 2-,i,2S1.

Recent Contributions to the l!ody-Mind Controversy. Journ. Comp. A'eur. and Psych., 14, 421-432.

The Law of Congruousness and its Logical Application to Dynamic Realism. Journ. Phil., Psy., Sci. Methods, 1, 595-604.

Mind and Body — The Dynamic View. Psych. Rev., 11, 395-409.

Volume XIV

MARCH, 1904 Number I

The Journal of Comparative

Neurology and Psychology

(Continuing the Journal of Comparative Neurology.)

EDITORS

C. L. HERRICK, Socorro, New Mexico.

C. JUDSON HERRICK, Manager, ROBERT M. YERKES, Denison University. Harvard University.

ASSOCIATED WITH

OLIVER S. STRONG, HERBERT S. JENNINGS,

Columbia University. University of Pennsylvania.

COLLABORATORS.

J. MARK BALDWIN, Johns Hopkins University FRANK W. BANCROFT, University of California LEWELLYS F. BARKER, University of Chicago H. HEATH BAWDEN, Vassar College ALBRECHT BBTHE, University of Strassburg G. E COGHILL, Pacific University FRANK J. COLE, University of Liverpool H. E. CRAMPTON, Columbia University C. B. DAVENPORT, University of Chicago WM. HARPER DAVIS, Columbia University HENRY H. DONALDSON, University of Chicago LUDWIG EDINGER, Frankfurt a-M. S. I. FRANZ, Dartmouth College A. VAN GEHUCHTEN, University of Louvain R. G. HARRISON, Johns Hopkins University C. F. HODGE, Clark University S. J. HOLMES, University of Michigan EDWIN B. HOLT, Harvard University G. CARL HUBER, University of Michigan JOSEPH J ASTRO W, University of Wisconsin J. B. JOHNSTON, West Virginia University

B. F, KINGSBURY, Cornell University FREDERIC S. LEE, Columbia University JACQUES LOEB, University of California ADOLF MEYER, N. Y. State Pathological Inst. THOS. H. MONTGOMERY, Jr., Univ. of Texas WESLEY MILLS, McGill University

C. LLOYD MORGAN, University College.Bristol T. H. MORGAN, Bryn Mawr College

A. D. MORRILL, Hamilton College HUGO MUENSTERBERG, Harvard University W. A. NAGEL, University of Berlin G. H. PARKER, Harvard University STEWART PATON, Johns Hopkins University RAYMOND PEARL, University of Michigan C. W. PRENTISS, Western Reserve University C. S, SHERRINGTON, University of Liverpool G. ELLIOT SMITH, Gov't. Medical School, Cairo EDWARDL.THORNDIKE, Columbia University JOHN B. WATSON, University of Chicago W. M. WHEELER, Am. Museum of Nat. History C. O. WHITMAN, University of Chicago.

Published bi-monthly DENISON UNIVERSITY, GRANVILLE, OHIO

International Instrument Co.

MAKERS AND DEALERS IN

HIGH GRADE SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY APPARATUS

Duty free importations for educational institutions.

OUR OWN SPECIALTY— Execution of New Designs for the Lecture Table, Laboratory and for Investigation.

Send for information in regard to our new Chronograph — Large Capacity Centrifuges — Thermostats — Vacuum and Compression Air Outfits.

International Instrument Co.,

23 Church St., Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A.

Cbe 3mm\ of Comparative neurology and Psycbologv

PUBLISHER'S ANNOUNCEMENT.

Complete sets of back numbers of The Journal of Comparative Neurology are for sale at this office at the rate of $3 50 per volume unbound, carriage pre-paid. Numbers are sold seperately at prices varying with the contents. Special combination offer for I Q04 :

Cbe Journal of Comparative neurology and

Psychology .... $4.00 Journal of nervous and mental Disease . 5.00

Both for . . $7,25

Orders must be accompanied by reremittance and should be sent directly to the Manager at this office.

C. Judson Hcrrick, Denison University, - Granville, Ohio.

^ Leitz's Microscopes

jBi ^^^ the Standard of Excellence.

j^\ Sliding and Rotary Microtomes

jfciwB!!?^ ^^ Latest Improved Form.

1|W^^^^ Bacteriological Jipparatus

^^^^^^ Laboratory Supplies

BilV^^P^ Duty free prices to Educational Institutions.

^^^■^^^mgyiyi^,^^ Catalogues sent on application.

Mew York: y^ T" •* Chicago:

411 W. 59th h I 01T7 52 Clark Street. '*-'• J-^^^*"^ cor. Lake St.

CBe Popular Science momwy

The Contents of the March Number inckide the following articles :

Aerial Navigation. O. Chanute.

The Metric System : Shall it be Compulsory? Professor W. Le Conte Stevens.

The Conservation of Energy in Those of Advancing Years. Dr. J. Madison Taylor.

The Royal Prussian Academy of Science, Berlin. Edward F. Williams.

The Tropical Station at Cinchona, Jamaica. Dr. N. L. Britton.

Education and Industry. Professor Edw. D. Jones.

Evolution Not the Origin of Species. O. F. Cook.

Some Historical Aspects of Vegetarianism. Professor Lafayette B. Mendel.

Tokyo Toikoka Dragaku (The Imperial University of Tokyo). Nachide Yatsu.

The Piirn.AK Scien'CE Monthly has had few rivals and no equal in the educative service it has done for the American people. A complete set of the volumes thus far published is both a history of science for the j^eriod covered and at the same time a pretty complete cyclopedia of natural science. There is nothing to fill its place, and to carry it on is a benefaction to the public. — \V. T. Harris, U. S. Commissioner of Education.

The Popular Science Monthly,

SUB-STATION 84, NEW YORK CITY.

$3.00 per year. 30 cents per co])y.

Jg^*"THE PniTi.AK ,Sci E.M ' 1'. MnxruiA' 7('i// he sent for six months fpr one dollar to new snl'scnbers iHciitioniiii; 'flic Journal of Comparative Ncuroloi;y and Psycholoay.

>f»o

GINN & COMPANY'S PUBLICATIONS^

The American Naturalist.

A monthly journal devoted to the natural sciences in their widest sense. Annual subscription $4.00 net, in advance. Single copies 35 cents.

Experimental Studies in Psychology and Pedagogy.

Edited by Lightner Witmer, Assistant Professor of Psychology in the University of Pennsylvania.

No. I. Spelling in the Elementary School: An Experimental and Statistical Investigation. By Oliver P. Cornman, Lecturer in Child-Psychology in the University of Pennsylvania, and Supervising Principal of the Northwest School, Philadelphia. Cloth. List price, $i.oo. Paper. List price, 75 cents.

No. II. The Sensation of Pain and the Theory of the Specific Sense Energies. By Anna J. McKeag, Dean and Professor of Philosophy in Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pa. List price, 75 cents.

Analytical Psychology.

A Practical Manual for Colleges and Normal Schools, presenting the Facts and Principles of Mental Analysis in the Form of Simple Illustrations and Experiments. By Lightner Witmer, Assistant Professor of Psychology in the University of Pennsylvania. List price, $1.50.

Rli\if%€itr»\ I 0r4nr<»c Delivered at Woods Hole, Mass., from 1893-1899. DlOIO^iCai H:ClUr«>. ^^^.^^^ ^^^ contents sent on request.)

GINN (a COMPANY, PiiblisHers,

29 Beacon St., Boston.

THE ANiEMIAS

yxcid readily to orgfanic, or tru« animal iron treatment*

A resort to inorganic iron preparations or tonics, serves only to stimulate corpuscular proliferation without supplying sufficient nutrition to mature the blood cells.

BOVININE

o contains ^0% ANIMAL IRON, 20% coag:uIabIe altmmen, and ev<»y element of nutrition of the animal, mineral, and vegetable kingdoms*

BO V I N I N E administration causes quick increase of the leucocytes, and a consequent arrest of all pathological processes*

BOVININE h advertised to the Profession only. Its formula Ss open to all*

A postal brings you our Hand-book on Haematherapy, giving valuable information to both the general practitioner and the specialist.

THE BOVININE COMPANY

75 W. HOUSTON STREET, NEW YORK

f

I

CONTENTS.

The Relation of the Motor Endings on the Muscle of the Frog to Neighboring Structures. By John Gordon Wilson, M.A., M.B. (Edin.) From the Hull Anatomical Laboratory of the University of Chicago. With Plates I and II. i

Space Perception of Tortoises. By Robert M. Yerkes. From

tite Harvard Psychological Laboratory 17

A Note on the Significance of the Form and Contents of the Nucleus in the Spinal Ganglion Cells of the Foetal Rat. By Shinkishi Hatai. From the Neurological Laboratory of the University of Chicago. With Plates III and IV. 27

An Establishment of Association in Hermit Crabs, Eupagtirus longicarpus. By E. G. Spaulding, Ph.D. (Bonn). College of the City of New York 49

Editorial 62

The Mid-Winter Meetings 65

Literary Notices 70

Animal Education, 70 — Metaphysics in Comparative Psychology, 72 — Clapar^de on Animal Consciousness, 74 — The Measurement of Mental Traits, 76 — Are Sounds, Made in the Air, Audible in the Water? 80 — Edingerand Wallenberg's Bericht, 81 — Substitution of Function after Nerve Anastomosis, 81 — The Cerebral Commissures Again, 81 — The Homologies of the Cerebellar Fissures, 82 — Mendel and Jacobsohn's Jahresbericht, Zt^ — Allis on the Anatomy of the Mackerel, 83.

THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY is published bi-monthly. The annual volume of six numbers comprises about 500 pages, with plates and text-figures. The subscription price is $4.00 a year, strictly net {foreign subscription, $4.30, 18 s., M. 18, 22 fr., L. 22), postage prepaid.

Authors receive 50 reprints of their papers gratis and additional copies are supplied at cost. All MSS. and matter for review relating to the Structure of the Nervous System and all business correspondence should be addressed to the Managing Editor at Denison University, Granville, Ohio. Editorial Matter relating to Comparalive Psychology and the Physiology of the Nervous System should be sent directly to Dr. Robert M. Yerkes, Psychological Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Application filed for entry as second-class matter in the Postotfice at Granville, 0.

Volume XIV

APRIL, 1904

Number 2

The Journal of Comparative

Neurology a ad ^^^^chology

(Continuing the Journal cf Compaiativc Neuroicgy-)

EDITORS

C. L. HERRICK, Socorro, New Mexico.

C. JUDSON HERRICK, Manager, DenisoD University

ROBERT M. YERKES, Harvard University

ASSOCIATED WITH

OLIVER S. STRONG,

Columbia University

HERBERT S. JENNINGS,

University of Pennsylvania

COLLABORATORS

J. MARK BALDWIN, Johns Hopkins University FRANK W. BANCROFT, University of California LEWELLYS F. BARKER, University of Chicago H. HEATH BAWDEN, Vasbar College ALBRECHT BETHE, University of Strassburg O. E COGHILL. Pacific University FRANK J. COLE, University of Liverpool H. E. CRAMPTON, Columbia University 0. B. DAVP:NP0RT. university of Chicago WM. HARPER IiAVIS, Columbia Univeisity HENRY H. DONALDSON, University of Chicago LUDWIG EDINGER, Frankfurt a-M. S I. FRANZ, Dartmouth College A. VAN GEHUOHTEN. University of Louvain R. G. HARRISON, Johns Hopkins University C. F. HODGE, Clark University S. J. HOLMES, University of Michigan EDWIN B. HOLT, Harvard University G. CARL HUBER, University of Michigan JOSEPH JASTROW, University of Wisconsin J. B. JOHNSTON, West Virginia University

B. F. KINGSBURY, Cornell University FREDERIC S. LEE, Columbia University JACQUES LOEB, University of California ADOLF MEYER, N. Y. State Pathological Inst. THOS H. MONTGOMERY, Jr., Univ. of Texas WESLEY MILLS, McGill University

C. LLOYD MORGAN, University College. Bristol T. H. MORGAN, Bryn Mawr College

A. D. MORRILL, Hamilton College HUGO MUENSTERBERG, Harvard University W. A. NAGEL, University of Berlin G. H. PARKER. Harvard University STEWART PATON, Johns Hopkins University RAYMOND PEARL, University of Michigan C. W PRENTISS, Western Reserve University C, S SHERRINGTON, University of Liverpool G. ELLIOT SMITH. Gov't. Medical School, Cairo EDWARD L. THOBNDIKE, Columbia University JOHN B. WATSON, University of Chicago W. M, WHEELER, Am. Museum of Nat. History C. 0. WHITMAN, University of Chicago

Published bi-monthly DENISON UNIVERSITY, GRANVILLE, OHIO

International Instrument Co.,

MAKERS AND DEALERS IN

HIGH GRADE SCIEMTIFIC

LABOKATOJiy APPARATUS.

EXECUTION OF NEW DESIGNS FOR THE LECTURE TABLE, LABORATORY, AND FOR INVESTIGATION.

Fig. 4

Plan

11

VARIABLE POTENTIAL HINGED FARADAY RING

TOR

ETHER AND ELECTRON

THERAPEUTICS,

The SECONDARIES HAVING

INTERCHANGEABLE.

INDEPENDENT,

REMOVABLE SECTIONS

AND

ADJUSTABLE SERIES

SPARK GAPS.

THE PRIMARY W/ITH

VARIABLE RESISTANCE.

18 9a

10,000 to 100,000 volt medical coil.

Send for information in regard to our new Chronograph — Large Capacity Centrifuges — Thermostats — Vacuum and Compression Air Outfits.

International Instrument Co.,

2S Church St., Cambridge, Mass.

Cbe Journal of Comparative neurology ana Psychology

PUBLISHER'S ANNOUNCEMENT.

Complete sets of back numbers of The Journal of Comparative Neurology are for sale at this office at the rate of $3 50 per volume unbound, carriage pre-paid. Numbers are sold separately at prices varying with the contents. Special combination offer for 1904 :

the Journal of Comparative neurology ana

Psychology . . , , $4.00 Journal of nervous ana mental Disease • 5.00

Both for . » $7.25

Orders must be accompanied by reremittance and should be sent directly to the Manager at this office.

C. Judson Hcrrick, Dcnison University, - Granville, Ohio.

The American Naturalist

A Monthly Jonrnal Devoted to the Natural Sciences lu Their Widest Sense.

Since its foundation in 1867 by four of the pupils of Louis Agassiz, THE AMERICAN NATURALIST has been a representative American magazine of Natural History and has played an important part in the advancement of science in this country.

The journal aims to present to its readers the leading facts and discoveries in the fields of Anthropology, General Biology, Zoology, Botany, Paleontology, Geology, and Mineralogy, and the various subdivisions of those subjects.

Anunal Subscription, $4.00 net, in advance. Single Copies, 35 cents. Foreign Subscription, $4.60.

IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC BOOKS

BERQEN'S

Foundations of Botany YOUNQ'S

Manual of Astronomy

niLLER'S

Laboratory Physics

MILLIKAN'S

Mechanics, Holecular Physics, and Heat

ncQREQORY'S

Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis

GINN & COMPANY, Publishers,

29 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

H. KuNDiG, Editeur, ii, Corraterie, Geneve.

Archives de Psychologie

PUBLIEES PAR

Th. Flournoy

Ed. Claparede

Dr en medecine. Dr en medecine.

Prof, de Psychologie experim. Privat-Docent de Pyschologie

a la Faculte des Sciences de I'Universite de Geneve.

Les Archives de Psychologie paraissent a epoque indeterminee. Chaque fascicule se vend separement et le prix en est fixe suivant sa grosseur et le nombre des figures. On peut toutefois souscrire d'avance au prix de 15 francs pour un volume (d'au moins 400 pages); avec le dernier fascicule du volume, les souscripteurs regoivent le titre et les tables des mati^res. — Les fascicules sont envoyes franco de port aux souscripteurs.

Tome l^"", vol. broche de 424 pages et 57 figures 15 fr.

Tome II, " " " 404 " " 28 " 15 "

Tome ill, (En cours de publication) 15 "

Aux nouveaux souscripteurs du tome III, les tomes ler et II sent laisses a leur ancien prix, soit 12 fr. chaque (frais de port compris).

The Psychological Review

EDITED BY

J. MARK BALDWIN HOWARD C. WARREN

AND

Johns Hopkins University Princeton University

WITH the co-operation OF

A. C. Armstrong, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.; Alfred Binet, Ecole des Hautes-Etudes, Paris; W. L. Bryan, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.; Mary W. Calkins, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; John Dewey, H. H. Donaldson, University of Chicago; C. Ladd Franklin, Baltimore; G. S. FuLLERTON, University of Pennsylvania; H.N. Gardiner, Smith College, Northampton, Mass.; G. H. HowisoN, University of California; Joseph Jastrow, University of Wisconsin ; Adolf Meyer, N. Y. Pathol. Institute, Ward's Island, N. Y.; Hugo Munsterberg, Harvard University; E. A. Pace, Catholic University, Washington ; G. T. W. Patrick, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Carl Stumpf, University, Berlin; R. M. Wenley, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.; and a special board for The Psychological Bulletin.

The Psychological Review, New Series, is issued in two sections; the Article Section, containing original contributions, appears bimonthly, on the first of January, March, May, July, September and November, the six numbers comprising a volume of at least 400 pages ; the Literary Section {Psychological Btdleiin) containing critical reviews, notices of books and articles, psychological news and notes, university notices, announcements, and shorter discussions, appears on the fifteenth of each month, and forms aseparate volume of at least 300 pages.

Auniial Subscription to Botli Sections, $4.00 (Postal Union,

$4.30); Bulletin alone, $2.00 (Postal Union, $2.20);

Single Numbers of Article Section, 50c.

(o3c.); of Bulletin, 26c. (27c.).

In connection with The Review there is published annually

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL INDEX

a bibliography of books, monographs, and articles upon psychological and cognate topics that have appeared during the year. The Index is issued in March, and may be subscribed for in connection with The Review, or purchased separately {Index and Review, $4.50 per annum ;, Postal Union, $4.85. Index alone, 75 cents ; Postal Union, 80 cents.)

In connection with The Review there is also published a series of

MONOGRAPH SUPPLEMENTS

consisting of longer researches or treatises which it is important to publish promptly and as units. The Monographs appear at irregular intervals and are gathered into volumes of about 500 pages, with a uniform subscription of $4.00 (Postal Union, $4.30). The price of single numbers varies according to the size. Five volumes have already been issued.

Subscriptions, orders and business communications may be sent direct to Professor H. C. Warren, Business Manager, Princeton, New Jersey, U. S. A., or forwarded through the publishers or agent.

PUBLISHED BY

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY,

41 N. Queen St., Lancaster, Pa. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York.

Agent: G. E. Stechert, London (2 Star Yard, Carey St., W. C);

Leipzig (Hospital St., 10); Paris (76 rue de Rennes).

Cl)e Popular Science mombly

The Contents of the March Number include the following- articles :

'fc>

Aerial Navigation, O. Chanute.

The Metric System : Shall it be Compulsory? Professor W. Le Conte Stevens.

The Conservation of Energy in Those of Advancing Years. Dr. J. Madison Taylor.

The Royal Prussian Academy of Science, Berlin. Edward F. Williams.

The Tropical Station at Cinchona, Jamaica. Dr. N. L. Britton.

Education and Industry. Professor Edw. D. Jones.

Evolution Not the Origin of Species. O. F. Cook.

Some Historical Aspects of Vegetarianism. Professor Lafayette B. Mendel.

Tokyo Toikoka Dragaku (The Imperial University of Tokyo). Nachide Yatsu.

The Popular Scienxe Monthly has had few rivals and no equal in the educative service it has done for the American people. A complete set of the volumes thus far published #is both a history of science for the period covered and at the same time a pretty complete cyclopedia of natural science. There is nothing to fill its place, and to carry it on is a benefaction to the public. — W. T. Harris, U. S. Commissioner of Education.

The Popular Science Monthly,

SUB-STATION 84, NEW YORK CITY.

$3.00 per year. 30 cents per copy.

"he Popular Science Monthly will be sent for six months for

one dollar to new subscribers mentioning The Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology.

^ AAAA AAAAA AAAAAAA AAAAAA AA A A A A A AAA A AAAAAAA AAA

■♦nf

True Animal Iron

Physicians everTwhere are lookingf for a Blood reconstructant that contains every element of nutrition of the animal* mineral and vegetable kingdoms^ viz.t A.iiimal Iron.

BOVININE.

< M ►

- CONTAINS 10% ANIMAL IRON, B,

tf 20^ Coagulable Albumen, and all the constituents of healthy Blood*

It is thoroughly sterile, requires little or no digestion, and produces

blood corpuscles that Mature* Herein lies its great superiority over

any and all the preparations of inorganic iron. Our scientific treatise on

Haematherapy for the asking. It contains reports of hundreds of cases.

THE BOVININE, COMPANY

t 75 West Hotiston Street, NEW YORK, ||

\k

Leitz's Microscopes

Are the Standard of Excellence.

Sliding and Rotary Microtomes

Of Latest Improved Form.

Bacteriological Apparatus

Laboratory Supplies

Duty free prices to Educational Institutions. Catalogues sent on application.

MetvYork: f^ T •# Chicago:

411 W. 59th H / 01 ty 52 .Clark Street. *^* '^^ *' *"^ cor. Lake St.

CONTENTS,

Physiological Evidence of the Fluidity of the Conducting Substance in the Pedal Nerves of the Slug — Ariolimax columbianus. By O. P. Jenkins and A. J. Carlson. From the Physiological Laboratory of Leland Sta^iford, Jr. , University. With one figure. . . . . . .85

The Nervous Structures in the Palate of the Frog : the Peripheral Networks and the Nature of their Cells and Fibers. By C. W. Prentiss, Instructor of Biology, Western Reserve University. With 12 figures. . . . '93

The Beginnings of Social Reaction in Man and Lower Animals.

By C. L. Herrick, Socorro, New Mexico. . . .118

Inhibition and Reinforcement of Reaction in the Frog, Rana clamitans. By Robert M. Yerkes. Fro7n the Harvard Psychological Laboratory. . . . . . .124

On the Behavior and Reactions of Limulus in Early Stages of its Development. By Raymond Pearl. From the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Michigan. With one figure. 138

Editorial. .......... 165

Recent Studies on the Fin^r Structure of the Nerve Cell. By

G. E. CoGHiLL, Professor of Biology, Pacific University. 171

Literary Notices. ........ 203

THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY is published bi-monthly. The annual volume of six numbers comprises about 500 pages, with plates and text-figures. The subscription price is $4.00 a year, strictly net (foreign subscription, $4.30, 18 s., M. 18, 22 fr,, L. 22), postage prepaid.

Authors receive 50 reprints of their papers gratis and additional copies are supplied at cost. All MSS. and matter for review relating to the Structure of the Nervous System and all business correspondence should be addressed to the Managing Editor at Denison University, Granville, Ohio. Editorial Matter relating to Comparative Psychology and the Physiology of the Nervous System should be sent direcdy to Dr. Robert M. Yerkes, Psychological Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

tSntered as second-class matter in the Postoffice at Granville, O.

(D.S.SIUtr^

Volume XIV

JUNE, 1904

Number 3

The Journal of Comparative

Neurology and Psychology

(Continuing the Journal of Comparative Neurology)

EDITORS

C. L. HERRICK, Socorro, New Mexico. C. JUDSON HERRICK, .Manager, ROBERT M. YERKES,

Denison University Harvard University

ASSOCIATED WITH OLIVER S. STRONG, HERBERT S. JENNINGS,

Columbia University

University of Pennsylvania

COLLABORATORS

J. MARK BALDWIN, Johns Hopkins University FRANK W. BANCROFT, University of California LEWELLYS F. BARKER, University of Chicago H. HEATH BAWDEN, Vassar Coliege ALBRECHT BETHE, University of Strassburg G. E COGHILI^, Pacific University FRANK J. COLE, University of Liverpool H. E. CRAMPTON, Columbia University C. B. DAVENPORT, University of Chicago WM. HARPER DAVIS, Columbia University HENRY H. DONALDSON, University of Chicago LUDWIG EDINGER, Frankfurt a-M. S I. FRANZ, McLean Hospital, Waverly, Mass. A. VAN GEHUCHTEN, University of Louvain R. G. HARRISON, Johns Hopkins University C. F. HODGE, Clark University S. J. HOLMES, University of Michigan EDWIN B. HOLT, Harvard University G. CARL HUBER, University of Michigan JOSEPH JASTROW, University of Wisconsin J. B. JOHNSTON, West Virginia University

B. F. KINGSBURY, Cornell Universitv FREDERIC S. LEE, Columbia University JACqUES LOEB, Universitv of California ADOLF MEYER, N. Y. State Pathological Inst. THOS. H. MONTGOMERY, Jr., Univ. of Texas WESLEY MILLS, McGill Universitv

C. LLOYD MORGAN, University College. Bristol T. H. MORGAN, Bryn Mawr College

A. D. MORRILL, Hamilton College HUGO MUENSTERBERG, Harvard University W. A. NAGEL, Universitv of Berlin G. H PARKER. Harvard University STEWART PATON, Johns Hopkins University RAYMOND PEARL, University of Michigan C. AV. PRENTISS, Western Reserve University C. S. SHERRINGTON, University of Liverpool G. ELLIOT SMITH, Gov't. Medical School, Cairo EDWARD L. THORNDIKE, Columbia University JOHN B. WATSON, Universitv of Chicago W. M WHEELER, Am. Museum of Nat. History C. O. WHITMAN, University of Chicago

Published bi-monthly LENISON UNIVERSITY, GRANVILLE, OHIO

The American Naturalist

A Monthly Journal Devoted to the Natural Sciences in Their Widest Sense.

Since its foundation in 1867 by four of the pupils of Louis Agassiz, THE AMERICAN NATURALIST has been a representative American magazine of Natural History and has played an important part in the advancement of science in this country.

The journal aims to present to its readers the leading facts and discoveries in the fields of Anthropology, General Biology, Zo5logy, Botany, Paleontology. Geology, and Mineralogy, and the various subdivisions of those subjects.

Annual Subscription, $4.00 net, in advance. Single Copies, 35 cents. Foreign Subscription, $4.60.

IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC BOOKS

BERQEN'S MILLIKAN'S

Foundations of Botany Mechanics, noiecular

YOUNQ'S Physics, and Heat

Manual of Astronomy ncQREQORY'S

niLLER'S Manual of Qualitative

Laboratory Physics Chemical Analysis

GINN & COMPANY, Publishers,

29 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

H. KiJNDiG, Editeur, ii, Corraterie, Geneve.

Archives de Psychologie

PUBLIEES PAR

Th. Flournoy Ed. Claparede

Dr en medecine. Dr en medecine.

Prof, de Psychologie experim. Privat-Docent de Pyschologie.

a la Faculte des Sciences de I'Universite de Geneve.

Les Archives de Psychologie paraissent k epoque indeterminee. Chaque fascicule se vend separement et le prix en est fixe suivant sa grosseur et le nombre des figures. On peut toutefois souscrire d'avance au prix de 15 francs pour un volume (d'au moins 400 pages); avec le dernier fascicule du volume, les souscripteurs regoivent le titre et les tables des matidres. — Les fascicules sont envoyes franco de port aux souscrip-teurs.

Tome |6^ vol. broche de 424 pages et 57 figures 15 fr.

Tome II, " " " 404 " " 28 " 15 "

Tome III, (En cours de publication) 15 "

Aux nouveanx souscripteurs du tome III, les tomes ler et II sont laisses i leur ancien prix, soit 12 fr. chaque (frais de port compris).

International Instrument Co.,

MAKERS AND DEALERS IN

HIGH GRJiBE SCIENTIFIC

LMBORATOIir APPARATUS.

Elevating Tripod Stand with Universal Adjustable Stationary Supports. Send for Bulletin on this.

International Instrument Co.,

25 Church. St., Cambridge, Mass.

The Psychological Review

KDITEl) BY

J. MARK BALDWIN HOWARD C. WARREN

AND

Johns Hopkins University Princeton University

WITH THE co-operation OK

A..C. Armstrong, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn ; Alfred Binet, Ecole des Hautes-Etudes, Paris; W. L. Bryan, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.; Mary W. Calkins, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; John Dewey, H. H. Donaldson, University of Chicago; C. Ladd Kranklin, ]5altimore; G. S. FuLLERTON, University of Pennsylvania; H.N. Gardiner, Smith College, Northampton, Mass.; G. H. HowisoN, University of California; Joseph Jastrow, University of Wisconsin; Adolf Meyer, N. Y. Pathol. Institute, Ward's Island, N. V.; Hugo Munsterherg, Harvard University; E. A. Pace, Catholic University, Washington ; G. T. W. Patrick, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Carl Stumpf, University, Berlin; R. M. Wenley, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.; and a special board for The Psychological Bulletin.

The Psychological Review, New Series, is issued in two sections ; the Article Section, containing original contributions, appears bimonthly, on the first of January, March, May, July, September and November, the six numbers comprising a volume of at lenst 400 p.nges ; the Literary Section [Psychological Bulletin) containing critical reviews notices of books and articles, psychological news and notes, university notices, announcements, and shorter discussions, appears on the fifteenth of each month, and forms aseparate volume of at least 300 pages.

Annual Siibscriptioji to Botli Sections, $4.00 (Postal Union,

$4.30); IJnIletin alone, $2.(M> (Toslal Union, $2.20);

Sinjt'le Numbers of Article Section, o(k'.

(r>3c.); of Bulletin, 2.'>c. (27c.).

In connection with The Review there is published annually

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL INDEX

a bibliography of books, monographs, and articles upon psychological and cognate topics that have ap[)eared during the year. The Index is issued in March, and may be subscribed (or in connection with I'ue Review, or purchased separately (hniex and Rkviicw, $4.50 per annum ; Postal Union, $4 85. luitex alone, 75 cents; Postal Union, 80 cents.)

In connection with The Review there is also published a series of

MONOGRAPH SUPPLEMENTS

consisting of longer researches or treatises which it is important to publish promptly and as units. The Monographs appear at irregular intervals and are gathered into volumes of about 500 pages, with a uniform subscription of $4 00 (Postal Union, $4.30). The price of single nurnbers varies according to the size. Five volumes have already been issued.

Subscriptions, orders and business communications may be sen! direct to Professor II. C. Warren, Business. Manager, Princeton, New Jersey, U. S. A., or forwarded through the publishers or agent.

PUBLISHED BY

THE MACMH.LAN COMPANY,

41 N. Queen St., Lancaster, Pa. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York.

Agent: G. E. Stechert, London (2 Star Yard, Carey St., W. C);

Leipzig (Hospital St., 10); Paris (76 rue de Rcnnes).

CBe Popular Science lHomWy

The Contents of the March Number include the fol lowine articles:

Aerial Navigation. O. Chanute.

The Metric System: Shall it be Compulsory ? Professor W. Le Conte Stevens.

The Conservation of Energy in Those of Advancing Years. Dr. J. Madison Taylor The Royal Prussian Academy of Science, Berlin. Edward F. Williams.

The Tropical Station at Cinchona, JamaicaDr. N. L. Britton.

Education and Industry. Professor Edw. D. Jones.

Evolution Not the Origin of Species. O. F. Cook.

Some Historical Aspects of Vegetarianism. Professor Lafayette B. Mendel.

Tokyo Toikoka Dragaku (The Imperial University of Tokyo). Nachide Yatsu.

The Popular Science Monthly has had few rivals and no equal in the educative service it has done for the American people. A complete set of the volumes thus far published is both a history of science for the period covered and at the same time a pretty complete cyclopedia of natural science. 'J'here is nothing to Idl its place, and to carry it on is a benefaction to the public. — W. T. Harris, U. S. Commissioner of Education.

The Popular Science Monthly,

SUB-STATION 84, NEW YORK CITY.

$3.00 per year. 30 cents per copy.

g^^THE Popular Science Monthly will l>e sent for six months for one dollar to new subscribers inentionini^ The fournal of Comparative Neuroloi;y and Psychology.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.

The British Journal of Psychology

Edited by James Ward and W. H. R. Rivers.

With the Collaboratiouof W. McDougall, C. S. Myers, A. F. Shand, C. S. Sherrington, W. G. Smith.

NOW READY. Vol. I. Part I. January, 1904. Price 5s. net.

CONTENTS.

Editorial.

Ward, James. On the Definition of Psychology.

Sherrington, C. S. On Binocular Flicker and the Correlation of Activity of "Corresponding" Retinal Points. (Two Figures and Twelve Diagrams.)

McIntyre, J. Lewis. A Sixteenth Century Psyciiologist, Bernardino Telesio

McDougall, W. The Sensations excited by a Single Momentary Stimulation of the Eye. (Six Figures and Plate I (Five Figures) ).

McDougall, W. Note on the Principle underlying Fechner's "Paradoxical Experiment" and the Predominance of Contours in the Struggle of the two Visual Fields.

Proceedings of the Psychological Society.

The Journal will be issued in parts at irregular intervals. Four pans will (usually) constitute a volume of about 450 pages Royal 8vo. The price to subscribers, payable in advance, will be 15s. net per volume (post free). The price for each part sold separately will be 5s. net. The first number will be published in January, 1904.

Subscribers may send their names to any Bookseller or to the Publishers, Messrs. C. J. Clay & Sons, Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane, London, E. C.

Papers for publication should be sent to Dr. Ward, 6, Selwyn Gardens, Cambridge, or to Dr. W. H. R. Rivers, St. John's College, Cambridge.

The Proceedings of the Psychological Society will also be published in the Journal.

London: C. J. Clay & Sons, Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane.

^^^^^^^Hr:?«r^:^«Ht^^^»:*:^i^t-^^^-^^

SURGICAL SHOCK

is reduced to a minimum by high rectal injections of BOVIMIHM combined with an equal quantity of salt solution, heated to 70**F, and administered prior to, during, and subsequent to operation.

improves the heart action and circulation at once.

The blood which has become non-aerated through ether administration is oxygenated by the introduction of a fresh supply, and is rapidly restored to normal condition. To this fact is due the power of BOVININE to prevent the thirst, nausea, and emesis, which usually follow anaesthesia.

Reports of numerous cases are cited in our scientific treatise on Haematherapy. It is yours for the asking.

The Bovlnine Company

75 Wost Houston .Siroot, MEW YORK

^^^j^^i^^t^<^<^^^^^J^t^J^J^^4^^^

Leitz's Microscopes

Are the Standard of Excellence.

Sliding and Rotary Microtomes

Of Latest Improved Form.

Bacteriological Apparatus

Laboratory Supplies

Duty free prices to Educational Institutions. Catalogues sent on application.

Mew York 411 W. 59 th Street

E. Leitz

Chicago :

32 Clark cor. Lake St.

CONTENTS,

An Enumeration of the Medullated Nerve Fibers in the Ventral Roots of the Spinal Nerves of Man. By Charles E. Ingbert. From the Neurological Laboratory of the University of Chicago. With 38 Figures in the text. . . 209

271

Editorial. .........

Color Vision. By C. L. Herrick. ..... 274

Literary Notices. . . . . . . . .281

The Mark Anniversary Volume, 281.

THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY is published bi-monthly. The annual volume of six numbers comprises about 500 pages, with plates and text-figures. The subscription price is $4.00 a year, strictly net (foreign subscription, $4.30, 18 s., M. 18, 22 fr., L. 22), postage prepaid.

Authors receive 50 reprints of their papers gratis and additional copies are supplied at cost. All MSS. and matter for review relating to the Structure of the Nervous System and all business correspondence should be addressed to the Managing Editor at Denison University, Granville, Ohio. Editorial Matter relating to Comparaiive Psychology and the Physiology of the Nervous System should be sent direcdy to Dk. Robert M. Yerkes, Psychological Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Bnteied as second-class matter in the Postoffice at Granrille, O

FOUNDED BY JOHN i) RCCKEFKLLER

The Associative Processes of the Guinea Pig. A Study

of the Psychical Development of an Animal with

a Nervous System Well Medullated at Birth

A DISSER'l'ATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTIES OF THE GRADUATE

SCHOOLS OF ARTS, LITERATURE AND SCIENCE, IN CANDIDACY

FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

(DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY)

BY

JESSIE BLOUNT ALLP:N

Reprinted from the Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, Volume XIV, Number 4, July, 1904

Volume XIV

SEPTEMBER, I904

Number 5

The Journal of Comparative

ogy and Psychology

(Continuing the Journal of Comparative Neurology)

EDITORS

C. L. HERRICK, Socorro, New Mexico. C. JUDSON HERRICK, Manager, ROBERT M. YERKES,

Denison University Harvard University

ASSOCIATED WITH

OLIVER S. STRONG,

Columbia University

HERBERT S. JENNINGS,

University of Pennsylvania

COLLABORATORS

J. MARK BALDWIN, Johns Hopkins University FRANK W. BANCROFT, University of California LEWELLYS F. BARKER, University of Chicago H. HEATH BAWDEN, Vassar College ALBRECHT BETHE, University of Strassburg G. E COGHILL, Pacific University FRANK J. COLE, University of Liverpool H. E. CRAMPTON, Columbia University C. B. DAVENPORT. University of Chicago WM. HARPER DAVIS, Lehigh University HENRY H. DONALDSON, University of Chicago LUDWIG EDINGER, Frankfurt a-M. S. I. FRANZ, McLean Hospital, Waverley, Mass. THOMAS H. HAINES, Ohio State University A. VAN GEHUCHTEN, University of Louvain R. G. HARRISON, Johns Hopkins University C. F. HODGE, Clark University S. J. HOLMES, University of Michigan EDWIN B. HOLT, Harvard University G. CARL HUBER, University of Michigan JOSEPH JASTROW, University of Wisconsin J. B. JOHNSTON, West Virginia University

B. F. KINGSBURY, Cornell University FREDERIC S. LEE, Columbia University JACQUES LOEB, University of California E. P. LYON. St. Louis University

ADOLF MEYER, N. Y. State Pathological Inst. THOS. H. MONTGOMERY, Jr., Univ. of Texas WESLEY MILLS, McGill University

C. LLOYD MORGAN, University College, Bristol T. H. MORGAN, Bryn Mawr College

A. D. MORRILL, Hamilton College HUGO MUENSTERBERO, Harvard University W. A. NAGEL, University of Berlin G. H. PARKER, Harvard University STEWART PATON, Johns Hopkins University RAYMOND PEARL, University of Michigan C. W. PRENTISS, Western Reserve University C. S. SHERRINGTON, Universitv of Liverpool G. ELLIOT SMITH, Gov't. Medical School, Cairo EDWARD L. THORNDIKE, Columbia University JOHN B. WATSON, University of Chicago W. M. WHEELER, Am. Museum of Nat. History C. O. WHITMAN, University of Chicago

Published bi-monthly DENISON UNIVERSITY, GRANVILLE, OHIO

The American Naturalist

A Monthly Journal Devoted to the Natural Sciences in Their Widest Sense.

Since its foundation in 1867 by four of the pupils of Louis Agassiz, THE AMERICAN NATURALIST has been a representative American magazine of Natural History and has played an important part in the advancement of science in this country.

The journal aims to present to its readers the leading facts and discoveries in the fields of Anthropology, General Biology, Zoology, Botany, Paleontology, Geology, and Mineralogy, and the various subdivisions of those subjects.

Annual Subscription, $4.00 net, in advance. Single Copies, 35 cents. Foreign Subscription, $4.60.

IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC BOOKS

BERGEN'S MILLIKAN'S

Elements of Botany ( Revised Mechanics, riolecular

Edition ) Now Ready Pliysics, and Heat

YOUNQ'S ncQREQORY'S

Manual of Astronomy ,, , , „ „^ ^.

niLLEi^'S Manual of Qualitative

Laboratory Physics Chemical Analysis

GINN & COMPANY, Publishers,

29 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

H. KiJNDiG, Editeur, ii, Corraterie, Geneve,

Archives de Psychologie

PUBLIEES PAR

Th. Flournoy Ed. Claparede

Dr en medecine. Dr en medecine.

Prof, de Psychologie experim. Privat-Docent de Pyschologie.

k la Faculte des Sciences de I'Universite de Geneve.

Les Archives de Psychologie paraissent k epoque indeterminee. Chaque fascicule se vend separement et le prix en est fixe suivant sa grosseur et le nombre des figures. On pent toutefois souscrire d'avance au prix de 15 francs pour un volume (d'au moins 400 pages); avec le dernier fascicule du volume, les souscripteurs regoivent le titre et les tables des matidres. — Les fascicules sont envoyes franco de port aux souscripteurs.

Tome l^f, vol. broche de 424 pages et 57 figures 15 fr.

Tome II, " " *' 404 " " 28 " 15 "

Tome III, " " •' 416 •' " 32 " et 5 planches ... 15 "

Tome IV, (En cours de publication) 15 "

Aux nouveaux souscripteurs du tome IV, les tomes ler ^ III sont laissds au prix, de 39 fr. (frais de port compris).

International Instrument Co.,

MAKERS AND DEALEkS IN

HIGH GRADE SCIEMTIFIC

LABOJIATOJIY APPARATUS,

Elevating Tripod Stand with Universal Adjustable Stationary Supports. Send for Bulletin on this.

International Instrument Co.,

25 Church St., Cambridge, Mass.

The Psychological Review

Ei)ni:i> liv J. MARK BALDWIN HOWARD C. WARREN

AND

Johns Hopkins Umversity Princeton University

WITH the CO-OrERATION OF

A. C. ARMSTRON(i, Wesleyan University, Middletovvn, Conn.; Ai.ERED Rinet, Ecole des Hautes-Etudes, Paris; W. L. P)KVAn, Indiana University, Hioomington, Ind.; Mary W. Calkins, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; John Dewey, H. H. DoNAi.nsiiN, Universiiyof C'hicago ; C. Ladu Franklin, Baltimore; G. S. FuLLERTON, Univeisityof Pennsylvania; H.N.Gardiner, Smith College, Northampton, Mass.; G. H. HowisoN, University of California; Josei'H Jastrow, University of Wisconsin ; Adolf Meyer, N. Y. Pathol. Institute, Ward's Island, N. Y.; Hugo Munsterherg, Harvard University; E. A. Pace, Catholic University, Washington ; G. T. W. Patrick, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Carl Stiimi'F, University, Berlin; R. M. Wenley, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.; and a special board for T/ie Psychological Bulletin.

The Psychological Review, New Series, is issued in two seciions ; the Article Section, containing original contributions, appears bimonthly, on the first of January, March, May, July, September and November, the six numbers comprising a volume of at least 400 pages ; the Literary Section [Psyclioloi^ical lUilletin) containing critical reviews, notices of books and articles, psychological news and notes, university notices, announcements, and shorter discussions, .^ippears on the fifteenth of each month, and forms aseparate volume of at least 300i)ages.

Annual Subscription to Both Sections, $4.00 (Postal Union,

$4.:{0); IJnIIetin alone, %tM\ (Postal Union, $2.20);

Sinj^Ie Numbers of Article Section, ."iOc.

(oSc); of Bulletin, 25c. (27c.).

In connection with The Review there is published annually

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL INDEX

a bibliography of bonks, monographs, and articles upon psychological and cognate topics that have appeared during the year. The Index is issued in March, and may be subscribed for in connection with The Review, or ])urchased separately [Inaex and Review, $4.50 per annum ; Postal Union, $4 85. hiUcx alone, 75 cents; I'ostal Union, 80 cents.)

Ill connection with The Review there is also published a series of

MO NO( X R A P H S U P P LEMENTS

consisting of longer researches or treatises which it is important to publish promptly and as units. The Monoi^rnphs appear at irregular intervals and are gathered into volumes of about 500 pages, with a uniform subscription of $4.00 (I'ostal Union, $1^.30). The price of single numbers varies according to the size. Five volumes have already been issued.

Sul)scriptions, orders and business communications may be sent direct to Professor H. (". Warren, l?usiness Manager, Princeton, New Jersey, U. S. A., or forwarded through the publishers or agent.

published ky

THE MACMH.LAN COMPANY,

41 N. Queen St., Lancaster, Pa. 66 I<"ifth Avenue, New Y(jrk.

Agent: G. E. Stechert, London (2 Star Yard, Carey St., W. C); Leipzig (Hospital .St., 10); Paris (-6 rue de Reiines).

CBc Popular Science IHombly

The Contents of thc! March Number iiickicle the follovvino!' articles:

Aerial Navigation. O. Clnanute.

The Metric System: Shall it be Compulsory ? Professor W. Le Conte Stevens.

The Conservation of Energy in Those of Advancing Years. Dr. J. Madison Taylor.

The Royal Prussian Academy of Science, Berlin. Edward F. Williams.

The Tropical Station at Cinchona, JamaicaDr. N. L. Britton.

Education and Industry. Professor Edw. D. Jones.

Evolution Not the Origin of Species. O. F. Cook.

Some Historical Aspects of Vegetarianism, Professor Lafayette B. Mendel.

Tokyo Toikoka Dragaku (The Imperial University of Tokyo). Nachjde Yatsu.

Thk PdiTLAR Science Monthly has had few rivals and no equal in the educative service it has done for the American people. A complete set of the volumes thus far jniljlishcd is both a history of science for the period covered and at the same limc a ])retty complete cyclopedia of natural science. There is nothing to fill lis ])lace, and to carry it on is a benefaction to the public. — W. T. Harris, U. S. t_'on]mis>,ion.i-r of Education.

The Popular Science Monthly,

SUB-STATION 84, NEW YORK CITY.

$3.00 per year. 30 cents per copy.

"he PorcLAK Science Monthly Tai'/Z be sent for six 7)iotiths for

one iloUar to. uew su/iscrUh'rs incntioning The Journal of Comparative Neurohgy <ind Psychohg^'.

The Journal of Comparative

Neurology and Psychology.

PUBLISHER'S ANNOUNCEMENT.

Complete sets and separate volumes of back numbers of The Journal of Comparative Neurology (volumes I to XIII) are for sale at this office at the rate of $3.50 per volume unbound, carriage pre-paid. Single numbers are also sold at prices varying with the contents. The new series began with January, 1904. Contents of the four numbers already issued follows.

Volume XIV, Number 1, March, 1904-.

The Relation of the Motor Endings on tlie Muscle of the Frog to Neigliboring Structures. l!y John Gordon Wilson. Two plates.

Space I^erception of Tortoises. By Roisert M. Verkes.

A Note on the Significance of the Form and Contents of the Nucleus in the Spinal Ganglion Cells of the Foetal Rat. l>y Shinkishi Hatal Two plates.

An Establishment of Association in Hermit Crabs. l]y E. G. Si'AI'LDING.

Editorial.

The Mid-Winter Meetings.

Literary Notices.

Volume XIV, Number 2, April, 1904.

Physiological Evidence of the Fluidity ot the Conducting Substance in the Pedal Nerves of the Slug — Ariolimax columbianus. Py O. P. Jenkins and A. J. Carlson. One figure.

The Nervous .Structures in the Palate of the Frog : the Peripheral Networks and the Nature of their Cells and Fibers. Py C. W. Prenliss. Twelve figures.

The Beginnings of Social Reaction in Man and Lower Animals. P>y C. L. Herrick.

Inhibition and Reinforcement of Reaction in the Frog, Rana clamitans. By RoiiERT iVL Verkes.

On the Behavior and Reactions of Limulus in Early Stages of its Development. By Raymond Pearl. One figure.

Editorial.

Recent Studies on the Finer Structure of the Nerve Cell. By G. E. Coghill.

Literary Notices.

Volume XIV, Number 3, June, 1904.

An Enumeration of the Medullated Nerve Fibers in the Ventral Roots of the Spinal Nerves of Man. By Ch.arles E. Inghert. Thirty-eight figures. Editorial.

Color Vision. By C. L. IIerrkk. Literary Notices.

Volume XIV, Number 4, July, 1904.

The Associative Processes of the Guinea Pig. A Study of the Psychical I)evelo]:)ment of an Animal with a Nervous System Well Medullated at liirth. By Jessie Allen. Two plates and twelve figures.

Editorial.

Literary Notices.

THE ANVEMIAS

yield readily to org:anic^ or true animal iron treatment.

A resort to inorganic iron preparations or tonics, serves only to stimulate corpuscular proliferation without supplying sufficient nutrition to mature the blood cells.

BOVININE

contains 10% ANIMAL IRON, 20% coagulable albumen, and ev^j.y element of nutrition of the animal, mineral, and vegetable kingdoms.

BOVI N I N E administration causes quick increase of the leucocytes, and a consequent arrest of all pathological processes.

BOVININE is advertised to the Profession only. Its formula (S open to all*

A postal brings you our Hand-book on Haematherapy, giving valuable information to both the general practitioner and the specialist.

THE BOVININE COMPANY

75 W. HOUSTON STREET, NEW YORK

f

Leitz's Microscopes

Are the Standard of Excellence.

Sliding and Rotary Microtomes

Of Latest Improved Form.

Bacteriological apparatus

Laboratory Supplies

Duty free prices to Educational Institutions. Catalogues sent on application.

Mew York 411 W. 59th Street.

E. Leitz

Chicago :

32 Clark cor. Lake St.

CONTENTS,

Retrograde Degeneration in the Corpus Callosum of the White Rat. By S. Walter Ranson. {From the Neurological Laboratory of the University of Chicago and the Anatomical Laboratory of St. Louis University. With Plate VII. 381

The Early History of the Olfactory Nerve in Swine, By Edgar A. Bedford, S. M. With fourteen figures. . . 390

The Relation of the Chorda Tympani to the Visceral Arches in Microtus. By Victor E. Emmel. {From the Biological Laboratory of Pacific University. . . . . .411

Editorial 41^

Recent Contributions to the Body-Mind Controversy. By C.

L. Herrick. . . . . . . . .421

Literary Notices. . . . . • . . -432

THE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY is published bi-monthly. The annual volume of six numbers comprises about 500 pages, with plates and text-figures. The subscription price is $4.00 a year, strictly net (foreign subscription, $4.30, i8s., M. 18, 22fr., L. 22), postage prepaid.

Authors receive 50 reprints of their papers gratis and additional copies are supplied at cost. All MSS. and matter for review relating to the Structure of the Nervous System and all business correspondence should be addressed to the Managing Editor at Denison University, Granville, Ohio. Editorial Matter relating to Comparative Psychology and the Physiology of the Nervous System should be sent directly to Dr. Robert M . Yerkes, Psychological Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Entered as second-class matter in the Postoffice at Granville, O.

Volume XIV

NOVEMBER, 1904

Number 6

The Journal of Comparative

Neurology and Psychology

(Continuing the Journal of Comparative Neurology)

EDITORS

C. L. HERRICK, Socorro, New Mexico. C. JUDSON HERRICK, Manager, ROBERT M. YERKES,

Denison University Harvard University

ASSOCIATED WITH

OLIVER S. STRONG,

Columbia University

HERBERT S. JENNINGS,

University of Pennsylvania

COLLABORATORS

J. MARK BALDWIN, Johns Hopkins Uuiversity FRANK W. BANCROFT, University of California LEWELLYS F. BARKER, University of Chicago H. HEATH BAWDEN, Vassar College ALBRECHT BETHE, University of Straesburg G. E COGHILL, Pacific University FRANK J. COLE, University of Liverpool H. E. CRAMPTON, Columbia University C. B. DAVENPORT, University of Chicago WM. HARPER DAVIS, Lehigh University HENRY H. DONALDSON, University of Chicago LUDWIG EDINGER. Frankfurt a-M. S I. FRANZ, McLean Hospital, Waverley, Mass. THOMAS H. HAINES, Ohio State University A. VAN GEHUCHTEN, University of Louvain K. G. HARRISON, Johns Hopkins University C. F. HODGE, Clark University 8. J. HOLMES, University of Michigan EDWIN B. HOLT, Harvard University G. CARL HUBER, University of Michigan JOSEPH JASTROW, University of Wisconsin J. B. JOHNSTON, West Virginia University

2-7

B. F. KINGSBURY, Cornell University FREDERIC S. LEE, Columbia University JACQUES LOEB, Univeraity of California E. P. LYON, St. Louis University

ADOLF MEYER, N. Y. State Pathological Inst. THOS. H. MONTGOMERY, Jr., Univ. of Texa«  WESLEY MILLS, McGill University

C. LLOYD MORGAN, University College, Bristol T. H. MORGAN, Bryn Mawr College

A. D. MORRILL, Hamilton College HUGO MUEN8TERBERG, Harvard University W. A. NAGEL, University of Berlin G. H. PARKER. Harvard University STEWART PATON, Johns Hopkins University RAYMOND PEARL, University of Michigan C. W. PRENTISS, Western Reserve University C. 8. SHERRINGTON, University of Liverpool G. ELLIOT SMITH, Gov't. Medical School, Cairo EDWARD L. THORNDIKE, Columbia University JOHN B. WATSON, University of Chicago W. M. WHEELER, Am. Museum of Nat.History C. O. WHITMAN, University of Chicago

Published bi-monthly DENISON UNIVERSITY, GRANVILLE, OHIO

The American Naturalist

A Monthly Jonrnal Deroted to the Natural Sciences in Their Widest Sense.

Since its foundation in 1867 by four of the pupils of Louis Agassiz, THE AMERICAN NATURALIST has been a representative American magazine of Natural History and has played an important part in the advancement of science in this country.

The journal aims to present to its readers the leading facts and discoveries in the fields of Anthropology, General Biology, Zoology, Botany, Paleontology, Geology, and Mineralogy, and the various subdivisions of those subjects.

Annual Subscription, $4.00 net, in advance. Single Copies, 35 cents. Foreign Subscription, $4.60.

IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC BOOKS

BERQBN'S MILLIKAN'S

Elements of Botany (Revised Mechanics, Holecular

Edition) Now Ready Physics, and Heat

YOUNQS ncaREQORYS

Manual of Astronomy „ • < « ■«* *i

niLLBR'S Manual of Qualitative

Laboratory Physics Chemical Analysis

GINN & COMPANY, Publishers,

39 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.

H. KuNDiG, Editeur, ii, Corraterie. Geneve.

Archives de Psychologie

PUBLIBiES P.VR

Th. Flournoy Ed. Claparede

Dr en medecine. Dr en medecine.

Ptof. de Psychologie experim. Privat-Docent de Pyscbologie.

a la Faculte des Science^ de I'Universit^ de Geneve.

Les Archives de Psychologie paraissent k 6poque ind^terminee. Chaque fascicule se vend separement et le prix en est fixe suivant Sa grosseur et le nombre des figures. On peut toutefois souscrire d'avance au prix de 15 francs pour un volume (d'au raoins 400 pages); avec le dernier fascicule du volume, les souscripteurs regoivent le titre et les tables des matiiires: — Les fascicule^ sent envoyes franco de port aux souscripteurs.

Tome l«^ vol. broch6 de 424 pages et 57 figures IS fr.

Tome II. " " " 404 " ' 28 " is "

Tome III, " " " 416 " " 3^ " et 5 planches ... IS " Tome IV, (En cours de publication) 15 "

Aux nouveaux souscripteurs du tome IV, les tomes I« i III sont laiss6.s au prix, de 39 fr. (frais de port compris).