Talk:Book - Outline of Comparative Embryology
INDEX OF AUTHORS
(NOTE: Illustrations are found on pages indicated by italic numbers.)
A
Amans, 300
AGAR, 330 AGARAS, 333 AoAssiz, 89, 174, 175, 177 ALLEN, 272, 273 ALLMAN, 142, 143 ALM, 332
AMMA, 277, 280 AI’1’ELL5F, 23 ARISTOTLE, 1, 2, 5 Arvrom, 328, 331 ASSHETON, 355
B
BALFOUR, 1, 4, 7, 118, 149,213 BALFOUR AND LONG, 134 BALTZER, 378
BANTA, 327, 328, 332 BARTELMEZ, 377
BATAILLON, 340
BATESON, 129, 181
BEARD, 271
BERGH, 93
BERNARD, 328
BICHAT, 6
Bzmwznow, 62
BoAs, 84
BOERHAAVE, 2
BOLK, 351
BONNET, 2, 322
Bo'r'r, 306
Bovnm, 17, 30, 46, 47, 49, 276, 278, 376,
377, 379
BRACKET, 44
BRAEM, 307, 311
BRANDT, 229
BRAUER, 62, 70, 107, 228, 331 BRAUER, ALFRED, 167 Bnooxs, F. G., 350, 366 Bnooxs, W. K., 142, 144 Bnooxs AND Rm'rENnoUsE, 109 BROWN’, 6
BRUMPT, 331
BRYCE, 255 BUCHNER, 221, 222 BURY, 130
C
CALDWELL, 186
CAN0, 67
CASTEEL, 60
CERFONTAINE, 34, 35, 36, 92, 99 CHAMBERS, 209, 332
CHAMISSO, 319
CHILD, 58, 59
CHUN, 346
CLAPP, 376
CLAUS, 104, 146, 147, 163, 164 C02, 58
CONKLIN, 26, 36, 38, 40, 41, 53, 54, 55,
60, 94, 95, 98, 101, 126, 370, 377
CORNING, 252
CRAMPTON, 61
CUENOT, 349
Cnvma, 6
D
DARWIN, 6
DEAN, 34, 77, 80, 81
DE BEER, 292, 351, 352 DELAGE, 340, 341
DELAGE AND HEROUARD, 289, 290 DELLA VALLE, 318
Dorms, 272
DOFLEIN, 219
DOHRN, 6
DONCASTER, 338
Dnu-zscn, 372, 373, 377, 378, 381 DUJARDIN, 6
E
EHLERS, 309
EHRENBERG AND BRAUER, 210 EIGENMANN, 213, 214, 271 ELPATIEWSKY, 276, 279 EvANs, 299
429 430 INDEX OF AUTHORS
EWING, 333 Eycnmsmrmm, 80
F
FAn1ucms, 6 FERNANDM, 362 FIRKET, 273 Fxscmnn, 378 FLEMMING, 7 FOL, 161 Fucma, 341, 379
GALEN, 5 GALLOWAY, 312 GAMBLE, 386 GARSTANG, 351 GEROULD, 58 GIACOMINE, 213, 240 GIARD, 346
Gonrm, 110 GOLDSCHMIDT, 338, 340 Go'ro, 179
GRASSI, 351
GRAY, 340 GRENACHER, 121 GRIMM, 349 GROBBEN, 280 GROBSER, 250 Gunrwrrscn, 381
H
HAECKEL, 7, 95, 107, 286, 289, 290 HAGUE, 360 '
HAHN, 272
HALLEE, 2
HARGITT, C. W., 142, 276 HAnarr'r, G. T., 194, 195, 273, 274 HARM, 94, 108
HARMAN AND GARDINER, 226 HARMER, 357, 358
HARNLEY, 378
HARTMAN, 76, 186, 188, 189, 190, 197 HARVEY, E. N., 340
HARVEY, WM., 1, 2, 6
HASPER, 280
HATBCHEK, 32, 77, 131, 134 HEATH, 60
HEGNER, 278, 279, 280, 348, 379, 380 Hnxmm, 64, 169, 181, 183 HEILIBRUNN, 340
HEIN, 145
HENNECKE. 333
HERBST, 340
HERLANT, 340
Hmuucx, 165, 288, 384 Hmvrwm, 0., 92, 326, 372, 381 Hmvrwra, 0. AND R., 282 Hmvrwm, R., 339 Hmmons, 60
HICKSON, 23, 108
HILL, 76, 186, 187, 190, 197 HILL, 360
Hrs, 7, 371
HOFFMANN, 272
HOLL, 216
HOLMES, 60
Hooxrz, 6
HUBER, 205
HUBRECBT, 200, 204 HUXLEY, 300
JACOBS, 379
JENKINSON, 243, 248, 375 JOHNSON, 311
JORDAN, 272, 376 Josmm, 301
JULIN, 318
JUST, 340, 343, 377
K
KAHLE, 280 KEIBEL, 200, 291, 345 KELLICOTT, 207 KINGERY, 273 KLEINENBERG, 275, 359 Komnrrz, 301 Kénuxmz, 6 KOLLMANN, 346 Kopscn, 90 Konscumzr AND Hmnmn, 218, 298, 317,
375 _ KOSTANECKI, 17 KOWALEVSKY, 7, 134 KOWALEVSKY AND CHUN, 123 KOWALEVSKY AND MARION, 23 KRAEPELIN, 310 Kntlemn, 325, 328, 331 KUEHN, 332
L
LANG, 57, 147, 148, 149 LANanANs, 253, 332 LANKESTER, 371 LECAILLON, 228 INDEX OF AUTHORS
LEEUWENI-IOEK, 2, 6
Lmmvnm, 326
LEIBY AND HILL, 360, 361, 362 LEUCKART, 171, 173
LILLIE, F. R., 17, 26, 60, 216, 289, 294,
340
LILLIE, R. S., 340 LINNAEUS, 6
Loma, 329, 339, 341, 342, 343 Lona AND BANCROFT, 340 LYON, 26, 381
M
MAAB, 136, 140 MACINTOSH, 315 MALAQUIN, 313 MALPIGHI, 1, 2, 6 MARECHAL, 360 MARK, 7 MARTIN, 360 MCCLENDON, 379 MEAD, 58, 339 MECKEL, 288 MEHNERT, 291, 345 MENDEL, 7 MENZEL, 332 METCALF, 60
METCHNIKOFF, 33, 34, 105, 134, 141, 352
MINCHIN, 136, 140 MINOT, 186 Mm-suxmu, 236 MONTGOMERY, 333
Mom”, 133, 181, 182, 183, 338, 339,
375, 376, 378 Moao,.327 MORTENSEN, 23 Mb‘LLER, C., 314 MULLER, F., 4, 7, 289 Mh‘LLx«m, Jon., 239 MULLER, O. F., 162 MULLER, W., 332 MULLER, H. J., 147, 293
N
NAnoUns, 330, 338 NACHTSHEIM, 338 NELSON, 58 NEUMANN, 320 NEWMAN, 363 NEWPORT, 6, 376 Norms, 327 Nussnwm, 271
O OKKELBERG, 272 OLOFFSON, 332 OPFEL, 345
P PACE, 93 PANDER, 1, 3, 6 PARMENTER, 341 PASTEUR, 7
PA’1'1'EN, 217, 103
PA'x'I'ERsoN, 89, 116, 338, 353 et seq.,
363, 364, 365
PEACOCK AND HARRISON, 330, 338
PENNER, 360 PERKINS, 301 PFLUGER, 372, 381 PREVOST, 6 PUNNET1‘, 326, 330
R
RABL, 371, 372 REDI, 6 REICHENBACH, 162 REITH, 65, 379, 380 REMAK, 7
RETZIUS, 214, 215 RHUMBLER, 99 RICHARDS AND THOMPSON, 272 RI'I"I‘ER., 181 Ronmvr, 56, 60 ROBERTSON, 330 ROSENBERG, 325 Roux, 7, 379 RUCKERT, 82, 83 RUNNs'm6M, 377 Russo, 223
SALENSKY, 318 SARs, 174 SCHAUDINN, 301 SCHLEXDEN, 7 SCI-ILEIP, 322, 379 SCHRADER, 329 Scnuurzm, 7, 96, 137 SCHWANN, 7 Scuwmx, 132 SEELIGER, 130, 319 Smmm, 329, 338 SELENKA, 28, 186 SELYS-LONGCHAMPS, 133
431 432 INDEX OF AUTHORS
SEVERINUS, 6
SHEAREE, 341
SHEARER. AND LLoYD, 340 SKULL, 323, 326, 327 SILVESTRI, 360
SMITH, 332
Soanomv, 333
SPEMANN, 376, 378, 380 SPURGEON AND Bnooxs, 186 STAUFEACHEE, 211 STEVENS, 379
STOCKARD, 346, 356 STRASSBURGER, 7, 338 SURFACE, 57, 123, 147 SWAMMERDAM, 6
Sw1I~'r, 272
SWINGLE, 272, 273, 274
T
TANNHEUTHER, 338 TAYLOR, 332
TAYLOR AND TENNANT, 378 TICHOMIZROW, 218
TORREY, 58
TREADWELL, 58
TREMBLY, 301
TYNDALL, 7
U ULJANIN, 320 UzEL, 66, 69
V
VAN BENEDEN, 197, 199, 318, 371, 372 VANDEL, 328, 333
VASSEUR, 298
VEBRIL, 288
VERWORN, 310
VEsALIUs, 5
VIALLETON, 72, 73, 120
Vmcnow, 7
voN BAER, 1, 3, 4, 6, 288, 289 voN BERENBERG-GOSSLER, 273 voN Gnome‘, 305
voN KENNEL, 312
voN MOHL, 6
voN SIEEOLD, 7
V0»: UnIscH, 377
voN WAGNER, 296
W
WALDEYER, 194, 271
WATASE, 70
WEIsMANN, 9, 275, 276, 331, 332 WELCH, 360
WHITING, A., 326
WI-IITING, P. W., 330
WHITMAN, 60, 371, 372
WHITMAN AND EYCLESHYMEE, 78, 79 WHITNEY, 323, 326, 327 WIERZEJSKI, 17, 60, 125
WILSON, C. B., 58
WILSON, E. B., 17, 23, 57, 58, 123, 159,
160, 339, 377
WILSON, H. V., 87, 299
WILSON AND MATHEWS, 376 WINCKLER, 328, 333, 338 WOHLGEMUTH, 332
WoI.I='I-‘, 1, 2, 6 WOLTERECK, 158, 159, 332 WOODS, 272 WOODWARD, 312
Y YATSU, 377, 378
Z
ZELENY, 57, 58, 377 ZELLER, 350
ZIEGLER, 32, 34, 45, 88, 114 ZUR STRASSEN, 49
SUBJECT INDEX
NOTE: Numbers in italic type indicate pages on which illustrations are found; numbers in bold-face type indicate pages on which the principal discussion of a
subject is found.
Acanthias, 81, 239, 266
Acanthopsyche, 335
Acceleration, 293
Accidental polyembryony, 354 Acipenser, 77, 78, 267
Actimla, 303
Actinians, 106, 123, 304
Actinozoa, 141, 142, 144, 145
Actinula, 142, 144
Aegenopsis, 105, 144, 260
Aequorea, 104, 260
Agametocytogony, 295
Agemlaszris, 336, 360
Albia, 335
Alcyonians, 108, 123
Alcyomlmn, 23. 62, 261
Alecithal eggs, 24, 192
Aleurodes, 335
Allantois, 233, 238, 240, 243, 244, 247 Allantws, 335
Alternation of generations, 295, 300, 302,
314
Alternation rule, 29
Amauronematus, 335, 336
Amblyomma, 333
Amblystoma, 267, 344, 347
Ametabola, 170
Ametastegia, 336
Amia, 77, 78, 7.9, 80, 267, 272, 273 Amnion, 154, 203,225, 227, 228, 229, 230,
233, 235, 236, 246; of insects, 166, 229; of pilidium, 154, 225, 227
Amnion formation, methods of, 204 Amniota, 119, 235
Amphibia, 43, 76, 88, 112, 113, 119, 132,
223, 224, 267, 273, 274, 286, 1287, 341, 344, 347, 348, 378, 379, 381, 386; cleav- age of, 43 Amphiblastula, 95, I36, 137
Amphigony, 295
Amphineura, 60
Amphioxus, 28, 34, 35, 36‘, 37, .92, 9.9, 101,
131, 134, 266, 355, 373, 378
Amphitrite, 263, 341
Amphiuma, 267, 286, 287 Amphoterotoky, 324
Anableps, 240
Anamnia, 119, 235
Anaphoidea, 336
Anaphothrips, 335
Andricus, 336
“Animal World,” 386
Annclid trochophore, 157
Annelida, 17, 58, 59, 60, 61, 93, 100, 102,
122, 126, 156, 158, 16.9, 176, 213, 223, 225, 227, 263, 285, 310, 312, 314, 331, 339, 341, 353, 359, 360, 371, 373, 377, 378, 381
Ant, 230, 324
Anthomedusae, 105
Anthozoa, 2'10, 303
Anura, 273, 274, 286, 373
Aphididae, 335
Aphids, 322, 338
A phis, 335
Apoidea, 337
Apolar ingression, 105
Apotettix, 330, 334
Appendicularia, 266, 348
Aptcm, 333
Apterona, 335
A pteryz, 225
Apus, 223, 264, 331
Arachnids, 120, 330
Arbacia, 263, 339, 340, 342, 343 Archieracium, 325
Architomy, 296, 305, 314
Aremlcola, 58, 69, 60, 263
Arge, 336
433 434
Armadillo, 295, 321, 355, 356, 362, 364, 365
Arrhenotoky, 324, 326, 327
Artemia, 62, 264, 328, 331
Arthropoda, 68, 100, 105, 122, 128, 295, 330, 333, 353, 373; see also Insects, Scorpions
Artificial parthenogenesis, 339
Ascaris, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 46, 47, 48, 103, 262, 276, 377, 379
Ascidians, 21, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 68, 76, 95, 220, 225, 266, 286, 239, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 348, 355, 366, 379, 381
Asellus, 128, 265
Asexual reproduction, 295, 351
Asphelinus, 337
Aspidiotiphagus, 337
Astacus, 128, 162, 163,265
Asterias, 171,, 176, 176, 177, 263,341
Asterina, 178, 263, 341
Asteroidea, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 263,296,341
Astropecten, 263, 326
Atoke, 312
Augmentation, 296
Aulacidea, 336
Aurelia, 145, 146‘, 147, 261
Auricularia, 173
Autotomy, 296
Axolotl, 344, 346, 347
Bacillus, 334 Balanoglossus, 92, 101, 12.9, 181, 183, 266, 316
Balanus, 164, 265
Bat, 207, 249
Bdellostoma, 81, 219, 266
Bee, 230, 323, 324, 338
Belzme, .90, 267
Berbe, 32, 33, 261, 378
Bilateral cleavage, 34, 374
Biogenesis, 286
Bipinnaria, 172, 173, 174, 176
Birds, 76, 89, 116, 224, 236, 237
Bladder worm, 152
Blastea, 290
Blastocones, 74, 76, 114, 120
Blastocyst, of armadillo, 363; of mam-
mals, 193, 196 Blastopore, 116, 117, 118; of Anamnia and Amniota, 117
SUBJECT INDEX
Blastotomy, 354
Blastozooid, 617, 321
Blastula, 91, 283
Blood, circulation of, 6
Bolina, 261, 350
Bombus, 170
Bosmina, 331
Bougainvillia, 144, 260, 303
Brachiola, 177, 178
Brachiolaria, 178
Brachionus, 327
Brachiopoda, 92, 100, 134
Braconids, 337
Branched placenta, 249 Branchiobdella, 223, 263 Branchiopoda, 331
Branchipus, 62, 128, 165, 223, 264, 331 Bnwhus, 167, 168
Bryozoa, 90, 93, 296, 307, 308, 316, 354,
358 Budding, 295, 296, 300, 301, 316, 317, 318, 351, 355
Cadophore, 321 Caenogenesis, 292; see also Cenogenesis Calandra, 334
Caliroa, 336
Calliamira, 33, 34, 261 Calligrapha, 380
Callipterus, 335
Calopteryx, 22.9, 230 Campanularia, 144, 260 Campodeiform larva, 170 Campodm, 6.9, 170, 171 “Cannibalism,” 223 Carcharias, 81, 266 Carnivora, 200, 248, 253 Casual parthenogenesis, 324 Cat, 221, 250
Caterpillar, 170
Cecidomyia, 348
Cell division, 7, 10, 22
Cell lineage, 20; of Ascaris, 49; of Cyn-
thia, 42
Cell theory, 7
Cenogenesis, 290
Central implantation, 200 Centrifuge, 381 Centrolecithal eggs, 24, 63 Centrosome, 7 Cepludodiscus, 263, 315, 316' SUBJECT INDEX
Cephalopoda, 68, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 119, 120, 121, 219, 223, 226, 264
Ceratodus, 224
Ceratophis, 335
Cercaria, 151
Cerebratulus, 67, 58, 153, 154, 262, 355,
377, 378, 381
Ceropteres, 336
Cestode larvae, 151
Cestodes, 90, 151, I52, 284, 306, 353, 358 Cestracion, 80, 81, 266
Cetacea, 248
Chaetopterus, 339, 341
Chalcides, 240
Chalcids, 336
Chelonia, 236, 237, 267
Chelydra, 237
Chick, 116, 230, 290, 377
Chilopoda, 333
Chironomus, 280, 335,346, 349
Chitan, 60, 101, 263
Chordata, 122, 124
Chorion, 218, 230
Chorophylus, 267, 379
Chromatin diminution, 48, 275, 278 Chromosomes, 7, 9
Chrysallogenesis, 346, 349
Chrysomelid beetles, 266, 281, 380 Chydorus, 332
Cimbex, 336
Ciona, 36, 266, 348, 381
Cirripedia, 62, 164, 265, 287, 288, 290, 332 Cladius, 336
Cladocera, 68, 103, 265, 323, 324, 327,
328, 330, 331, 332 Classification of animals, 5, 260; of plants, 5; of egg types, 23
Clava, 94, .95, 107, 108, 144, 260 Clavmlaria, 23, 260, 303
Cleavage, function of, 370
Cleavage types, 20; table of, 25 Clemmys, 236', 237, 267
Clepsine, 60, 263, 371
Cliona, 136, 260
Closed parthenogenesis, 324
Closure of blastopore, 116, 118
Clytia, 141, 228, 230, 260, 378
Coccidae, 335
Coccophagus, 337
Cochlophora, 335
Cocoons, 223
435
Cod, 384
Coelenterata, 23, 30, 62, 90, 92—95, 99, 103-109, 122, 123, 141-147, 209, 210, 223, 228, 230, 260, 261, 296, 300-304, 353, 378
Coeloblastic delamination, 105
Coeloblastula, 36, 91
Coelome formation, mesenchymatous, 133; method of, 129
Coelome of starfish, 178, 180
Coelome origin, theories of, 133
Coelome sacs of echinoids, 130
Coelomes, head, collar, and body, 129
Colembola, 168
Coleoptera, 166, 168, 170, 228, 229, 230, 266, 281. 334, 380
Colony formation, 297, 300
Cmnatula, 130, 263
Concrescence, 113, 114,300
Copepoda, 62, 163, 164, 911, 212, 325, 332, 379
Copidosoma, 266, 280, 336, 360
Corona radiata, 195
Corpus luteum, 196
Corredentia, 335
Corymmeura, 335
Cotyledonary placenta, 249
Cow, 250
Crab, 288
Crangon, 166
Crayfish, 100
Crepixiula, 53, 55, 60, 61, 93, .94, 101, 126, 264
Crinoidea, 173
Crissia, 262, 308, 357, 358
Cristatella, 262, 307, 310, 311
Croesus, 336
Crustacea, 62, 68, 100, 102, 103, 128, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 211, 212, 223, 264, 265, 286, 287, 288, 290, 323, 324, 325, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332, 333, 379, 384
Ctenodnllus, 263, 312, 314
Ctenolabrus, 8.9, 267
Ctenophores, 32, 33, 34, 102, 123, 261, 283, 350, 373, 378
Cubomedusae, 108
Cucumaria, 23, 62, 263
Cumaoeae, 68
Cumlna, 143, 260
Cyclas, 101, 264
Cyclops, 163, 164, 211, 212, 379 436
Cyclostornata, 76, 354 Cyclostomes, 76, 77, 81, 110, 120, 212, 213, 219, 234,266
Cynipoidea, 336
Cynips, 336
Cynthia, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 95, 266, 348 Cypris, 2.90
Cypnls, 332
Cysticereoid, 152
Cysticercus, 152, 306‘
Cytology, 9
Cytotrophoblast, 253
Daplinia, 265, 324, 330, 331 Daphnids, 323
Dasypus, 268, 363
Dasyurus, 76, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190,
242, 268
Decapoda, 68
Decidua basalis, 254
Decidua capsular-is, 254
Decidua reflexa, 254
Decidua vera, 254
Deciduate placenta, 243, 248, 251 Decticus, 218
Delamination, 105
Dendrocuelum, 223, 261 Dentalium, 101, 264, 377 Derivatives of germ layers, 283 Dermaptera, 168, 230
Dem, 263, 312
Desor’s larva, 153 Determination, 27, 368 Determination problem, 368 Determinative cleavage, 26, 30, 60 Deuterostomia, 124
Deviation, 292
Diaspis, 335
Dazelphys, 186, 187, 188, 139, 190, 1.91,
242, 268
Didemnids, 318
Diemyctylus, 376
Differentiation, 22, 368
Diffuse placenta, 249
Dimzphilus, 330, 331
Dipleurula, 173, 175, 176
Diploid number, 13
Diploid parthenogenesis, 325 Diplopoda, 333
Diplosomids, 318
Dipnoi, 220, 224
SUBJECT INDEX
Diptera, 65, 168, 170, 230, 293, 335 Discoblastula, 96
Discocoelis, 57, 261 Discogastrula, 110
Discoidal cleavage, 68, 81 Discoidal placenta, 248, 252 Discus proligcrus, 194, 220, 222 Disogeny, 346
Distaplia, 266, 318
Distoma, 209, 262 Disymmetrical cleavage, 32, 374 D‘L':c'£ppus, 334
Dog, 194, 207, 252 Dahchoglossus, 181, 266 Doliolum, 266, 320, 321, 366 Dondersia, 101, 264 Drastrophus, 336
Driessertsia, 210, 264
Dromia, 67, 95, 265
Drosophila, 65, 230, 293 Dryophanta, 336
Dunaliella, 327
Earthworm, 354, 359
Eccentric implantation, 201
Echidna, 185, 225, 267
Echinarachnius, 263, 340
Echinococcus, 358
Echinodermata, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 62, 92, 100, 122, 124, 130, 134, 172-176, 178, 180, 225, 228, 263, 284, 296, 315, 339, 341, 353, 376, 381
Echinoids, 30, 31, 173, 228, 339, 376, 381; coelome sacs of, 130
Echinopluteus, 225, 228
Echinorhynchus, 209, 262
Echinus, 340, 377
Echinus rudiment, 228
Ecological control of larvae, 383
Ectoblast, 283
Ectoderm, 283
Ectomesoderm, 122-124
Ectoplasm, 38
Ectoprocta, 307
Ectapsocus, 335
Edentata, 248
Egg fragments, 377
Egg membranes, 209
Egg types, 20
Elasmobranchs, 76, 81, 116, 132,213, 223, 234, 239, 266 SUBJECT INDEX
Elenchus, 334
Embolie gastrulation, 98
Embryological conditions of animals in
the various phyla, table of, 258
Embryology, history of, 1-7
Embryonic development, periods of, 8 Embryonic knob, 200, 203, 206, 243 Embryonic membranes, 225, 241; of
mammals, table of, 256
Embryonic shield, 206
Empria, 336
Emzarsia, 336
Encyrtus, 336
Endoblast, 283
Endoderm, 283; of mammals, 190 Endoderm formation, 98 Endomesodcrm, 124
Endoplusm, 38
Endoprocta, 308
Entedon, 336
Enterocoele formation, 130
Enterocoele theory, 133, 134 Enteropncusta, 92, 101, 122, 124, 128,
129, 130, 181, 266, 316 Entomostraca, 62, 68, 103, 163, 164, 211, 212, 223, 265, 287, 288, 323, 324, 325, 328, 331, 332, 379
Entypy, 201, 204
Ephemerida, 168
Ephydatia, 2.99
Ephyra, 147
Epiblast, 283
Epibolic gastrulation, 101
Epiboly, 36, 95, 102, 114
Epigenesis, 2, 368
Equal coeloblastula, 91
Equal stereoblastula, 93
Enlopeltis, 335
Eruciform larva, 170
Eudendrium, 144, 260
Eunice, 263, 31:‘?
Eupelmus, 337
Eupomotus, 100, 104, 263
Eurycnema, 334
Euscorpius, 7'0, 71, 266
Eutheria, 190, 192
Exoplasm, 38
Experimental embryology, 5, 17, 293,
339, 374 Experimental evidences for determina- tion, 374
437
Experimental paedogenesis, 351 Experimental polyembryony, 354
Facultative neoteny, 348
Facultative parthenogenesis, 323 False amnion, 206
Fasciola, 366
Fertilization, 12, 17, 339, 375 Fiona, 60, 264
Fish, 116, 223
Fission, 295, 296, 300
Flatworms, 122, 123, 354, 358; see also,
Platyhelminthes
Flustrella, 93, 262
Follicle, 217, 220, 221
Forbicina, 333
Formative changes, 375
Formieoidae, 337
4d cell, 284
Fragmentation, 296, 300, 304, 309 Free bud, 296, 297
Frog, 43, 44, 45, 286, 287, 378, 379, 381 Frustrulation, 300, 304
Fundulus, 213, 214, 267, 272, 293, 346 Fungia, 261, 303
Galeus, 81, 266
Gamete, 11
Gametocytogony, 295
Gametogencsis, 8, 10, 12
Ganoids, 213
Gasteropods, 53, 55, 60, 61, 93, 94, 101,
126,223, 263, 264
Gasterozooid, 367
Gastrea, 290
Gastrula, 98, 111, 115, 283 Gastrulation, 98, 115; diagrams of, 111;
methods of, 98
Gemmulae, 296, 297, 299
Genetics, 293
Genital cells of scorpion, 71
Geophilus, 333
Germ balls, 151, 296, 350
Germ-cell cycle, 8
Germ-cell determinants, 275, 279, 281 Germ cells, 271, 274, 275; primordial, 9 Germ disc, 116
Germ-layer theory, 282
Germ layers, 3, 283
Germ plasm, 7, 9
Germ-plasm doctrine, 271, 275 438
Gerontomorphosis, 293 Geryomia, 106, 223, 260 Gomlonemus, 143, 260, 301 Gonocoele theory, 134 Gonothyrca, 144, 260 Gonozooid, 321, 367 Grasshopper, 10, 12, 338 Grouse locust, 338 Growth, 22, 375
Growth period, 10, 11 Guinea pig, 207, 245 Gunda, 134, 261 Gymnophiona, 76, 88, 119 Gyrodactylus, 262, 349
Habroba-acon, 326, 330 Habrocytus, 337
Haleremila, 260, 301 Halistemma, 260, 302
Haploid parthenogenesis, 325 Hedgehog, 200, 201, 207 Heliothrips, 335
H ehx, 223, 229, 264 Hemichroa, 336
H erniclepsis, 331
Hemiptera, 168, 325, 335 Hen, 216
Hensen’s node, 208 Hermaphroditism, 328 Heterochrony, 291, 344, 345 Heterogony, 295 Heterometabola, 168 Hetermwreis, 312
Heterotypic mitosis, 13, 16 Hexacanth embryo, 151 Hexactinellidae, 299 Hezcanchus, 81
Hibernacula, 309
Hieracium, 325
I-Iippomanes, 251
Hirudinia, 60, 223, 263, 371 I-Ioloblastic cleavage, 24, 25, 28 Holometabola, 168 Holothuroidea, 23, 28, 29, 62, 173, 263 Homarus, 165, 265 Homeotypic mitosis, 13 Homolecithal eggs, 24, 192 Homologies, of annelids and molluscs, 61;
of mesoderm formation, 122
Homologous chromosomes, 13
SUBJECT INDEX
Homology of germ layers, 283
Human oocyte, 1.96
Hydatina, 262, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330
Hydra, 106, 107, 144, 209, 210, 260, 296, 301, 304
H ydractimla, 144, 260
Hydrocoele, 179, 180, 228
Hydrocorals, 108
Hydroids, 105, 106, 123, 296, 304, 381
H ydraphilus, 63, 64, 65, 68, 16.9, 224, 230, 266
Hydrozoa, 105, 106, 123, 141, 142, 144, 210, 296, 300, 304, 381
Hymenoptera, 168, 170, 230, 280, 325, 335, 349, 354, 360
Hypermorphosis, 293
Hypoblast, 283
H ypoderma, I 70
Ichneumonids, 337
Imaginal discs, 155
Implantation, methods of, 200 Indeterminative cleavage, 26 Ingression, 102——105
Ingrowth, solid, 131
Inner cell mass, 200, 204, 243, 363 Insectivora, 200, 201, 246
Insects, 68, 100, 166, 218, 225, 330, 333,
348, 377, 379, 386; showing partheno— genesis, table of, 333
Instar, 168
Intermediate placenta, 249
Internal buds, 296
Intersexes, 327
Interstitial implantation, 201 Invaginate insect amnion, 229 Invaginate gastrula, 98
lnvagination, 36, 95, 114; mechanism of,
99
Inversion of germ layers, 204 Invertebrate discoblastula, 97 Invertebrate germ cells, 275 Invertebrate larvae, 136; table of, 137 Involution, 36
Irregular cleavage, 90; of Cestodes, 151 I schnochiton, 60, 263
Isolated blastomeres, 378
Isolecithal eggs, 24, 192
Isopoda, 68, 128, 333
Isoptera, 230
Isasoma, 337 SUBJECT INDEX 439
Jellyfish, 30 J ulus, 265, 352
K eimbahn, 275
Laceration, 300, 304
Lacerta, 214, 215, 217, 267 Lachnosterna, 170 Lamellibranchia, 60, 101, 264 Lamprey, 76
Larva, of Desor, 153; of Scyphozoa, 145 Larvacea, 348
Larvae of invertebrates, 136 Larval mesoblast, 123 Larval parthenogenesis, 324 Lecamlum, 335
Lemuroidea, 248
Lepas, 62, 265
Lepidoptera, 166, 168, 230, 325, 335 Lepidosaphes, 335 Lepidosiren, 224, 267 Lepakiosteus, 77, 79, 80, 267 Lepidurus, 328, 331
Lepisma, 170
Leptimla, 334
Leptinotarsa, 266, 280, 380 Leptodora, 265, 332 Leptomedusae, 105 Leptoplana, 57, 261 Leucosolemla, 136, 137, 260, 297, 2.98 Libellula, 170
Iximax, 223, 264
Lineus, 153, 262
Liothrips, 335
Liquor folliculi, 195
Liriope, 143, 260
Ixitomastix, 336, 360
Liver fluke, 150, 350, 366 Lobster, 68, 166, 988, 384 Localization of median plane, 375 Locustidae, 334
Loligo, 72, 121, 223, 264 Lmnyctes, 333
Lophyrus, 336
Lucemaria, .93, 260
Lucifer, 62, 165, 265
Lufa, 335
Lumbricids, 223 Lumbriculus, 263, 314 Lumbricus, 100, 263, 359
M achilis, 333
Macrobiotus, 333
Macrocentrus, 360
Macrotoma, 66‘, 266
Maggot, 170
Malacostraca, 68, 286, 332
Mammalian embryo, 185
Mammals, 185 et seq., 221, 241, 256
(table), 373; embryonic membranes of, 241
Man, 195, 207, 249, 254, 255
Mantidae, 334
Mantis, 334
M antispa, 171
Marine animals, 386
Marsupials, 76, 186, 241
Maturation period, 10, 11
Meconema, 218, 219
Mecoptera, 168
Median plane, 48, 375
Medusa, 142, 145, 302
Melanotus, 170
M elittobia, 336
Membranes, 209 et seq., 224, 244, 249,
256 Meroblastic cleavage, 24, 25, 62 Mesenchyme, 124, 283, 284; of trocho- phore, 123
Mesoblast, 283
Mesoderm, 283
Mesoderm bands: derived, 127; primi-
tive, 125; secondary, 127
Mesoderm cell, 60
Mesoderm formation, 122; in insects, 166 Mesoglea, 122
Mesoplasm, 38
O Mesothelium, 284
Metagenesis, 295, 300, 302, 314, 356 Metamorphosis, 173, 177, 385; cataclys- mal, 173; of Asterias, 177-180
Metanauplius, 163, 165
Miastor, 266, 278, 279, 280, 324, 348, 349 Microhydra, 260, 301
Microleeithal eggs, 192
Mmomezus, 336
Microscope, invention of, 6
Microstoma, 261, 306
Microterys, 336
Micrura, 58, 262
Migration of germ cells, 271, 272 Miracidiuxn, 150 440
Mites, 68, 333
Mixed delamination, 105
Moina, 280, 327, 332
Mole, 207
M olgula, 36.266, 348
Mollusca, 53, 55, 60, 61, 93, 94, 100, 101,
102, 103, 122, 123, 126, 156, 160, 161, 176, 223, 263, 264, 283, 295, 349, 373, 378,381
Molluscan trochophore, 160 Molluscoidea, 307
M onandroptera, 334
Monkey, 248, 255
Monogony, 295
Monotremes, 76, 185, 225, 241, 242, 267 Morphological evidence for determina-
tion, 373
Morula, 94
Morula delamination, 106
Mosaic theory of development, 327 Mouse, 207, 245, 252
Mi‘1ller’s larva, 147
Multiplication period, 10, 11
Multipolar ingression, 105
M usca, 65, 230
M ustelus, 81, 23.9, 266
Myriamlda, 313
Myriapoda, 68, 330
M yflnzcophila, 334
Mysis, 163, 165
M ysis, 288
Mytilus, 210
Myxinoids, 76, 116, 120, 234
Narcomedusae, 302
Nauplius, 162
Nauplius, structure of, 163
N auplius larva, 162-165, 2.90
Nebalia, 68, 265
Necturus, 267, 344, 348
Nematodes, 46, 92, 103, 122, 123, 209, 262, 295, 328, 330, 331, 373, 377; see also, Ascaris.
Nematus, 336
Nemerteans, 57, 58, 100, 122, 123, 152, 153, 154, 262, 355, 373, 377, 378, 381
Neotenous organs, 351
Neoteny, 292, 344 et seq.
Nepa, 218
Nephridia, origin of, 159
Nephrocoele theory, 134
SUBJECT INDEX
Nereis, 17, 58, 159, 213, 263, 312, 341, 377, 381
Neurocliordal cells, 41
Neuroptera, 168
Neuroterus, 336
Nomenclature, of Crepidula, 54; of Cyn-
thia, 40
Non—desiduate placenta, 248
Nopoiulus, 333
N otodanus, 81
Nuclear events in gametogcnesis, 12 Nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, 22
Nucleus, 6
Number of young, 384
Obelia, 105, 144, 260, 302 Objections, to biogcnetic law, 291; to germ-layer theory, 284
Obligatory parthenogenesis, 323 Occasional parthenogcnesis, 324 Octopus, 121, 219, 264
Odonata, 168, 170, 230
Oedipoda, 218
Oligocliaeta, 60, 126, 296
Onchospherc, 152
Ontogeny, 8, 286, 292, 294
Oiicyte, 11, 12, 1.95
Oiigonia, 10, 11, 193
Oéiplasin, 12
Oéizoid, 317, 321, 366
Open par-thenogenesis, 324
Ophiothrix, 131, 263
Ophiuroidea, 171, 173, 176 Opisthobranchia, 60
Opossum, 76, 186, 187,188, 189, 190, 191,
242, 268 Optional parthenogcnesis, 323 Organ-forming regions, 21, 370 Organ-forming substances, 21, 371 Origin, of coclentcrate larvae, 142; of coelome, 133; of germ cells, 271
Ornithorhyrwhus, 185, 186, 267
Orthezia, 335
Orthoptera, 166, 168, 218, 325, 334 Ostracoda, 332
Ostrea, 101, 264
Otiorrhynchus, 334
Ovarian follicle, 217
Ovary, 1.94, 216'
“Overgrown” insect amnion, 229 Ovum, 221, 222; promorphology of, 284 SUBJECT INDEX
Pachynematus, 336
Pachythelia, 335
Paedogenesia, 151, 292, 325, 344, 346, 350 Paedomorphosis, 293 Palimanetes, 100, 265 Palingenesis, 290
Palleal budding, 317
Paludina, 101, 223, 264
Paniscus, 337
Paracentrotus, 340 Paracopidosomopsis, 336, 338, 360, 362 Parameles, 243
Paramzmomla, 261, 303
Pamtettiz, 330, 334
Paratomy, 296, 305, 314 Parenchymclla, 103 Parthenogenesis, 7, 151, 295, 297, 306,
322 et seq.; method of, 342; theory of, 341
Parthenolecamlum, 335 Parthenothm'ps, 335
Partial cleavage, 24
Patella, 103, 160, 264 Pathological parthenogenesis, 324 Pattern of cleavage, 374
Pause, developmental, 356 Pedicellina, 100, 262, 309 Pemzeus, 164, 165,265
Pennaria, 141, 144, 260 Pentarthron, 336
Perameles, 243, 268
Perca, 213, 214, 267 Perennibranchiates, 348 Periblast, 114
Periblastula, 95
Peribranchial budding, 317 Peripatus, 128
Periplaneta, 209, 223 Perivitelline space, 211 Permanent buds, 296, 300 Perophom, 318
Petromyzon, 77, 110, 212, 219, 266 Phalacropteryx, 335
Phanacis, 336
Phascolarctus, 186, 268
Phasma, 334
Phasmidae, 334
Phericlista, 336
Phoronis, 92, 100, 133, 262 Phorozooid, 321 Phylactolaemata, 307
\
441
Phyllium, 334
Phyllopoda, 62, 128, 165, 223, 264, 328, 331 Phyllotoma, 336
Phylloxerans, 338
Phylogeny, 286, 292
Phymatocera, 336
Physa, 17, 60, 61, 125, 264
Pig, 207, 250
Pigeon, 116‘, 216', 377
Pilidium, 149, 153, 155 ; amnion of, 154,
225, 227; metamorphosis of, 153
Pisidium, 101,264
Placenta, 225, 230, 247, 248, 249, 252 Placentalia, 192, 193, 248, 249 Placoptera, 168, 170
Placula, 94
Planaria, 261, 304
Plcmocem, 57, 147, 148, 261
I’lanorbis, 21, 60, 101, 264
Plants, parthcnogenesis in, 338
Planula, 103, 104, 141, 144, 302 Plasmotrophobl ast, 253
Platygaster, 360, 361, 362 Platyhelminthes, 57, 90, 93, 102, 122, 123,
146, 147, 150, 151. 152, 223, 261, 283, 284, 296, 304, 306, 330, 350, 354, 358, 366
Platyptera, 168
Pleurobranchidium, 161, 264
Plumatella, 262, 308
Pluteus, 171
Podarke, 100, 263
Polar disc, 281
Polar ingression, 102
Polarity, 374
Pole plasm, 380
Polistes, 337
Polocytes, 11, 12, 34
Polychaetes, 312
Polyclads, 57, 93, 123
Polyembryony, 151, 297, 321, 338, 353 et
scq., 366; causes of, 354 _ Polygordius, 58, 100, 158, 15.9, 225, 227, 263
Polyovular follicles, 355
Polyp, 142, 302
Polyphemus, 23, 265, 332
Polypodium, 260, 301
Poly/stoma, 262, 350
Polytomla, 327
Polyxemus, 333 442
Polyzoa, 307
Pantamla, 336
Porifera, 90, 96, 122, 136, 137, 140, 260,
283, 284, 296, 297, 298, 299
Predelineation, 22, 26 Preformation, 2, 368
Pressure, 381
Primary egg membranes, 209, 210 Primitive mesoderm, 125 Primitive streak, 116, I18 Priophorus, 336'
Pnlwiphora, 336
Pristiurus, 81, 266
Proales, 327 .
Proamnion, 236 Proctrotrupidae, 337 Progenesis, 346
Promorphology, 20; of ovum, 284 Proscolex, 152
Prosobranchia, 60
Prospective potency, 372 Prospective significance, 27, 372 Prostomia, 124
Proteus, 267, 344, 348 Protogonozooid, 321
Protohydra, 260, 300 Protoplasm, 7
Protozoa, 297
Protozoaea, 163, 165 Pseudacris, 267, 379 Pseudoclauellaria, 336 Pseudococcus, 335
Psyche, 335
Pterobranchia, 315
Pteromalus, 336
Pteronidea, 336
Pulmonata, 60, 126
Pulzrinaria, 335
Pygosteus, 214
Pyrosomes, 68, 76
Rabbit, 197, 199, 207, 222, 245
Racial differences in germ cells, 274 Radial cleavage, 28, 374
Raja, 81, 266
Ram, 112, 113, 132, 267, 341 Rzmatra, 218
Raphiderus, 334
Rat, blastocyst of, 205
Rate of mammalian development, 202 Rathke’ s yolk pyramids, 65
SUBJECT INDEX
Rauber’s layer, 201, 203 Recapitulation, 4, 286, 344
Redia, 1151
Reduction, 12 -
Regeneration, 297, 304, 314
Renilla, 23, 62, 261
Reptiles, 76, 89, 116, 118, 119, 236, 237 Restricted unipolar ingression, 102 Retardation, 293
Rhabdites, 325, 328, 331
Rhabdocoel, 223
Rhabdopleura, 263, 315, 317 Rhizocephala, 288, 332
Rhodites, 336
Rodent, 244
Rotifera, 50, 102, 122, 123, 262, 283, 323,
324, 326, 327, 329, 330 Ruminants, 249
Sacculina, 265, 288, 2.90
Sachs~He1-twig laws, 51
Sachs’ principle, 29
Saga, 334
Sagartia, 261, 303
Sagitta, 91, .92, 100, 134, 223, 263, 276‘, 279
Saissetia, 335
Salanumdra, 240, 267, 344 Salamandridae, 286
Salmo, 88, 115, 267
Salmon, 115
Salpa, 266, 319, 320, 321, 366 Salpidae, 225
Sauropsida, 230, 235, 241 Schedius, 336
Schizopoda, 68, 103
Scorpions, 68, 70, 71, 119, 225, 228 Scutellista, 337
Scyllium, 81, 82, 83, 213, 266 Scyphistoma, 303, 304 Scyphomedusae, 106
Scyphozoa, 141, 142, 144, 145, 303,304 Seasonal parthenogenesis, 324 Sea-urchin, 30, 31, 228, 339, 376, 381 Secondary delamination, 106 Secondary egg membranes, 209, 223 Selandria, 336
Sepia, 72, 73, 74, 75, 121, 223, 264 Serosa, 228, 230, 233, 235; of insects, 166 Serranus, 87, 267
Sessile adults, 383
Sex, 326
Sexual reproduction, 295 Shark, 213, 223
Silk moth, 324 Sinwcephalus, 265, 331 Siphonaptera, 168 Siphonophores, 108, 210 Siredon, 267, 347
Siren, 267, 287, 348 Sirenia, 248
Solenobia, 329, 335
Some, 9
Somatic number, 13 Somatopleure, 231
Sarcx, 246, 268 Sparganophilus, 263, 360 Specific polyembryony, 354 Spermatogenesis, 12 Spermatogonia, 10, 11 Sphodromantis, 334 Spiders, 333
Spiral cleavage, 50, 284, 374 Splanchnopleure, 231 Sponges, 90, 122, 284, 296, 299 Spontaneous generation, 7 Sporadic polyetnbryony, 354 Sporocyst, 151
Sporulation, 295
Squalus, 81, 266
Squid, 2596‘
Squilla, 165, 265
Squirrel, 245
Stadia, 168
Stains, 7
Starfish, 296
Statoblasts, 296, 309 Staurodorsia, 264, 349 Stauromedusae, 108 Stewwstoma, 261, 306 Stereoblastula, 93 Stereogastrula, 103 Sterrhopteryz, 335
Stolo prolifer, 318 Stoloniferous budding, 297, 300, 302, 316,
317
Strepsiptera, 168, 334 Strobilia, 147 Strobilization, 303 Stronglyogaster, 336 Strzmgylocentrotus, 30, -31, 263, 340, 374 Stylops, 334
Summer eggs, 23, 324
Superficial blastula, 95 Superficial cleavage, 62 Sycandra, .96‘, 136, 137, 140, 260 Syllids, 312
Syllis, 263, 316
Sylon, 332
Symmetry, 374
Synapsis, 15
Synapta, 28, 2.9, 263
Syncytial delamination, 108
Tables: Events in history of embryology, 5 Classification of cleavage types, 25 Cell lineage of Cynthia, 42 Cell lineage of Ascaris, 49 Cell lineage of Crepidula, facing p. 56 Types of invertebrate larvae, 137 Embryonic membranes of mammals, 256 Embryological conditions of animals in the various phyla, 258 Animal classification, 260 Insects showing parthenogenesis, 333 Taenia, 152, 209, 262, 306‘, 307, 358 Taemlolhrips, 335 Talpa, 246, 268 Tarsius, 248, 249, 255, 268 Tealia, 23, 261 Teleosts, 76, 85, 86, 115, 116, 213, 234, 373, 376, 378 Telmatemlx, 334 Teloblastic mesoderm bands, 125 Telolecithal eggs, 24 Tenthredinidae, 349 Tenthredopsis, I 70 Terebratulina, 78, 263 Terrestrial life, 385 Tertiary membranes, 223 Test cells, 38, 39, 220 Tetrads, 13, 15 Tetranychus, 333 Tetrastichus, 337 Tettigidae, 334 Thalessema, 326, 341 Theca folliculi, 222 Thelytoky, 324 Thrimax, 336 Thysanoptera, 168, 335 Thysanura, 168, 170 Ticks, 333
443. 444
Time, 105, 260
Tomaria, 129, 181, I82
Torpedo, 81, 82, 114, 235, 239, 266 Total cleavage, 24
Total parthenpgenesis, 325 Tozopneustes, 17, 18, 263, 340, 376 Trachymedusae, 108
Trager, 206, 363, 364
Transplantation, 380
Trematodes, 90, 150, 296, 306, 330, 350 Trialeurodes, 329, 335
T7-ichocampus, 336
Trichogramma, 337
Trichomlscus, 328, 333
Trichoptera, 168
Triclads, 223
Triploid parthenogenesis, 325 Tripoctemus, 337
Triton, 131, 267, 376, 378, 380 Trochophore, 123, 127, 156, 157, 160, 176 Trochus, 56, 60, 123, 264
Trophoblast, 190, 191, 198, 200, 201, 203,
242, 243, 247, 248, 249, 252, 253, 254
Troynidozmla, 336
Tropiplwrus, 334
Trypanosyllvls, 263, 311, 312
Tubifex, 263, 314, 360
Tubularia, 141, 142, 143, 144, 260 Tubulipom, 262, 308
Tunicates, 316, 348; see also, Ascidians Tupaija, 200, 203, 204, 246, 268 Turbellarians, 102, 122, 147, 283 Turbot, 384
Turritopsis, 108, 109, 260 Typholomolge, 267, 348
Umbrella, 60, 264 Unequal coeloblastula, 92 Unequal stereoblastula, 93
SUBJECT INDEX
Ungulata, 200, 249
Unio, 60, 101, 264
Unipolar ingression, 102, 103 Urodeles, 274, 348, 373 Uterine milk, 250, 251
Variation, 292
Veliger, 160, 161
Vertebrate, embryonic membranes of, 230 Vertebrate asexual reproduction, 321 Vertebrate discoblastula, 97
Vertebrate gastrula, 110
Vertebrates, 93, 101, 353; cleavage of, 42,
76; germ-cell history of, 271
Vespa, 337
Vespoidea, 337
Vitelline membrane, 34, 210, 211 Vitellophages, 63
Viviparity, 238, 240
Wasp, 230, 324 Winter eggs, 23, 324
Xenos, 230, 334
Yellow crescent, 38, 41
Yolk epithelium, 120
Yolk plug, 119
Yolk pyramids, 65
Yolk sac, 225, 226, 230, 234, 243, 245 Yolk sac placenta, 239, 241
Yungia, 147,148, 149, 150,261
Zoaea, 163, 165
Zoantharia, 303
Zona pellucida, 195
Zona radiata, 195, 212
Zonary placenta, 248. 251, 252 zygote, 11
