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==Liver Polyploidy== | ==Liver Polyploidy== | ||
Polyploid hepatocyte mitoses in vitro with multipolar spindles and chromosome segregation defects. | Polyploid hepatocyte mitoses ''in vitro'' with multipolar spindles and chromosome segregation defects. | ||
* '''A''' - bipolar spindles were established and maintained by centrosome clustering (in about half of tetraploid mitoses) | * '''A''' - bipolar spindles were established and maintained by centrosome clustering (in about half of tetraploid mitoses) | ||
* '''B C''' - centrosomes oriented on 3-4 distinct poles (reflecting either true multipolar spindles or alignment of prometaphase chromosomes from binucleated hepatocytes) | * '''B C''' - centrosomes oriented on 3-4 distinct poles (reflecting either true multipolar spindles or alignment of prometaphase chromosomes from binucleated hepatocytes) | ||
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* '''F''' - hepatocytes with 2 discrete mitotic spindles synchronized in metaphase | * '''F''' - hepatocytes with 2 discrete mitotic spindles synchronized in metaphase | ||
* '''G''' - hepatocytes with 2 discrete mitotic spindles synchronized in anaphase | * '''G''' - hepatocytes with 2 discrete mitotic spindles synchronized in anaphase | ||
* '''I - L''' - mitotic figures similar to those seen in cultured hepatocytes were also seen during hepatocyte proliferation in vivo | * '''I - L''' - mitotic figures similar to those seen in cultured hepatocytes were also seen during hepatocyte proliferation ''in vivo'' | ||
See [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967727/?tool=pubmed#S21 supplementary movies] for recordings of mitotic divisions. | See [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967727/?tool=pubmed#S21 supplementary movies] for recordings of mitotic divisions. |
Revision as of 10:42, 14 August 2011
Liver Polyploidy
Polyploid hepatocyte mitoses in vitro with multipolar spindles and chromosome segregation defects.
- A - bipolar spindles were established and maintained by centrosome clustering (in about half of tetraploid mitoses)
- B C - centrosomes oriented on 3-4 distinct poles (reflecting either true multipolar spindles or alignment of prometaphase chromosomes from binucleated hepatocytes)
- D - octaploid hepatocytes established multipolar spindles with as many as 8 poles
- E - about 1% of cells in anaphase or telophase were oriented with tripolar spindles
- F - hepatocytes with 2 discrete mitotic spindles synchronized in metaphase
- G - hepatocytes with 2 discrete mitotic spindles synchronized in anaphase
- I - L - mitotic figures similar to those seen in cultured hepatocytes were also seen during hepatocyte proliferation in vivo
See supplementary movies for recordings of mitotic divisions.
Methods
- cells were fixed with methanol
- Primary antibodies for alpha-tubulin (clone DM1A, Sigma)
- Primary antibodies were detected with species-specific secondaries conjugated to Alexafluor 488 or Alexafluor 555 (Invitrogen).
- Nuclei were stained with 40 μg/ml Hoechst 33342 (Invitrogen).
Original File Name: Fig. 3 Nature09414-f3.2.jpg
Reference
<pubmed>20861837</pubmed>| PMC2967727 | Nature
Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
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