Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology: Difference between revisions

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==Table of Contents==
==Table of Contents==


I. Terminology and Relative Positions ..... i
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 1|I. Terminology and Relative Positions]]


II. General Embryology ........ 8
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 2|II. General Embryology]]


THE ANIMAL CELL ......... 8  
THE ANIMAL CELL ......... 8  
Line 65: Line 65:
GENERAL GROWTH . . . . . . . . IIO  
GENERAL GROWTH . . . . . . . . IIO  


III. Osteology . . . . . . . . . .113
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 3|III. Osteology]]


INTRODUCTORY . . . . . . . . . II3  
INTRODUCTORY . . . . . . . . . II3  


IV. Bones of Trunk ......... 125
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 4|IV. Bones of Trunk]]


VERTEBRAL COLUMN . . . . . . . 125  
VERTEBRAL COLUMN . . . . . . . 125  
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DEVELOPMENT OF TRUNK BONES . . . . . 167  
DEVELOPMENT OF TRUNK BONES . . . . . 167  


V. Bones of Head . . . . . . . . .172
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 5|V. Bones of Head]]


occipital . . . . . . . . . .172  
occipital . . . . . . . . . .172  
Line 103: Line 103:
TEETH, WITH DEVELOPMENT ....... 278  
TEETH, WITH DEVELOPMENT ....... 278  


VI. Bones of Upper Limb ........ 289
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 6|VI. Bones of Upper Limb]]


VII. Bones of Lower Limb ........ 334
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 7|VII. Bones of Lower Limb]]


hip bone .......... 334  
hip bone .......... 334  
Line 115: Line 115:
LEG AND FOOT . . . . . . . • *355  
LEG AND FOOT . . . . . . . • *355  


VIII. Joints ........... 392
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 8|VIII. Joints]]


GENENA 1 .......... 392  
GENENA1 .......... 392  


IX. The Upper Limb ......... 397
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 9|IX. The Upper Limb]]


back . .......... 397  
back . .......... 397  
Line 137: Line 137:
JOINTS.516  
JOINTS.516  


X. Lower Limb .......... 529
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 10|X. Lower Limb]]


GLUTEAL REGION . . . . . . . , .529  
GLUTEAL REGION . . . . . . . , .529  
Line 155: Line 155:
TIBIO-FIBULAR JOINTS ........ 659  
TIBIO-FIBULAR JOINTS ........ 659  


XI. The Abdomen ......... 674
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 11|XI. The Abdomen]]


PERINEUM.674  
PERINEUM.674  
Line 177: Line 177:
PELVTC ARTICULATIONS ....... 988  
PELVTC ARTICULATIONS ....... 988  


XII. The Thorax. 994
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 12|XII. The Thorax]]


WALL .......... 994  
WALL .......... 994  
Line 195: Line 195:
JOINTS OF RIBS, COSTAL CARTILAGES, AND STERNUM . . ITIO  
JOINTS OF RIBS, COSTAL CARTILAGES, AND STERNUM . . ITIO  


XIII. Development of Vascular Systems . . . . .1116
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 13|XIII. Development of Vascular Systems]]


PRINCIPAL ARTERIES AND VEINS . . . . . . IIl6  
PRINCIPAL ARTERIES AND VEINS . . . . . . IIl6  
Line 205: Line 205:
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM . . . . . . . .II37  
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM . . . . . . . .II37  


XIV. The Head and Neck ........ 1141
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 14|XIV. The Head and Neck]]


BACK OF SCALP AND NECK . . . . . . . II4T  
BACK OF SCALP AND NECK . . . . . . . II4T  
Line 217: Line 217:
CONTENTS OF ORBIT ........ I247  
CONTENTS OF ORBIT ........ I247  


FACE . .......... 1263  
FACE .......... 1263  


TEMPORAL AND INFRATEMPORAL REGIONS .... I3OI  
TEMPORAL AND INFRATEMPORAL REGIONS .... I3OI  
Line 226: Line 226:


NASAL CAVITY ......... I356  
NASAL CAVITY ......... I356  


PHARYNX .......... 1366  
PHARYNX .......... 1366  
Line 238: Line 237:
JOINTS OF ATLAS, AXIS, AND OCCIPITAL BONE . . . I4O4  
JOINTS OF ATLAS, AXIS, AND OCCIPITAL BONE . . . I4O4  


XV. The Nervous System . . . . . . . .1410
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 15|XV. The Nervous System]]


SPINAL CORD ......... 1410  
SPINAL CORD ......... 1410  
Line 279: Line 278:


DEVELOPMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM . . 1597  
DEVELOPMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM . . 1597  
CHAPTER
XV. The Nervous System ( continued )


MENINGES OF ENCEPHALON  
MENINGES OF ENCEPHALON  
Line 289: Line 284:
AUTONOMIC SYSTEM .  
AUTONOMIC SYSTEM .  


XVI. The Eye ....
[[Book - Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology 16|XVI. The Eye]]


COATS ....  
COATS ....  


REFRACTING MEDIA  
REFRACTING MEDIA DEVELOPMENT  
DEVELOPMENT  


XVII. The Ear ....  
XVII. The Ear ....  

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Frazer JE. Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy, including Embryology. (1937) 6th Edition. Bailliere, Tindall And Cox, London.

Online Editor  
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This 1937 textbook edited by Prof Frazer is the 6th edition of Alexander MacGregor Buchanan's (1844-1915) historic textbook.



See also: Historic Embryology Textbooks



Modern Notes: Embryology Textbooks

Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages 
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Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding.     (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers)

Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy including Embryology

Sixth Edition

Edited By

J E. Frazer, D.Sc., F.R.C.S.

Professor Of Anatomy, University Of London; Lecturer In Anatomy, St. Mary’s Hospital; Examiner In Anatomy To The University Of London, And Formerly Examiner At Cambridge, Durham And Oxford, And To The Royal College Of Surgeons

London

Bailliere, Tindall And Cox

Preface To Sixth Edition

File:John Ernest Frazer.jpg
J. Ernest Frazer (1870-1946)

The necessity for a new edition of this Manual has afforded the opportunity of bringing its terminology into line with other English textbooks. The old English nomenclature, which has been used in the book from the first, is therefore replaced by the new Birmingham Revision throughout—except to some extent in the Embryological Section.

For many years the student will come across the terms of yesterday in his clinical and other textbooks and papers. For this reason, and because he should not be cut off from the advantage of study of the great teachers of past times, it has been considered necessary to introduce as subsidiaries the more common and popular terms used up to the present; having been once mentioned, they are not as a rule employed again. Other terms of such sort, particularly those connected with proper names, can be found in the Glossary. Otherwise there have been general revision of the text, some rearrangement, a small amount of new matter inserted, and a number of new illustrations added.

I am indebted to Mr. T. K. Elliott for the greater part of the change of terminology and for the Index, and to the Publishers for their unfailing readiness and help in all the questions concerned in the production of this edition.

J. E. FRAZER.

London,

February, 1937.


Table of Contents

I. Terminology and Relative Positions

II. General Embryology

THE ANIMAL CELL ......... 8

CELL-DIVISION ......... 9

GERM-CELLS . ......... 12

FERTILIZATION OF OVUM ....... 20

DEVELOPMENT OF OVUM . . . . . . .26

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT ....... 33

BROAD OUTLINES OF ORGANOGENY ...... 53

INTRA-UTERINE CONDITIONS . . . . , , . IO4

GENERAL GROWTH . . . . . . . . IIO

III. Osteology

INTRODUCTORY . . . . . . . . . II3

IV. Bones of Trunk

VERTEBRAL COLUMN . . . . . . . 125

RIBS AND CARTILAGES . . . . . . , -154

STERNUM . . . . . . . . . .160

THORAX AS A WHOLE ........ 165

DEVELOPMENT OF TRUNK BONES . . . . . 167

V. Bones of Head

occipital . . . . . . . . . .172

THE MAXILL.E . . . . . . . . 2 JI

HYOID . . . . . . . . . . .235

SKULL AS A WHOLE . . . . . . . .237

REGIONS .......... 242

INTERIOR OF CRANIUM ........ 259

FCETAL SKULL ......... 265

RACIAL PECULIARITIES ........ 268

DEVELOPMENT OF SKULL ....... 270

TEETH, WITH DEVELOPMENT ....... 278

VI. Bones of Upper Limb

VII. Bones of Lower Limb

hip bone .......... 334

THE PELVIS ......... 342

FEMUR .......... 345

LEG AND FOOT . . . . . . . • *355

VIII. Joints

GENENA1 .......... 392

IX. The Upper Limb

back . .......... 397

PECTORAL REGION . . . . . .. . 412

AXILLA . . . . . . . , . .422

ARM . .......... 446

SHOULDER-JOINT ......... 461

FOREARM AND HAND ........ 465

DEVELOPMENT AND MORPHOLOGY . . . . . -515

JOINTS.516

X. Lower Limb

GLUTEAL REGION . . . . . . . , .529

BACK OF THIGH ......... 540

FRONT AND INNER SIDE OF THIGH ...... 551

HIP-JOINT.590

LEG .... 598

KNEE-JOINT .......... 628

SOLE OF FOOT.64 1

TIBIO-FIBULAR JOINTS ........ 659

XI. The Abdomen

PERINEUM.674

ABDOMINAL WALL ......... 704

INGUINAL HERNIA ......... 745

ABDOMINAL CAVITY ........ 754

INTESTINAL STRUCTURE ........ 856

DEVELOPMENTAL POSITIONS ....... 874

LIVER AND OTHER VISCERA ....... 884

MALE PELVIS.^4

FEMALE PELVIS ......... 965

PELVTC ARTICULATIONS ....... 988

XII. The Thorax

WALL .......... 994

THORACIC CAVITY ......... 1002

MEDIASTINUM ......... IOTI

HEART .......... IO48

DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . TO73

OTHER CONTENTS ......... 1085

VERTEBRAL JOINTS. lI0 5

JOINTS OF RIBS, COSTAL CARTILAGES, AND STERNUM . . ITIO

XIII. Development of Vascular Systems

PRINCIPAL ARTERIES AND VEINS . . . . . . IIl6

PRINCIPAL VEINS . . . . . . . . II23

INFERIOR VENA CAVA ........ II33

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM . . . . . . . .II37

XIV. The Head and Neck

BACK OF SCALP AND NECK . . . . . . . II4T

SCALP AND TEMPORAL REGION ...... II53

BASAL PART OF CRANIAL CAVITY . . . . . . 1162

SIDE OF THE NECK . . . . . . . . II7I

CONTENTS OF ORBIT ........ I247

FACE .......... 1263

TEMPORAL AND INFRATEMPORAL REGIONS .... I3OI

DEEP DISSECTION OF NECK ....... 1 323

MOUTH CAVITY ......... 1335

NASAL CAVITY ......... I356

PHARYNX .......... 1366

DEVELOPMENT ......... 1373

LARYNX .......... 1379

PREVERTEBRAL MUSCLES . . . . . . . 1397

JOINTS OF ATLAS, AXIS, AND OCCIPITAL BONE . . . I4O4

XV. The Nervous System

SPINAL CORD ......... 1410

EXTERNAL CHARACTERS . . . . . . . I416

INTERNAL STRUCTURE ....... I42O

DEVELOPMENT ......... I436

encephalon: parts ........ 1442

SUPERFICIAL ORIGINS OF CRANIAL NERVES .... 1 446

rhombencephalon: medulla . . . . . .1451

PONS .......... 1468

CEREBELLUM ......... 1475

THE FOURTH VENTRICLE ....... I488

telencephalon: hemispheres ...... 1493

OLFACTORY LOBE AND RHINENCEPHALON . . . . I5IO

LATERAL VENTRICLE . . . . . . . 1522

BASAL GANGLIA ........ I 5 26

THIRD VENTRICLE ........ 1533

MESENCEPHALON ........ 1547

STRUCTURE OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES .... 1561

VESSELS JO F ENCEPHALON ...... I57O

DEVELOPMENT OF ENCEPHALON . . . . . . 1581

DEVELOPMENT OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM . . 1597

MENINGES OF ENCEPHALON CRANIAL NERVES CRANIO-CEREBRAL TOPOGRAPHY AUTONOMIC SYSTEM .

XVI. The Eye

COATS ....

REFRACTING MEDIA DEVELOPMENT

XVII. The Ear ....

EXTERNAL EAR .

MIDDLE EAR INTERNAL EAR MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH DEVELOPMENT OF EAR

GLOSSARY ....

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