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| ==Introduction==
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| [[File:SHsmall.jpg|left]] This lecture will provide an overview of the lymphoid structure and histology of key cells, vessels, structures and organs lymphoid organs, including the lymph nodes, spleen and thymus, as well as extranodal lymphoid tissues including mucosal associated lymphoid tissues (MALT).
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| In this lecture I will go through the structures in sequence from cells through to organs, immunity itself is covered in detail elsewhere in the course.
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| Page is currently being updated for 2016 (notice removed when completed). [[Draft 2016]]
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| {|
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| {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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| ! Textbook References
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| | {{Embryo citation}}
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| * [[SH_Practical_-_Lymphatic_Structure_and_Organs|SH Laboratory Support]] | [[Media:AIDS_related_lymphoma_movie.mp4|Movie - AIDS related lymphoma]] | [[Student:SH Lecture - Lymphatic Structure and Organs|Student Lecture Feedback]]
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| * [[SH_Practical_-_Lymphatic_Quiz|Lymphatic Quiz]]
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| * Additional background information:
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|
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| {{Immune Links}}
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| | '''Janeway’s Immunobiology''' (see in [[SH_Lecture_-_Lymphatic_Structure_and_Organs#Additional_Information|additional information]]) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=imm.TOC&depth=2 NCBI Bookshelf] A good detailed textbook on the lymphatic system.
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| | '''Nature Immunology''' - These are short (5-10 min) animations showing how the immune system monitors the epithelial and environment interface at different anatomical locations.
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| * [http://www.nature.com/ni/multimedia/skin/index.html Immunology of the skin]
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| * [http://www.nature.com/ni/multimedia/lung/index.html Immunology of the lung]
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| * [http://www.nature.com/ni/multimedia/mucosal/index.html Immunology in the gut mucosa]
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| | [[File:Histology and cell biology, 3rd edn.jpg|left|90px|thumb]]
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| UNSW Students have online access to the current 3rd edn. through the [http://www.unsw.eblib.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/patron/Read.aspx?p=2074364 UNSW Library subscription].
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| * [http://www.unsw.eblib.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/patron/Read.aspx?p=1430108&pg=186 Chapter 6. Blood And Hematopoiesis]
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| * [http://www.unsw.eblib.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/patron/Read.aspx?p=1430108&pg=320 Chapter 10. Immune-Lymphatic System]
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| ** [http://www.unsw.eblib.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/patron/Read.aspx?p=1430108&pg=335 Lymph Node]
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| ** [http://www.unsw.eblib.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/patron/Read.aspx?p=1430108&pg=339 Thymus]
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| ** [http://www.unsw.eblib.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/patron/Read.aspx?p=1430108&pg=345 Spleen]
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| * Chapter 16. Lower Digestive Segment [http://www.unsw.eblib.com.wwwproxy0.library.unsw.edu.au/patron/Read.aspx?p=1430108&pg=501 Protection of the small intestine]
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| * Blood Chapter Page 169 - Blood development information. Page 191 - Myeloid lineage histology.
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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| ! colspan="2"|Previous Lectures
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| | New lecture link will be added here.
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| | [[Media:SH Lecture 2015 - Lymphatic Structure and Organs.pdf|PDF 2015]] | [https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=SH_Lecture_-_Lymphatic_Structure_and_Organs&oldid=175277 2015] | [[Media:SH Lecture 2014 - Lymphatic Structure and Organs.pdf|PDF 2014]] | [https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=SH_Lecture_-_Lymphatic_Structure_and_Organs&oldid=164891 2014] | [http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=SH_Lecture_-_Lymphatic_Structure_and_Organs&oldid=116560 2013] | [http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=SH_Lecture_-_Lymphatic_Structure_and_Organs&oldid=115513 2012] | [http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/index.php?title=2010_Society_and_Health_-_Lymphatic_organs_histology 2010]
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| |}
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| |}
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| {|
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| |-bgcolor="CEDFF2"
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| ! Structure
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| ! Function
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| # '''Cells''' - blood cells (parenchyma), connective tissue (stroma)
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| # '''Vessels''' - lymphatic vessels
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| # '''Diffuse''' - (extra-nodal tissue) nodules, Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissues (MALT)
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| # '''Nodes''' - (historic, "glands")
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| # '''Organs''' - thymus, spleen
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| | valign="top"|
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| # '''Immune''' - “monitor” of body surfaces, internal fluids
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| # '''Extracellular fluid''' - returns interstitial fluid to circulation
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| # '''Gastrointestinal tract''' - carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins
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| |}
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| [[File:Lymphatic-system-overview.jpg|600px|Lymphatic system]]
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| ==Cells==
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| [[File:Hematopoietic_and_stromal_cell_differentiation.jpg]]
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| Two Blood Cell Systems
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| # '''Mononuclear Phagocytic System''' - circulating monocytes of peripheral blood and non-circulating (fixed) tissue macrophages found throughout the body.
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| # '''Lymphoid System''' - lymphocytes, three major types of T, B, and NK.
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| Lymphoid Organs
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| * Central - Lymphocytes develop from precursor cells in bone marrow. (see blood marrow image)
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| * Peripheral - Lymphocytes respond to antigen lymph nodes or spleen.
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| {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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| ! Blood Cells
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| | The blood cell information shown below in the table is shown to identify the relative proportions of different cell types in the circulating blood. This information is provided in the lecture as additional information for reference purposes only.
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| {{Blood Cell Number Table}}
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| |}
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|
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| ===1. Mononuclear Phagocytic System===
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| Mononuclear Phagocytic System (MPS, also called Lymphoreticular System or Reticuloendothelial System, RES)
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| {|
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| | [[File:Monocyte 01.jpg|400px]]
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| | [[File:Liver- Kupffer cell and reticular fibre.jpg|400px]]
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| | Circulating '''monocytes''' of peripheral blood.
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| * monocytes entering the connective tissue differentiate into '''macrophages''')
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| | Non-circulating (fixed) tissue '''macrophages''' (MΦ)
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| * found throughout the body ([[:File:Liver_structure_cartoon.jpg|Liver, Kuffer cells]]), spleen, nodes and other tissues.
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| |}
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|
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| ===2. Lymphoid System===
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| Adaptive immunity functional cells are the '''lymphocytes''' (B, T, NK) and '''dendritic cells''' (process antigen and present it on their surface, monocyte precursor derived).
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| # '''Antibody-mediated''' - B Lymphocyte secreting antibody = '''Plasma Cell'''
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| # '''Cell-mediated''' - T Lymphocytes form '''memory cell''', Cytotoxic T cells, T helper cell
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| [[File:lymphocyte 01.jpg|400px]] [[File:Lymphocyte_02.jpg|400px]]
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| {|
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| | '''B Cell Development'''
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| | '''Germinal Centres'''
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| * Bone marrow
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| * blood
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| * Lymph node, nodule
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| * Lymphatic vessel
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| * Bone marrow
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| * Bone Marrow
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| * Medullary cords contain plasma cells
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| |}
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| {|
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| | [[File:Plasma_cell_clockface_nucleus_01.jpg|400px]]
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| | valign=top|'''Plasma cells'''
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| * Activated B cell, plasma B cells, plasmocytes, effector B cells and B cell that is secreting antibody.
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| * secrete antibody directly into blood for distribution to all body
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| * in local extrafollicular sites are short lived 2–4 days
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| * longer-lived plasma cells in bone marrow 3 weeks to 3 months+
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| * "clockface" nucleus
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| ** Nucleus has darker (heterochromatin) regions around periphery of nucleus separated by lighter (euchromatin) regions.
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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| ! Lymphocyte Electron Micrographs
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| | Histologically, there is little difference in appearance between T and B lymphocytes until activated.
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| <gallery>
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| File:T and B lymphocytes EM10.jpg|T and B Lymphocyte
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| File:T_and_B_lymphocytes_EM09.jpg|T and B Lymphocyte
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| File:Plasma_cell_EM06.jpg|Plasma cell (B)
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| File:T2_lymphocyte_EM13.jpg|Cytotoxic (T)
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| </gallery>
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| |}
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| ===Lymphocyte Circulation===
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| * Microbial '''antigens''' are carried into a lymph node by '''dendritic cells''', which enter via afferent lymphatic vessels draining an infected tissue.
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| * '''T and B cells''' enter the lymph node via an artery and migrate out of the bloodstream through postcapillary venules.
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| ** Unless they encounter their antigen, the T and B cells leave the lymph node via efferent lymphatic vessels, which eventually join the thoracic duct.
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| * The thoracic duct empties into a large vein carrying blood to the heart.
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| * A typical circulation cycle takes about 12–24 hours.
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| '''Links:''' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=mboc4&part=A4419 MBoC Chapter 24 - The Adaptive Immune System] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26921/figure/A4442 MBoC Figure 24-14. The path followed by lymphocytes as they continuously circulate between the lymph and blood] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=imm Immunobiology]
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| ==Lymph Vessels==
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| Three main types (capillaries, collecting vessels, ducts) based on size and morphology.
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| * Remember anatomy acronym - '''NAVL''' = Nerve, Artery, Vein and Lymph.
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| ===Lymph Capillaries===
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| [[File:Lymphatic capillary.jpg]]
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| [[File:Gastrointestinal tract intestine immune cartoon 01.jpg|thumb|300px|Gastrointestinal tract intestine lymphatics]]
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| Begin as blind-ending tubes in connective tissue, larger than blood capillaries, very irregularly shaped.
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| [[File:Intestine_histology_004.jpg|300px]][[File:Intestine histology 001.jpg|300px]]
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| Jejunum lacteal (lymphatic capillary of small intestine villi, absorbs dietary fats)
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| ===Lymph Collecting Vessels===
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| [[File:Lymphatic_vasculature_03.jpg|400px]]
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| Larger and form valves, morphology similar to lymph capillaries. Lymphangion
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| ===Lymph Ducts===
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| Smooth muscle cells in wall, 1 or 2 layers.
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| {|
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| | [[File:Gray599-1.jpg]]
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| Thoracic and right lymphatic ducts
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| [[File:Lymphatic_vasculature_04.jpg|300px]]
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| Lymph
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| * Fluid portion of lymphatic circulation
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| * blood plasma will leave blood vessels into surrounding tissues
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| * adds to normal tissue interstitial fluid
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| * surplus of liquid needs to be returned to circulation
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| * Lymph vessels provide unidirectional flow of this liquid
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| |}
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| ==Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue==
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| [[File:Lymphatic-system-tonsil-MALT.jpg|thumb|400px|Tonsil and MALT]]
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| Alimentary canal, respiratory passage and urogenital tract.
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| * '''BALT''' - '''B'''ronchus '''A'''ssociated '''L'''ymphoid '''T'''issue or '''GALT''' - '''G'''ut '''A'''ssociated '''L'''ymphatic '''T'''issue
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| * '''Not enclosed by a connective tissue capsule'''
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| * Located in subepithelial tissue - '''lamina propria'''
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| * Diffuse lymphatic tissue + nodules
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| * Reactive - enlarge when activated (by antigen)
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| '''Lymphocytes'''
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| * travel to nodes and back again
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| * proliferation and differentiation
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| ===Lymph Nodules===
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| * Organized concentrations of lymphocytes
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| ** No capsule, covered by epithelia
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| * Nodules are also the unit structure seen in a node
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| * Oval concentrations in meshwork of reticular cells
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|
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| ===Nodule States===
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| * '''Primary Nodule''' - Mainly small lymphocytes
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| * '''Secondary Nodule'''
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| ** Central pale region (germinal centre) - Effector cells and macrophages
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| ** Dark outer ring (small lymphocytes)
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| ===Gastrointestinal Tract===
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| * Oropharynx - Tonsils
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| * Distal small intestine (ilieum) - Peyer’s Patches
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| * Appendix, cecum
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| ===Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissues===
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| {|
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| | [[File:oesophagus MALT.jpg|300px]]
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| Anatomical location - Palatine ('''tonsils'''), Lingual and Pharyngeal ( '''adenoids''' )
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| Ring of oral adenoid tissue:
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| * anterior - '''lingual tonsil''' formed by the submucous adenoid collections.
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| * lateral - '''palatine tonsils''' and adenoid collections near the auditory tubes.
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| * posterior - '''pharyngeal tonsil''' on the posterior wall of the pharynx.
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| * between main masses are smaller collections of adenoid tissue.
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| |}
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| ===Palatine Tonsils===
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| [[File:Tonsil_histology_01.jpg|400px]] [[File:Tonsil_histology_02.jpg|400px]]
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| * the "tonsils", lateral wall of oropharynx
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| * covered by '''stratified squamous epithelium'''
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| * numerous crypts (10-20) infolds of surface epithelium
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| * Afferent lymph vessels absent
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| * Efferent lymph vessels are present
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| ===Lingual Tonsils===
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| * lamina propria root of tongue
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| * covered by '''stratified squamous epithelium'''
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| * salivary glands and skeletal muscle are directly adjacent
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| ===Pharyngeal Tonsils===
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| * '''adenoids''' or nasopharyngeal tonsils, upper posterior part of throat
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| * covered by a '''pseudostratified ciliated epithelium''' with goblet cells
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| ===Peyer's Patch===
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| * located in the ileum
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| {|
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| | [[File:Peyers patches ileocolonoscopy 01.jpg|300px]]
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| | [[File:Peyer's patch 01.jpg|300px]]
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| | [[File:Peyer's patch 02.jpg|300px]]
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| | Peyers patches (ileocolonoscopy)
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| | Peyer's Patch (histology)
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| | microfold cells or M-cells<br>(transport gut lumen organisms and particles to immune cells across the epithelial barrier).
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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| ! About Peyer's Patch
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| | {{External Links}}
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| * Learn how the Peyer's Patches function in the Gut Mucosa immune function in this [http://www.nature.com/ni/multimedia/mucosal/animation/index.html Nature Immunology Animation - Immunology in the Gut Mucosa]
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| * Peyer's Patches are named after Johann Conrad Peyer (1653 – 1712) a Swiss anatomist who first described these specialised structures.
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| |}
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| ==Additional Information==
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| {{Med Prac additional Information}}
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| If you have comments or questions specifically related to this lecture, please leave them on the [[Student:SH Lecture - Lymphatic Structure and Organs|Student lecture feedback page]].
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|
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| ''The following is not part of the lecture and is for reference purposes only.''
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|
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| {|
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| ! Janeway’s Immunobiology
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| | [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|left|50px]] A useful resource textbook for further reading on '''Lymphatic Structure and Organs''' is [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10757/ Immunobiology] 5th edition The Immune System in Health and Disease Charles A Janeway, Jr, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, and Mark J Shlomchik. Open links in a new tab if you wish to refer back to this lecture page.
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|
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| I have included some links in this table below to specific notes and there is also available a [[Talk:SH_Lecture_-_Lymphatic_Structure_and_Organs#Immunobiology_3|complete list of contents]].
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| {{External Links}}
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| [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10757/ Immunobiology] 5th edition The Immune System in Health and Disease Charles A Janeway, Jr, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, and Mark J Shlomchik.
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|
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| '''Part I. An Introduction to Immunobiology and Innate Immunity''' Chapter 1. Basic Concepts in Immunology
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| * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/ The components of the immune system]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/figure/A40 Figure 1.3 All the cellular elements of blood, including the lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, arise from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/figure/A41 Figure 1.4 Myeloid cells in innate and adaptive immunity]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/figure/A42 Figure 1.5 Lymphocytes are mostly small and inactive cells]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/figure/A43 Figure 1.6 Natural killer (NK) cells]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/figure/A45 Figure 1.7 The distribution of lymphoid tissues in the body]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/figure/A47 Figure 1.8 Organization of a lymph node]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/figure/A48 Figure 1.9 Organization of the lymphoid tissues of the spleen]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/figure/A49 Figure 1.10 Organization of typical gut-associated lymphoid tissue]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/figure/A51 Figure 1.11 Circulating lymphocytes encounter antigen in peripheral lymphoid organs]
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| * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/#A52 Summary to Chapter 1]
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|
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| '''Part III. The Development of Mature Lymphocyte Receptor Repertoires''' Chapter 7. The Development and Survival of Lymphocytes
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| * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27123/ Generation of lymphocytes in bone marrow and thymus]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27123/figure/A803 Figure 7.3 The early stages of B-cell development are dependent on bone marrow stromal cells]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27123/figure/A806 Figure 7.5 The development of a B-lineage cell proceeds through several stages marked by the rearrangement and expression of the immunoglobulin genes]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27123/figure/A809 Figure 7.7 The cellular organization of the human thymus]
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| ** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27123/figure/A818 Figure 7.13Thymocytes at different developmental stages are found in distinct parts of the thymus]
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| * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27150/ Survival and maturation of lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid tissues]
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| * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27123/#A819 Summary to Chapter 7]
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| |}
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|
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|
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| [[File:SHsmall.jpg|left]] [[SH Practical - Lymphatic Structure and Organs|'''SH Practical - Lymphatic Structure and Organs''']] associated practical support page. Note that virtual slides will be used in the associated practical class and this linked page is provided for student self-directed learning of concepts from the virtual slides.
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|
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| :[[:File:Lymphatic-system-overview.jpg|'''Lymphatic cartoon links''']]: [[:File:Lymphatic-system-overview.jpg|Overview]] | [[:File:Lymphatic-system-tonsil.jpg|Tonsil]] | [[:File:Lymphatic-system-tonsil-MALT.jpg|Tonsil and MALT]] | [[:File:Lymphatic-system-thymus.jpg|Thymus]] | [[:File:Lymphatic-system-spleen.jpg|Spleen]] | [[:File:Lymphatic-system-bone-marrow.jpg|Bone marrow]] | [[SH_Lecture_-_Lymphatic_Structure_and_Organs|Lecture - Lymphatics]] | [[Immune System Development]]
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| [[Category:Human]] [[Category:Cartoon]] [[Category:Immune]] [[Category:Histology]]
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|
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| <gallery>
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| File:Lymph node cartoon 02.jpg|Cell Trafficking into and out of Lymph Nodes
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| File:Lymph node - high endothelial venule.jpg|Lymphocyte Migration at High Endothelial Venule Model
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| File:Lymphatic-system-overview.jpg|Overview
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| File:Lymphatic-system-tonsil.jpg|Tonsil
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| File:Lymphatic-system-tonsil-MALT.jpg|Tonsil and MALT
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| File:Lymphatic-system-thymus.jpg|Thymus
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| File:Lymphatic-system-spleen.jpg|Spleen
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| File:Lymphatic-system-bone-marrow.jpg|Bone marrow
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| </gallery>
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|
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|
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| {{Lymph node cartoons}}
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|
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| {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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| ! colspan="4"|Mouse Lymphocyte Motility Movies
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| |-
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| | valign="bottom"|{{Lymph Node Movie 1}}
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| | valign="bottom"|{{Lymph Node Movie 2}}
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| | valign="bottom"|{{Lymph Node Movie 3}}
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| | valign="bottom"|{{Lymph Node Movie 4}}
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| |-
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| | valign="bottom"|{{Lymph Node Movie 5}}
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| | valign="bottom"|{{Lymph Node Movie 6}}
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| | valign="bottom"|{{Lymph Node Movie 7}}
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| | valign="bottom"|{{Lymph Node Movie 8}}
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| |-
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| | colspan="4"|'''Mouse Immune Movies:''' [[Mouse_Lymph_Node_Movie_1|Transendothelial migration]] | [[Mouse_Lymph_Node__Movie_2|T cell zone]] | [[Mouse_Lymph_Node__Movie_3|Medullary sinus]] | [[Mouse_Lymph_Node__Movie_4|Sinus endothelial barrier]] | [[Mouse_Lymph_Node_Movie_5|Bi-directional traffic]] | [[Mouse_Lymph_Node__Movie_6|cross the sinus endothelial barrier]] | [[Mouse_Lymph_Node__Movie_7|T and B cell motility]] | [[Mouse_Lymph_Node__Movie_8|T and B cell coupling]]
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| |}
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|
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| {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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| ! Additional Images
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| |-
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| <gallery>
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| File:Adult_lymphatic_system.jpg|Adult lymphatic system
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| File:Lymph_node_cartoon.jpg|Lymph node cartoon
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| File:Lymph_nodes_head_neck_superficial.jpg|Lymph nodes - head neck superficial
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| </gallery>
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| |}
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| * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3144400/figure/F1/ Figure - Gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and systemic mucosal immunity]
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|
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| '''Nature Immunology''' - Videos
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|
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| These are short (5-10 min) animations showing how the immune system monitors the epithelial and environment interface at different anatomical locations.
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| * [http://www.nature.com/ni/multimedia/skin/index.html Immunology of the skin]
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| * [http://www.nature.com/ni/multimedia/lung/index.html Immunology of the lung]
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| * [http://www.nature.com/ni/multimedia/mucosal/index.html Immunology in the gut mucosa]
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|
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| '''Government Sources'''
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|
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| These information pages provide general information to the public. See how the biology concepts have been simplified to make them more understandable.
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|
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| USA
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| * [https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/just-diagnosed-with-hiv-aids/hiv-in-your-body/immune-system-101 Basic AIDS and Immune System Information]
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| * [http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/immunesystem/Pages/default.aspx NIAD - Immune System]
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|
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| Australia
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| * [http://www.healthdirect.gov.au/hiv-infection-and-aids Healthdirect HIV/AIDS]
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|
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| {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| |
| ! Blood Cells
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| |-
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| | [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|left|50px]] Blood cell information shown in the table below is also additional information for reference purposes.
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|
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| {{Blood Cell Number Table}}
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| |}
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|
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| {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| |
| ! Anatomy of the Human Body (1918) - Lymphatics
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| |-
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| | [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|left|50px]] [[Anatomy_of_the_Human_Body_by_Henry_Gray|Anatomy of the Human Body]] Gray (1918) Historic anatomy is good, though there are there are some functional inaccuracies.
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|
| |
| <gallery>
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| File:Gray0592.jpg|592 Primary lymph sacs.
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| File:Gray0593.jpg|593 Lymph capillaries of the human conjunctiva.
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| File:Gray0594.jpg|594 Lymph capillaries from the human scrotum.
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| File:Gray0595.jpg|595 Lymph capillaries of the sole of the human foot.
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| File:Gray0596.jpg|596 Section through human tongue.
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| File:Gray0597.jpg|597 Lymph gland (Node).
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| File:Gray0598.jpg|598 Lymph gland tissue.
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| File:Gray0599.jpg|599 Thoracic and right lymphatic ducts.
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| File:Gray0600.jpg|600 Modes of origin of thoracic duct.
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| File:Gray0601.jpg|601 Terminal collecting trunks of right side.
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| File:Gray0602.jpg|602 Lymph glands of the head.
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| File:Gray0603.jpg|603 Lymphatics of pharynx.
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| File:Gray0604.jpg|604 Lymphatics of the face.
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| File:Gray0605.jpg|605 Lymphatics of the Tongue.
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| File:Gray0606.jpg|606 Lymph glands of the upper extremity.
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| File:Gray0607.jpg|607 Lymphatics of the mamma.
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| File:Gray0608.jpg|608 Lymphatic vessels of the dorsal hand surface.
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| File:Gray0609.jpg|609 Lymph glands of popliteal fossa.
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| File:Gray0610.jpg|610 Superficial lymph glands and vessels of the lower extremity.
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| File:Gray0611.jpg|611 Parietal lymph glands of the pelvis.
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| File:Gray0612.jpg|612 Iliopelvic glands.
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| File:Gray0613.jpg|613 Lymphatics of stomach.
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| File:Gray0614.jpg|614 Lymphatics of stomach.
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| File:Gray0615.jpg|615 Lymphatics of cecum and vermiform process.
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| File:Gray0616.jpg|616 Lymphatics of cecum and vermiform process.
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| File:Gray0617.jpg|617 Lymphatics of Colon.
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| File:Gray0618.jpg|618 Lymphatic of the Bladder.
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| File:Gray0619.jpg|619 Lymphatics of the Prostate.
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| File:Gray0620.jpg|620 Lymphatics of the Uterus.
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| File:Gray0621.jpg|621 Lymphatics of the thorax and abdomen.
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| File:Gray0622.jpg|622 Tracheobronchial Lymph Glands
| |
| </gallery>
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| :Textbook Links: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26921/figure/A4429 MBoC Figure 24-6. The development and activation of T and B cells | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26921/figure/A4430/ Figure 24-7. Electron micrographs of nonactivated and activated lymphocytes] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27092/figure/A48 Immunobiology - Figure 1.9. Organization of the lymphoid tissues of the spleen]
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|
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| '''Structure''' - Cells, Vessels, Diffuse (extra-nodal tissue), Nodes, Organs.
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| * Cells
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| * Vessels
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| * Diffuse
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| ** Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissues (MALT)
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| ** Extranodal Lymphoid Tissues
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| ** Nodules
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| * Lymph Nodes
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| ** Position
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| ** Structure
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| ** Function
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| * Organs
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| ** Position, Structure, Function
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| ** Thymus
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| ** Spleen
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|
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| == Terms ==
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| A few key terms associated with the Lymphoid system.
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|
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| {{immune terms}}
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|
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|
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| {{Glossary}}
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|
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|
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| {{Footer}}
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|
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| [[Category:Medicine]][[Category:Immune]] [[Category:Histology]][[Category:2016]]
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