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| #REDIRECT [[Abnormal Development - Anencephaly]] | | #REDIRECT [[Abnormal Development - Anencephaly]] |
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| {{Header}}
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| ==Introduction==
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| [[File:USA_anencephaly_rates.jpg|thumb|300px|Anencephaly Rates (USA Data)<ref>Mathews TJ. '''Trends in spina bifida and anencephalus in the United States, 1991-2005''', National Vital Statistics System.</ref>]]
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| A neural tube defect, {{anencephaly}} is a failure of the neural tube to close cranially. Also called exencephaly or craniorachischisis.
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| :'''Links:''' [[Abnormal_Development_-_Folic_Acid_and_Neural_Tube_Defects|Low Folic Acid and NTDs]] | [[International_Classification_of_Diseases_-_XVII_Congenital_Malformations#Congenital_malformations_of_the_nervous_system_.28Q00-Q07.29|International Classification of Diseases - Neural]]
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| {{Neural Links}}
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| ==Some Recent Findings==
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| {|
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| |-bgcolor="F5FAFF"
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| {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
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| ! More recent papers
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| | [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}}
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| Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Anencephaly ''Anencephaly'']
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| <pubmed limit=5>Anencephaly</pubmed>
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| |}
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| ==International Classification of Diseases==
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| Q00 Anencephaly and similar malformations
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| * Q00.0 Anencephaly, Acephaly, Acrania, Amyelencephaly, Hemianencephaly, Hemicephaly
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| * Q00.1 Craniorachischisis
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| * Q00.2 Iniencephaly
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| |}
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| {|
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| ! Fetal Anencephaly
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| |-
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| | [[File:Spina bifida front.JPG|300px]]
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| | [[File:ZAnencephaly.jpg|200px]]
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| |-
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| | ventral view
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| | lateral view
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| |}
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| ==Ultrasound==
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| [[File:Anencephaly_ultrasound.jpg|600px]]
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| Anencephaly in a fetus (GA week 18) from a diabetic mother. Ultrasound images (coronal) show a complete absence of the cranial vault and brain and enlarged orbits.{{#pmid:21042439|PMID21042439}}
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| :'''Links:''' {{maternal diabetes}}
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| ==Historic Anencephaly==
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| These drawings are from a 1921 study of a single embryonic anencephaly.<ref name=Frazer1921>{{Ref-Frazer1921}}</ref>
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| <gallery>
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| File:Frazer1921 fig01.jpg|Fig. 1. Reconstruction of anencephalic embryo.
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| File:Frazer1921 fig02.jpg|Fig. 2. Hind-brain 28 mm embryo (left view).
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| </gallery>
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| These drawings are from a 1925 study of 57 cases of anencephaly.<ref name=Nañagas1925>{{Ref-Nañagas1925}}</ref>
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| <gallery>
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| File:Nanagas1925-fig01a.jpg|anencephalic acranius
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| File:Nanagas1925-fig01b.jpg|anencephalic craniorhachischisis
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| File:Nanagas1925-fig01c.jpg|microcephalic acrauius
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| File:Nanagas1925-fig01d.jpg|microcephalic craniorhachischisis
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| File:Nanagas1925-fig01e.jpg|exocephalic acranius
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| </gallery>
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| {{Ref-DoddsDeangelis1937}}
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| ==References==
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| <references/>
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| ===Journals===
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| [http://www.pediatricneurosciences.com Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences] - is official publication of the Indian Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery.
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| ===Search PubMed===
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| Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Neural+Development+Abnormalities Neural Development Abnormalities] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Anencephaly Anencephaly] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Encephalocele Encephalocele] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Holoprosencephaly Holoprosencephaly] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Autism Autism]
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| {{Glossary}}
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| {{Footer}}
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| [[Category:Abnormal Development]] [[Category:Neural]]
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