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| =Week 1 to 3 Development=
| | PRACTICAL CLASS PROGRAM: |
| {{ANAT2341Lab2}}
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| | * Weekly Quiz + revision (15 minutes) |
| | * Practical class activities: (45 minutes) |
| | * Guest Lecture by [https://wch.med.unsw.edu.au/people/associate-professor-robert-gilchrist Professor Robert Gilchrist] (45 minutes) |
| | * Practical Class Revision (15 minutes) |
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| ==Oocyte Biology Research Unit==
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| [[File:Oocyte BMP15 and GDF9 effects.jpg|thumb|Oocyte BMP15 and GDF9 effects PMID 25058588]]
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| ! Associate Professor Robert Gilchrist
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| | Talk - The Reproductive Technology Revolution
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| | Dr Gilchrist’s primary research interests are in the regulation of mammalian oocyte development and maturation, and the development of novel oocyte maturation techniques for infertility treatment.
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| | [https://research.unsw.edu.au/people/associate-professor-robert-bruce-gilchrist UNSW Research Gateway] - [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Gilchrist+R%5BAuthor%5D PubMed]
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| ===Recent Article===
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| <pubmed>26254468</pubmed>
| | PRACTICAL CLASS ACTIVITIES: |
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| :"Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are oocyte-specific growth factors with central roles in mammalian reproduction, regulating species-specific fecundity, ovarian follicular somatic cell differentiation and oocyte quality. In the human, GDF9 is produced in a latent form, the mechanism of activation being an open question. Here, we produced a range of recombinant GDF9 and BMP15 variants, examined their in silico and physical interactions, and their effects on ovarian [[Granulosa Cells|granulosa cells]] (GC) and oocytes. We found that the potent synergistic actions of GDF9 and BMP15 on GC can be attributed to the formation of a heterodimer, which we have termed cumulin. Structural modelling of cumulin revealed a dimerization interface identical to homodimeric GDF9 and BMP15, indicating likely formation of a stable complex. This was confirmed by generation of recombinant heterodimeric complexes of pro/mature domains (pro-cumulin) and covalent mature domains (cumulin). Both pro-cumulin and cumulin exhibited highly potent bioactivity on GC, activating both SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathways, and promoting proliferation and expression of a set of genes associated with oocyte-regulated GC differentiation. Cumulin was more potent than pro-cumulin, pro-GDF9, pro-BMP15 or the two combined on GC. However, on cumulus-oocyte complexes, pro-cumulin was more effective than all other growth factors at notably improving oocyte quality as assessed by subsequent day 7 embryo development. Our results support a model of activation for human GDF9 dependant on cumulin formation through heterodimerization with BMP15. Oocyte-secreted cumulin is likely to be a central regulator of fertility in mono-ovular mammals."
| | # Virtual human embryo dissections and histology |
| | # Embryo models and specimens of human developmental abnormalities (optional) |
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| :'''OMIM Links:''' [http://omim.org/entry/601918 GDF9] | [http://omim.org/entry/300247 BMP15] | [http://omim.org/entry/601366 SMAD2]
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| ==Objectives==
| | LEARNING OBJECTIVES: |
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| # Identify the key features of fertilization.
| | * Understanding of reproductive technologies |
| # Identify the key features of week 1 development.
| | * Understanding of events during early ectoderm and mesoderm development |
| # Identify the key features of week 2 development.
| | * Understanding of the process of neurulation and neural crest formation |
| # Complete the individual assessment 2.
| | * Understanding of the adult components derived from ectoderm and mesoderm |
| # Group assessment project.
| | * Understanding the process of body cavity formation |
| | * Brief understanding of early heart formation |
| | * Brief understanding of abnormalities associated with early ectoderm and mesoderm development |
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| ==Fertilization Reviews==
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| # [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18649281 Review of sperm penetration through cumulus mass and zona pellucida]
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| # [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22054237 Review of sperm-egg interaction]
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| # [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22217572 Review of parthenogenesis]
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| ==Human development timeline==
| | PRACTICAL CLASS NOTES: |
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| [[File:Human development timeline graph 01.jpg|600px]] | | The Practical class notes are available on [https://moodle.telt.unsw.edu.au/mod/url/view.php?id=2398854 Moodle]. |
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| {{ANAT2341Lab2}}
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| {{2015ANAT2341}}
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