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| ==Take the Quiz==
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| <quiz display=shuffle>
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| {Which of the following statements is most correct concerning early development in female gametogenesis:
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| |type="()"}
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| - the total number of ooctyes is regulated by follicle stimulating hormone
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| - oocyte numbers increase prenatally and begin to decrease at puberty
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| + less than 0.1% of all oocytes formed are released during reproductive life
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| - oocytes within all antral follicles are released in sequence at ovulation
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| - oocyte selection occurs at the primordial follicle stage
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| ||Of the 7,000,000 million oocytes initially formed only 400-500 will be released during reproductive life from puberty to menopause. [[F#follicle stimulating hormone|Follicle stimulating hormone]] (from the pituitary) is involved in the development of a number of oocytes in primordial follicles from the total cohort. Oocyte number decreases from birth onward. A number of antral follicles will develop, with only one released each cycle, a few of the remainder could develop for future release the majority will degenerate by [[A#atresia|atresia]]. Oocyte selection occurs at the antral stage to form the preovulatory follicle.
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| {The spermatogenic epithelium is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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| |type="()"}
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| + true
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| - false
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| || Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) does stimulate the spermatogenic epithelium and luteinizing-hormone (LH) stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells.
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| {Gamete differentiation occurs while diploid
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| |type="()"}
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| + oocytes
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| - spermatozoa
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| ||Oocyte differentiation occurs while diploid (in first meiotic prophase), while spermatozoa differentiation occurs while haploid (after meiosis ends) in spermiogenesis.
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| {Which of the following is incorrect about the block to polyspermy
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| |type="()"}
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| - occurs after fertilization
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| + occurs when meiosis II is completed
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| - occurs initially when sperm and oocyte membranes fuse
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| - occurs when cortical granules are released
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| ||Meiosis II does completes at fertilization, but it has no role in blocking polyspermy.
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| {Which of the following statements about the blastocyst is most correct
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| |type="()"}
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| - the blastocyst forms from the 2 blastomere stage
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| - the blastocyst has a cavity lined with endoderm
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| - the blastocyst stage occurs after hatching from the zona pellucida
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| + the blastocyst has an embryoblast and trophoectoderm layer
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|
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| ||The blastocyst has an [[E#embryoblast|embryoblast]], also called an inner cell mass, and a [[T#trophoectoderm|trophoectoderm]] or trophoblast layer. The 2 blastomere stage develops into the morula and at the formation of the blastocoel is then the blastocyst. The cavity lined by endoderm is the yolk sac and occurs after the blastocyst stage. The blastocyst stage occurs both before and after after hatching from the zona pellucida.
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| {The process of implantation
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| |type="()"}
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| - is driven by the trophoblast layer
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| - occurs following adplantation
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| - can occur inside and outside the uterine body
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| - allows endocrine support of the corpus luteum
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| + all of the above
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| ||Yes, all the above relate to the process of implantation.
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| {The extraembryonic coelom refers too
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| |type="()"}
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| + amniotic cavity, yolk sac and chorionic cavity
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| - pericardial cavity, pleural cavity and peritoneal cavity
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| - blastocoel, somitocoel and lateral plate coelom
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| - maternal lacunae, uterine gland lumen, uterine body cavity
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| || The extraembryonic coelom is the cavity lying outside the embryo forming the amniotic cavity, yolk sac and chorionic cavity. The intraembryonic coelom is the space inside the embryo lateral plate mesoderm forming the pericardial cavity, pleural cavity and peritoneal cavity. The blastocoel is the cavity inside the blastocyst before embryo formation. The somitocoel is the cavity forming inside the early somite before cell proliferation fills the space. The lateral plate coelom is the horseshoe space forming in the embryonic disc that gives rise to the the pericardial cavity, pleural cavity and peritoneal cavity. The maternal lacunae is the blood-filled space formed by the implantation process. The uterine gland lumen and uterine body cavity have nothing to do with embryonic spaces.
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| {Which of the following statements is incorrect about the process of gastrulation
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| |type="()"}
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| - gives rise to the trilaminar embryo
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| - involves cell migration from the epiblast layer
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| + extends from the primitive node to the buccopharyngeal membrane
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| - occurs at the region known as the primitive streak
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| - generates endoderm and then mesoderm layers
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|
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|
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| {Ectoderm refers only to the neural plate region of the trilaminar embryo
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| |type="()"}
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| - true
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| + false
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| || The entire layer of the trilaminar embryo is the '''ectoderm''' (meaning outer layer), the neural plate is only the central portion of this layer.
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| </quiz>
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|
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| oocyte numbers development
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| follicles
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| sperm development
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| fertilization events
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| embryo cell division
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| implantation events/signaling
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| early embryo layers
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| early placenta
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| gastrulation/axial process
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