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The light and dark sides of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes

Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Jun 17;11(7):445-56. doi: 10.1038/nri3007.

Cheroutre H1, Lambolez F, Mucida D.

Abstract

The intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) that reside within the epithelium of the intestine form one of the main branches of the immune system. As IELs are located at this critical interface between the core of the body and the outside environment, they must balance protective immunity with an ability to safeguard the integrity of the epithelial barrier: failure to do so would compromise homeostasis of the organism. In this Review, we address how the unique development and functions of intestinal IELs allow them to achieve this balance.

PMID 21681197

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140792/

Anatomical basis of tolerance and immunity to intestinal antigens

Nat Rev Immunol. 2003 Apr;3(4):331-41.

Mowat AM1.

Abstract

The intestinal immune system has to discriminate between harmful and beneficial antigens. Although strong protective immunity is essential to prevent invasion by pathogens, equivalent responses against dietary proteins or commensal bacteria can lead to chronic disease. These responses are normally prevented by a complex interplay of regulatory mechanisms. This article reviews the unique aspects of the local microenvironment of the intestinal immune system and discuss how these promote the development of regulatory responses that ensure the maintenance of homeostasis in the gut.

PMID 12669023

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