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Lab 1 - Z3292017 Lab 2 - Z3292017

Lab 1 - Z3292017

Lab 1 Online Assessment

Question 1: Identify the origin of In Vitro Fertilization and the 2010 nobel prize winner associated with this technique:

The origin of IVF can be dated from the late 19th Century where embryo transplantation in rabbits was discovered by Walter Heape. The development of IVF was due to a cascade of events during the 20th century. Pincus and Enzmann from Harvard University suggested the possibility that mammalian eggs are able to develop normally in vitro in 1934. In 1948 Menken and Rock exposed 138 oocytes to spermatozoa in vitro. In 1959, Change was able to provide evidence for IVF by fertilising rabbit eggs with capicated sperm and thus achieve birth. From 1965 Robert Edwards attempted to fertilise human oocytes in vitro. In 1968 Edwards successfully fertilised a human egg using a human culture media he developed. Finally after years of research and failed attempts, the first test tube baby was born in 1978. Robert Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2010 due to his immense development and contribution of IVF.

References

1. http://www.ivf-worldwide.com/ivf-history.html
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation
3. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/

Question 2: Identify and add a PubMed reference link to a recent paper on fertilisation and describe its key findings:

Cleavage speed and implantation potential of early cleavage embryos in IVF or ICSI cycles by Lee, Lin and Hwu (July, 2012) attempted to determine the correlation of early embryo cleavage, its speed and the potential implantation rates for IVF. Their definition of early cleavage was embryonic mitosis occurring 25-27 hours after insemination. The embryos’ (day 3) cleavage speed was assessed and rated into 3 groups: rapid (more than 9 cells), normal (7-8 cells) and slow (less than 7 cells) along with their morphological quality being either good or poor. Normal fertilisation was determined by the presence of 2 nuclei and 2 polar bodies. 25-27 hours after IVF an early cleavage examination took place to determine which embryos had already cleaved. They embryos were then examined for their quality from 66-68 hours after IVF.

Early cleavage emrbyos developed normally in comparison to non early cleavage embryos. Notably, the early cleavage embryos produced a greater amount of “good quality” embryos and subsequently the implantation rate was sufficiently greater with early cleavage embryos. This finding is of great importance as embryo morphology is the most important tool to select the best embryo to transfer andthus increase the rates of implantation, pregnancy and live birth.

References

Lee MJ, Lee RK, Lin MH, Hwu YM Cleavage speed and implantation potential of early-cleavage embryos in IVF or ICSI cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2012 Jul 25 PMID: 22825967

Lab 2 - Z3292017

Lab 2 Online Assessment

Question 1: Image from journal source

Left-sided unruptured ampullary ectopic pregnancy at laparoscopy. A 32 year old woman presented with vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain and 6 weeks amenorrhea corresponding to the last menstrual period. Pelvic ultrasound revealed an irregular echogenic mass in the left adnexa. A left laparoscopic salpingectomy was performed. The patient was followed with weekly quantitative β-hCG titers until three successive β-hCG levels were negative. She was advised to avoid pregnancy for 6 months and was started on oral contraceptive pills.

References

Najoua Bousfiha, Sanaa Erarhay, Adnane Louba, Hanan Saadi, Chahrazad Bouchikhi, Abdelaziz Banani, Hind El Fatemi, Med Sekkal, and Afaf Laamarti Ectopic molar pregnancy: a case report. Pan Afr Med J. 2012; 11: 63

Received December 14, 2011; Accepted February 8, 2012.

Copyright © Najoua Bousfiha et al. The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Question 2: Identify a protein associated with the implantation process, including a brief description of the protein's role