Talk:Book - Embryology of the Pig

Contents

Preface to Third Edition vii

Preface TO First Edition ix

Acknowledgment xi

1. Foreword to the Student 1

2. The Reproductive Organs; Gametogenesis . ... 6

3. The Sexual Cycle; Fertilization 28

4. The Process of Cleavage and the Formation and

Early Differentiation of the Germ Layers . . 37

5. The Early Development of the Body Form and the

Establishment of the Organ Systems 60

6. The Extra-embryonic Membranes and the Relation OF THE Embryo to the Uterus 94

7. The Structure of Embryos from Nine to Twelve Millimeters in Length 107

8. The Development of the Nervous System 140

9. The Development of the Digestive and Respiratory

Systems and the Body Cavities 173

10. The Development of THE Urogenital System . . .197

1 1 . The Development of the Circulatory System . . 227

12. The Histogenesis of Bone and the Development

OF THE Skeletal System 271

13. The Development of the Face and Jaws and the

Teeth 293

Bibliography 317

Index 341

xiii

INDEX

To facilitate the use of this book in connection with otheis in which the terminology may differ somewhat, many synonyms which were not used in the text have been put into the index and cross-referenced to the alternative terms used in this book; for example, Wolffian body, a teim not used in this text, is frequently applied to the mesonephros. It appears m the index thus: Wolffian body (= mesonephros, q.v.).

Both figure and page references are given in the index. The figure references arc preceded by the letter /.

Abdominal pregnancy, 217 Abducens nerve, 169 Accessory nerve, 172 Acoustic ganglion, /92, 117, 169 Acoustico-facialis ganglion ( = early undifferentiated condition of ganglia of 7th and 8th cranial nerves), 169 Action system, 141

Adrenal, /1 00, /106, /1 27, /1 28, /1 38, 223 After-birth, 105 Alae of nose, 296 Alar plate of neural tube, 1 57 Allantois, circulation of, /45,/51, 99 formation of,/30,/37, 99 function of, 106 relations of,/49,/55, 103 Alveolar periosteum, 312 Ameloblasts,/179-183, 305, 310 Amnion, formation of,/25,/37,/50, 97 function ofi 96 relations of,/49, 97 Amniotes, 96 Amniotic folds, 97 Ampulla of ductus deferens, /3, 8 Anal plate ( = cloacal plate, q.v.) Anamniotes, 96 Angioblast, 87 footnote Animad pole, 37

Anterior intestinal portal, /37, 74 Anterior neuropore, /29, 71 Anus,/118,/132, 210, 225 Aorta, see arteries Aortic arches, sec arteries Aortic bulb, 256 Aortic chromaffin body, 223 Appendage buds, /3 1-34, 65, 109

Appendix, of epididymis, /1 24, 213 of testis, /1 24, 217 Appositional growth, 278 Aqueduct of Sylvius, 158 Archenteron, 43 Areola, 105

Arterial circle (of Willis), 131 Arteries, allantoic, /45,/51, 89, 132, 240 aorta, dorsal, /67, /1 33-1 37, 88, 131, 235, 240

aoita, ventral, /45, /1 33, 88, 235 aortic arches, /45, /1 33-1 37, 88, 129,

233

basilar, /66, /67, /133, /137, 131, 238 brarhio-cephalic,/133, 234 carotid, common, /1 33, /1 37, 234 carotid, external, /67, /1 33, /1 37, 130,

234

carotid, internal, /66, /133, /137, 130, 234, 238 caudal, 240

cervical, intersegmental,/66,/133,/l37, 130, 235

coeIiac,/67,/lll, 132, 240 ductus arteriosus /1 33, /ISO, 235, 262, 268

hypogastric, 240, 270 iliacs,/66, /150, 240 innominate, 234 internal mammary, 238 interscgmcntal,/67,/133, 130, 235 mesenteric, ant., /67, /1 11, 132, 238 mesenteric, post»,/lll, 238 omphalomesenteric, /45, 89, 131, 238 pulmonary, /67, /1 33-1 37, 130, 234, 267

341

342

INDEX

Arteries — {Continued)

renal, /1 27, /1 28, 240 speimatic, /1 27-1 30

subclavian, /67, /133-135, 131, 234, 235

umbilical (allantoic), /66, /1 50, 89, 132, 240

vertebral,/66,/67,/137, 131, 237 vitelline, /45, 89, 132 Arytenoid process of larynx, /1 38 Astrocytes, 150 Atresia of ovarian follicles, 20 Atrio-ventricular canal, 126, 256 Atrium, 126, 254

Auditory, ganglion, see acoustic nerve, 1 69 vesicle, /36,/61, 117, 169

Basal plate of neural tube,/91, 157 Belly-stalk, /49, 97 Bicornate uterus, 216 Bile duct, common, 185 Bladder (urinary), /118, /124, /125, /130, 209

Blastocoele, j\S, 41 Blastocyst, /1 7, 41

elongation of, /1 8, 45 riastodermic vesicle ( == blastocyst, q.v.) Blastodisc ( — embryonic disc, q.v.) Blastorneie, 38 Blastula, 41

Blood cells, formation of,/48,/152, 90, 251 Blood islands, /48, 89, 251 Blood vessels, formation of, /48, 87 see also arteries and veins Body axis, 60 Body cavity, see coelom Body folds, /38, 72 Body-stalk, sec belly-stalk Bone, cancellous, 272 cells, /1 51, /1 52, 275 compact, 272 endochondral, 272 histogenesis of, 271 intramembranous, 272 lacuna, 275 lamellae, /1 51, 275 marrow, /1 52, 251 matrix, /1 51, 273 trabeculae, /1 51, /1 53, 274 Bone, formation of,

compact from cancellous, 281

Bone — '{Continued)

endochondral, /1 55, 276 flat, /1 57, 282 '

intramem branous, /1 5 1 , /1 53, 272 long, /1 58, 283

primary cancellous, /1 51, /153, 272, 281

Bowman’s capsule, /1 16, 203 Brachial plexus, 116 Brain, formation of, /36, 69 neuromeric structure of, 69 regional differentiation of,/87, 1 S4 ventricles of, /88, 156, 160 3-vesicle stage, /36, 70 5-vesicle stage, /60, 110 Branchial arches (= gill arches, q.v.)

Bridge of nose, 296

Broad ligaments of uterus, 222

Bronchi, 189

Bulbo-urethral gland, /3, /1 24, 9, 213

Clalcification

of bone, 274 of teeth, 309

Calyces of renal pelvis, /1 19 Canal, atrio-ventncular, 126 Haversian, /1 56, 282 inguinal, /1 29, 222 of Gartner, 217 pleural,/! 10 pleuro- peritoneal, 195 semicircular, 169 Canalicuii, /152 Cancellous bone, /1 53, 276 Capsule, glomerular, /1 21, 203 of Bowman, /1 21 , 203 of cartilage cells, 278 Cardiac loop, /1 42, 125, 254 Cardinal vessels, see veins “Cartilage bone,” 272 Cartilage, erosion, /1 55, 280 formation, /1 54, 277 matrix, 278 Caval plica, /1 40, 245 Cecum, /102, 122, 182 Cementoblasts, /1 84 Cemcntum,/184, 312 Central canal of spinal cord,/86, 151 Centrum, see vertebrae Cephalic region, differentiation of, 61 mesoderm of, 1 91

INDEX

343

Cephalic region — (Continued) precocity of, 54 Cerebellar peduncles, 157 Cerebellum, /80,/87, 157 Cerebral aqueduct, 158 Cerebral cortex, 145, 162 Cerebral ganglia, see ganglia, cranial Cerebral hemispheres, /87, 162 Cerebral peduncles, /1 00, 158 Cerebro-spinal paths, 142 Cervical flexure, 66 Cervical sinus, /32, /1 69, 109 Cervix of uterus, 216 Choanae, of nose, 296 Chondrin, 278 Chondrogenesis, 276 Chondrogenctic layer, 278 Chorda dorsalis ( = notochord, q.v.)

Chorion, /55-57, 103 Chorionic vesicle, /54, 103 Chorionic villi, /57 Choroid fissure, of eye,/39, 117 Choroid plexus, anterior (of 3rd ventricle), /106, 158, 162

lateral (of 1st and 2nd ventricles), /1 00.

162

posterior (of 4th ventricle), /65, /99, /1 38, 156

Chromaffin tissue, 223 Chromosomes, sex, 23 species number of, 21 Circle of Willis, /1 33, 131 Circulation, changes in at birth, 268 early embryonic, /45,/51, 92 hepatic portal, 241 interpreta^tion of embryonic, 227 placental,/45,/51,/55, 93, 263 pulmonary, 262, 267 vitelline, /45, /1 41, 93, 249 Circulatory arcs, 92 Cleavage, /1 2, /1 3, /1 4, 37 Cleavage cavity, see blastococle aitoris,/132, 225 Cloaca, /65, /1 18, 120, 209 Cloacal plate (membrane), /37, 209 Cochlea, 169 Coelom, /1 09

abdominal, /1 11, 194 diflferentiation of, /1 08, 193 formation of,y20, f22,/108, 51, 120, 189 intra- and extra-embryonic, 52, 190

Coelom — (Continued)

partitioning of, /1 11-1 13, 194 pericardial, /26, /44, /1 09, /1 10, /111, 53, 87, 195 peritoneal, /1 10, 189 pleural,/! 11, /1 13, 194 thoracic, 194

Colliculi, inferior, suptTior (lobes of corpora quadngemma), /80, /87, 157, 167 Colon (large intestine), /1 02, 182 Columns of spinal cord, /8 6, 154 Commissural ganglion, /92, 172 Components of spinal nerve, 151 Concrescence, /20, 46 Coordinating centers, 145 Copula, /41 Cord, spinal, 71, 115

and reflexes, /80, 142 histogenesis of, /8 1-8 3, 147 white and grey matter of,/86, 151 Cord, umbilical, 250 Corona radiata, 18 Coronary sinus, sec veins Corpora quadrigemma, /87, 157 Corpus albicans, 27 Corpus hacmorrhagicurn, 26 Corpus luteum, formation of,/6, 24 in pregnancy, /1 0, 26 significance of, 33 Corpus striatum, 1 63

Cowper’s gland (= bulbo-urethral gland, q.v.)

Cranial flexure, 66

Cranial ganglia, see ganglia

Cranial nerves, see nerves

Crura cerebri (= cerebral peduncles, q.v.)

Cumulus oophorus, 19

Cutis plate, see dermatome

Cystic duct,/104,/105, 184

Decalcification, 274 Deciduous placenta, 103 Deitcr’s nucleus, /80, 144 Dental ledge, /1 75-1 80, 302 Dental papilla, 307 Dental sac, /1 82, 312 Dentinal fiber /1 83, 310 Dentine, /1 83, 307 Dermatome, /42, 81

Deutoplasm, effect of on cleavage, /1 2, 37 in pig ovum, 39

344

INDEX

Diaphragm, /1 00, /1 12, 194 Diaphragmatic ligament of mesonephros, /1 23, 218

Diaphysis, of long bone, 283 Dicnccphalon, /60, 110, 158 Diestrum, 29

Diocoele ( =« lumen of diencephalon) Dio-mesencephalic boundary, 110 Dio-telcncephalic boundary, 110 Diploe, of bone, 282 Diploid number of chromosomes, 22 Dorsal, aorta, see arteries flexure, 66

mesentery, /1 08, /1 11, 192 mesocardium,/43,/144, 87, 254 nerve roots, see nerves, spinal root ganglia, see ganglia, spinal Duct of, Cuvier ( = common cardinal vein, q.v.)

Santorini, 186 Wirsung, 186

Ductus, arteriosus, /1 33, /1 38, /1 50, 235, 262, 268

choledochus ( = common bile duct, q.v.) deferens, /3, /1 18, /1 24, 9, 213 endolymphaticus, 117 venosus, see veins Duodenum, /1 00, /1 02, 184

Ear, external, /33,/34, 62 internal, 62, 117, 169 middle, 118, 170 Ectoderm, 59, 98

derivatives of,/27 Efferent ductules, 213 Egg nests, 1 5

Ejaculatory duct, /3, /1 24, 9, 213 Embryonic disk, /1 6, /1 9, 45, 60 Enamel, /183, 310 Enamel organ, /1 79-1 82, 303 Enamel prisms, 311

Endocardial cushion of A-V. canal, /39, /147,/148, 126, 256 Endocardial cushion tissue, 256 Endocardial primordia,/43,/44, 85 Endocardium, 85 Endolymphatic duct, 117 Endothelium, origin of vascular, /48, 87 Entoderm, 59

derivatives of, /27 formation of, /1 6, 43

Eparterial bronchus, /1 07 Ep>endymal cells, 150 Ependymal layer of c^d,/81, 147 Epicardium, 85

Epididymis, /3, /1 24, /1 29, 213

Epi-myocardium,/43,/44, 85

Epiphyseal cartilage plates, 284

Epiphyseal ossification centers, 284

Epiphyses of long bones, /1 58, 284

Epiphysis, of diencephalon, /1 06, 110, 158

Epiploic foramen, 181

Epo6phoron,/125, 217

Equation division, 22

Erythroblasts, /1 52

Esophagus, /64,/72, 80, 119, 179

Estrus, 29

Estrus cycle, /9, 29

Eustachian tube, 118, 175

Evolution, 198, 229

Exocoelom, 52

Extra-embryonic coelom, see coelom Extra-embryonic membranes, /49, 94 Eye, 63, 116, 167

Face, development of, /1 68-1 72, 293 Facial nerve, /92, 169 Falciform ligament, /1 1 1 , 193 Fallopian tube (= uterine tube, q.v.) Fasciculi, see columns of spinal cord Fertilization, /1 1, 34 Flexion, 65, 107 Floor plate of neural tube, 156 Fetal membranes, see extra-embryonic membranes

Follicle, ovarian, /6,/7, 17 Foramen, ovale, 260, 267, 268 see also interatrial

Foramen of Monro, /88, /1 38, 160 Foramen of Winslow, 181 Fore-brain, see prosencephalon Fore-gut, /26,/37, 74 Fossa ovalis, 269

Fovea cardiaca (= ant. intestinal portal, q.v.)

Frontal lobe, 163

Frontal process, /1 68-1 72, 293

Froriep’s ganglion, /92, 172

Gall-bladder, /46, /103-105, /1 40, 80, 119, 184

Gametes, /8, 9, 12, 15

Gametogcnesis,/4-'8, 9, 12, 15 Ganglia, cranial, /92, 111, 164 (specific ganglia by name) spinal, /60,/85, 115, 151 sympathetic, /85, 151

Gasserian ganglion ( = semilunar ganglion of cranial nerve V, q.v.) Gastro-hepatic omentum, 194 Geniculate ganglion, /92, 169 Genital, eminence, 225 folds, 225 orifice, 226 ridge, see gonadial swellings, 225 tubercle, /1 22, 225 Genitalia, external, /1 32, 225 Germ cells, sec gametes Germ layers, derivatives of,/27

embryological importance of, 57 formation of. Chap. IV Germ plasm, history of,/4, 9 Germinal ridge, 211

Germinal sfX)t (~ nucleolus of ovum), 18 Germinal vesicle (= nucleus of ovum), 18

Gill arches, /31,/41, /1 68-172, 62, 108, 294

Gill clefts, 108, 118

Gill furrows, 118

Gingiva, 304

’glia fibers, 149

Glomerular capsule, 203

Glomerulus, /1 17, 203

Glossopharyngeal nerve, /94, 111, 170

Glottis, 188

Gonadial ridge, 211

Gonadotropic hormones, 33

Gonads, differentiation of, 12, 14

first appearance of,/106,/108, 211 migration of, /1 24, /1 25, 217, 218, 222 Graafian follicle (— ovarian follicle, q.v.) Granular zone of follicle ( ~ stratum granulosum, q.v.)

Gray matter of cord, 142, 151 Growth, appositional, 278 differential, 47 interstitial, 278 subperiosteal, 286

Gubernaculum,/124,/129,/131, 219 Gum, 303

Gut, delimitation of embryonic, 72 early differentiation of, 80

Gut — (Continued)

fore-, mid- and hind-,/37, 75 later changes in, 173-188 pre-oral and post-cloacal,/37, 76 primitive, /1 6, /22,/37, 43

Haploid number of chromosomes, 22 Haversian, canals, 282 lamellae, /1 56, 282 Head, differentiation of, 61 precocity of, 54

Head process (= notochord, q.v.)

Heart, changes in at birth, 268

course of blood through fetal, 263 establishment of,/43,/44, 84 loop formation, /1 42, 254 partitioning of, /1 45-1 50, 256 regional differentiation of, /1 42, 254 structure of at birth, /1 49, /1 50, 263 structure of in 10-mm. embryo, 125 Heat, period of, 29 Hensen’s node,/22,/23, 50 Hepatic diverticulum, /40, /1 03-1 05, 120, 184

Hepatic ducts, /1 03-105, 185

Hepatic portal circulation, /1 41, 241, 249

Hepatic sinusoids, 185, 250

Hepatic tubules, 185

Hind-brain ( = rhombencephalon, q.v.)

Hind-gut, /26,/37, 74

Holoblastic cleavage, 38

Homolecithal ( = isolecithal, q.v.)

Hormone, definition of, 26 gonadotropic, 33 of corpus luteum, 33 of ovarian follicle, 33 Hydatid, /125, 217 Hyoid arch,/168-170, 108 Hyomandibular cleft, /1 69, 108 Hyomandibular pouch, 117 Hypoglossal nerve, /92, 172 Hypophysis, /87, 118, 158

Infundibulum, /1 06, 110, 158 Inguinal, canal, /1 29, 222 hernia, 222

ligament, /1 23, /1 24, /1 25, 218, 222 ring, /1 30

Inhibitory control, 145 Inner cell mass, /1 5, 41 Insemination, 34

346

INDEX

Interatrial foramen, definitive ( = forainm ovale), /149,/1 50, 257, 264 primum,/147, 257 secundum, /145,/148, /1 49, 259 Interatrial septum, primum,/147“150, 257 secundum, /1 48-1 50, 259 Intermediate mesoderm, see mesoderm Interstitial growth, 278

Intersubcardinal anastomosis, /77, /1 30, 138, 245

Intel ventricular septum, /1 45-1 40, 126, 256 Intestines, coiling of, /1 02, 182 elongation of, 120

Intra-embryonic coelom, see coelom Intramembranous bone formation, /1 51, 272 Isolecithal ova, 37 Isthmus of enamel organ, /1 82

Jacobson’s organ, /1 78 Jaws, 293

Jugular ganglion, /92, 171

Kidney, sec metanephros

Labia, majora, minora, /1 32, 225 Labio-dental ledge (lamina), /1 76, 302 Labio-gingival lamina, /1 77, 304 Lacuna, of bone, 275 of cartilage, 278

Lamellae of bone, /1 52, /1 56, 275 Lamina terminalis,/65,/88 Laryngo-tracheal (tracheal) groove,/41 ,/69, 80, 118, 188 Larynx, J97, /1 06, 188

Lateral limiting sulci ( = body folds, lateral, q.v.)

Lateral mesoderm, see mesoderm Lateral plates of spinal cord, 1 56 Lateral telencephalic vesicles, /60, /87, 110, 160

Lens of eye,/41,/63, 117 Ligamentum, latum, see broad ligament teres, see round ligament Ligamentum venosus, 270 Limiting membranes of cord,/81, 147 Liver, /40, /1 03-1 05, 80, 119, 184 Loculus, 103 Lumbo-sacral flexure, 66 Lumbo*sacral plexus, /1 38 Lung buds,/40,/74,/107, 80, 118, 189 Lungs, formation of, /1 07, 189

Lungs “ {Continued)

growth oi,/113, 196 pleural covering off, 1 89 Lymphatic system, 250

Manunary glands, 110 Mandible, 203

Mandibular arch, /1 68-1 72, 62. 108, 294 Mantle layer of cord,/81, 147 Marginal layer of cord. /81, 148 Marrow canal, /1 58. 285 Marrow of bone, /1 52, 251 Marrow spaces, 276 Massa intermedia, 160 Maternal placenta, 103 Matrix, of bone, 272, 309 cartilage, 278 dentine, 309

Maturation of gametes, /8, 14, 20 Maxilla ( = maxillary bone), 294 Maxillary bones, 294 Maxillary process, /1 68-1 72, 294 Meckel’s cartilage, /1 75 Medulla, /87, 156

Medullary plate ( = neural plate, q v.) Medullary velum, sec metatcla Meiotic divisions, 21 ‘^Membrane bone,” 272 Meroblastic cleavage, 38 Mesencephalon, /36,/60,/87, 71, 110, 157 Mesenchyme (a collective term for wandering mesoderm cells), 81, 87, 181, 189, 191, 213, 271, 277, 307, 312 Mesenteries, /1 08, /1 1 1, 191 Mesoblast (= mesoderm, q.v ) Mesocardium, dorsal, /43, /1 44, 87, 254 Mesocoele ( == lumen of mesencephalon) Mesocolon, 194 Mesoderm, derivatives of,/27 differentiation of, 80 dot sal, /42, 54 early growth of,/20, 47 formation of, /1 9, 47 intermediate, /42, 54, 83, 202 intra- and extra-embryonic, 47 lateral, /42, 54, 83 of head, 191 (see also mesenchyme) somatic and splanchnic, /22, 83 somites of, /42, 54, 80 Meso-dicncephalic boundary, 110

INDEX

347

Mesogastrium, /111, 181, 194 Meso-mrtcnccphalic boundary, 1 1 1 Mesonephric ducts, /38, /1 14, /1 24, 83, 123, 198, 213

Mesonephric tubules, formation of, /38,

/ 115 ,/ 116 , 201

relation of blood vessels to, /1 17, 203 Mesonephros, fate of in female, /1 25, 217 fate of in male, /1 24, 213 formation of,/38-41, 84, 123, 201 relations to pronephros, 197 relative si/e at various ages, /1 18, 203 Mesothelium ( = epithelial layer of mesoderm lining the coelom)

Metacoele ( = lumen of metencephalon) Metamerism, 54, 63, 69, 116 Metanephric diverticulum, 205 Metanephric duct,/79, /1 18, /1 20, 203 Metanephric tubules, /121 , 206 Metanephros, J\ 20

formation of, /1 14, /1 18, 123, 205 relations to mesonephros, 1 97 Metatela ( — thin roof of 4th ventricle of brain), /1 06

Metencephalon, /60,/87, 110, 111, 157 Metestrum, 29

Mid-brain, see mesencephalon Mid-gut, /37, 74 Milk ridge, /33,/34, 110 Mitosis, significance of, 21 Monestrous cycle, 29 Morula, /1 4, 41 Motor paths of cord,/80, 154 Mouth (oral cavity), /1 68-1 74, 293 Mullerian ducts, /1 23, /1 24, /1 25, 214-217 Muscle plate, sed myotome Myelencephalic tela ( == thin roof of myclencephalon),/106

Myelencephalon,/60,/87, 110, 111, 156 Myeloblasts, /1 52

Myelocoele ( = lumen of myelencephalon) Myelo-metencephalic boundary, 111 Myocardium, 85 Myocoelc, /42, 81 Myotome, /42, 81, 301

Nares, 296

Nasal chambers, /93, 296, 301

Nasal choanae, 296

Nasal pit ( «= olfactory pit, q.v.)

Nasal processes, 294

Nasal septum, /1 74, 302 Naso-lacrimal, duct, 296 groove, /1 69, /1 70, 297 Nasolateral process, /1 68-1 72, 294 Nasomedial process, /1 68-1 72, 294 Naso-optic furrow ( = naso-lacrimal groove, q.v.)

Nephric organs of vertebrate, /1 14, 198 Nephric tubules, /1 14, 198 Nephrogenous cord,/38. 202, 205 Nephrogenous tissue of metanephros /60, /78, 123, 205 Nephrostome, 202

Nephrotomic plate ( = intermedian* mesoderm, q.v.)

Nerve, abducens. 111, 169

acoustic (auditory). 111, 169 chorda tympani, 169 cochlear, 169 facial, 111, 169

glossopharyngeal, /94, 111, 170 hypoglossal, 111, 172 mandibular, 167 maxillary, 167

motor component of mandibular division of trigeminal, /94 oculomotor, /93, 111, 167 olfactory, /9 3, 111, 165 ophthalmic division of trigemmal, 167 optic, 111, 165 phrenic, 116

spinal accessory, 111, 172 trigeminal, 111, 167 ti'ochlear, 111, 167 vagus, /94, 111, 171 vestibular, 169 Nerve fibers, 142 Nerves, 141

Nen^es, cranial, /91,/92, 111, 164-172 nuclei of, 165

Nerves, spinal, compionents of,/85, 151, 165 formation of, 151 roots of,/85, 115 Nerves, sympathetic, /85, 116 Neural arch, 286

Neural canal ( = lumen of neural tube) Neural crest, formation of, /35, 69 differentiation of, 115 Neural folds, /28, 56, 68 Neural groove, 57

closure of,/28,y29,/35, 68

348

INDEX

Neural plate, /26,/36, 56, 67 Neural tube,/35,/83, 67 Neuroblasts, /84, 148, 151 Neuroglia, /82, 149 Neuromeres,/41, 69, 111 Neuron arcs,/80, 141 Neurons, 140

functional classes of,/85, 141, 164 Neuropore, anterior, /29, 71

posterior (= sinus rhomboidalis, q.v.) Nipples, /34, no

Node, primitive ( = Hensen’s node, q.v.) Nodose ganglion, /92, 171 Non-deciduous placenta, 105 Notochord, formation of,/20,/22, 49 significance of, 50

Nuclei of origin of cranial nerves, 165 Nucleus, Deiter’s,/80, 144 red,/80, 144

Oblique vein of Marshall, see veins, oblique of left atrium Occipital bone, /1 66-1 67 Occipital lobe, 163 Oculomotor nerve, /9 3, 168 Odontoblasts, /1 80-1 83, 307, 309 Olfactory bulb, 162, 165 Olfactory nerve, /93, 167 Olfactory pits, /70, /1 68-1 72, 116, 165, 293, 296

Olfactory tract, 162, 165 Omental bursa, 181 Omentum, 194 Oficytes, 17, 20 Oogenesis, /6, 15 Odgonia, 15 Odtid, 20

Optic chiasma,/65, 159, 165 Optic cup, 117

Optic lobes (= superior colliculi), /80, 157 Optic nerve, 167 Optic stalk, /63, 117 Optic vesicle, /36,/41, 71, 110, 117 Opticoclc ( ~ lumen of primary optic vesicle)

Oral cavity, /1 68-1 74, 293 Oral plate, /40, 74, 173 Ossein fibers, 274

Ossification centers, /1 58, /1 63, /1 65-1 67, 283, 288

Osteoblasts, ^51, /152,/155, 273

Ostium primum ( — interatrial foramen primum, q.v.)

Ostium secundum = interatrial foramen secundum, q.v.)

Ostium tubae abdominale, 216 Ostium urogenitale,/! 18,/132, 210, 225 Otic vesicle (= auditory vesicle, q.v.) Otocyst (= auditory vesicle, q.v.)

“Outer table” (of bone), 282 Ovarian follicle, /7, 17 rupture of, 19

Ovary, early differentiation of, 14 formation of, 211 migration of, 225 relations of,/l,/2, 6 structure of, /6

Oviducts ( == uterine tubes, q.v.)

Ovigcrous cords (tubes), /6, 15 Ovulation, /9, 1 9 Ovum, discharge of, 19 fertilization of, /ll, 34 maturation of,/8, 20 yolk, distribution in, 37

Palatal shelves, 301 Palate, /1 74, 301 Pallium, 162

Pancreas,/76,/103-105, 80, 119, 185

Pancreatic ducts, 186

Papillary muscles, /1 49, 263

Paradidymis, /1 24, 213

Paraganglionic chromaffin bodies, 223

Parathyroids, /98, 178

Parietal lobe, 163

Paroophoron, /1 25

Pelvic cavity of kidney, 205

Pelvis of kidney, /1 1 9

Penis, /1 32, 225

Pericardial coelom, see coelom

Perichondrium, /1 54, 278

Periosteal bud, /1 55, 280

Periosteum, /1 55, 280, 286

Peritoneal coelom, see coelom

Peritoneum, 218

Petrosal ganglion, /92, 170

Phallus (= genital tubercle), /99, /1 32, 225

Pharyngeal derivatives, /96, 173

Pharyngeal ]X)uches,/41,/62,/95, 117, 173

Pharynx, /38,/40,/60,/98, 80, 118, 173

Pigmented layer of retina, 117

Pineal gland, sec epiphysis

INDEX

349

Pituitary gland, see hypophysis Placenta, /55~57, 103 Pleura, 189 Pleural canal, /1 10 Pleural coelom, see coelom Pleuro-pcricardial fold, /1 1 3, /1 6 1 , 195 Pleuro-peritoneal canals, 195 Pleuro-peritoneal fold, /1 1 0, /1 1 1 , /1 60, 195 Pocket, Rathke’s, /40,/65, /95, /106, 118, 158

Seessel’s,/40,/65,/95, 118 Polar bodies, /4, 20 Polyestrous cycle, 30 Pons,/87, 157

Post-anal gut ( = post-cloacal gut, q v.) Post-branchial bodies, /96, 178 Post-cardinal (contraction of posterior cardinal vein, q.v.)

Post-cloacal gut,/37, 76, 120 Posterior intestinal jxjrtal, /37, 74 Postestrum, 29

Postnatal changes in circulation, 268 Pregnancy, duration of in pig, /34 legend Premaxillary, bones, 295 process, /1 74 Pre-oral gut,/37, 76, 118 Prepuce, 225

Pre vertebral sympathetic chain, 1 1 6 Primary follicle, /6, 17 Primitive groove, /22, 47 Primitive gut, origin of,/16,/21,/22, 43 differentiation of,/26,/37, 72 Primitive knot or node (= Hensen’s node, q.v.)

Primitive streak, as a growth center, 47, 54 fate of, 61 I

formation of,/20,/23--25, 45 location of,/20,/23~25,/28, 61 Processus vaginalis (= lumen of scrotal pouch), /1 31

Proctodaeum,/37,/65, 74, 120, 209 Proestrum, 29 Progesterone, 33 Pronephric duct, /1 14, 198 Pronephric tubules,/! 15, 198, 199 Pronephros,/114,/118, 122, 198, 199 Pronuclei, 36

Prosencephalon, /36, 71, 110 Prosocoelc ( « lumen of prosencephalon) Prostate gland, /3, /1 24, 213 Prostatic sinus, 217

Pulp, of enamel organ ( =* stellate reticulum, q.v.)

of tooth, /1 80-1 82, 307 Pyriform lobe, 162

Ramus, communicans,/85, 116 dorsalis, /85, 116 ventralis,/85, 116 Raphe, scrotal, /1 32, 225 Rathke’s pocket,/40,/65,/95,/106, 118, 158 Recapitulation, 174, 230 Recessus opticus, /65, 110 Rectum, 209

Reduction division of gametes, /8, 22 Reflexes, /80, 142 Retina, 117

Rhinencephalon, 162, 165 Rhombencephalon, /36, 71, 110, 111 Rhomboidal sinus, /28, 71 Rib, /1 60-1 67, 288, 292 Rickets, 274

Roof plate of neural tube, 1 56 Roots, of spinal nerve, /85, 151 of teeth, 312

Round ligament, of liver, 270 of ovary, /1 25, 222 of uterus, /1 25, 223 Rutting season, 29

Saccus vaginalis, see scrotal pouch Sacral plexus, 116 Sclerotomes, /42, /1 59, 81, 287 Scrotal p>ouches, 219, 225 Scrotum, /1 3 1 , /1 32 SeessePs pocket,/40,/65,/95, 118 Segmentation, 37 Segmentation cavity, 41 Segments, primitive, see somites Semen, 9

Semicircular canals, 169 Semilunar ganglion, /92, 169 Seminal vesicles, /3, 8, 213 Seminiferous tubules, /3,/5, 13 Semiplacenta, 103 Sense organs, 116 Sensory paths of cord, /80, 153 Septum, interatrial, 257, 258

interventricular, /1 45-1 49, 126, 256 nasal, 302

primum,/147-150, 257 secundum, /1 48-1 50, 259

INDEX

350

vSeptum — {Continued) spurium,/148, 263 transversum,/59,/lll, 122, 194 Serosa, 97 Sertoli cells, 14 Sex cells, primordial, 10 Sex determination, 23 Sexual ducts of, adult male, /3, 7 female embryo, 214 male embryo, 213 Sexually indifferent stage, 211 Sheath, myelin, 154 Sinus, cervical, /32, /1 69, 109 coronary, see veins prostatic, 217 rhomboidalis,/28, 71 urogenital, 209

venosus,/46,/144, 126, 254, 257, 263 Sinusoids, of liver, 185, 250 Skeleton, progress of ossification in, /165167, 288, 292

Somatic afferent nerve fibers, /85, 152 Somatic efferent nerve fibers, /85, 1 53 Somatic mesoderm, see mesoderm Somatopleure, /22, 52 Somites, differentiation of,/42, 80 first appearance of,/25, 54 Spacing of embryos in uterus, 102 Species number of chromosomes, 21 Spermatid, 14 Spermatocyte, 14 Spermatogenesis, /5, 12 Spermatogonia, 13 Spermatozoa (spermia), 13, 14 Spinal accessory nerve, see accessory nerve Spinal cord, see cord Spinal ganglia, see ganglia Spinal nerves, see nerves Spinous process, 288 Spiral ganglion, 169 Splanchnic mesoderm, see mesoderm Splanchnopleure,/22, 52 Spleen, /lOl, 238 Spongioblasts, 148 Stellate reticulum, /1 81, 305 Stomach, formation of, /37, 80, 119 rotation of , /1 0 1 , 181 Stomodaeal depression, /9 5 Stomodaeal membrane (plate), 173, 293 Stomodaeum, /37, 74, 293 Straight collecting tubules of kidney,/! 1 9, 205

Stratum granulosum,/7, 18 Sub-cardial sinus, see veins Sub-caudal fold, 74 ^

Sub-cephalic fold, 74 Subperiosteal lamellae, /1 57 Sulcus limitans, 1 57 Sulcus rhinalis, 1 62

Superior ganglion (of 9th cranial nerve), /92, 170

Suprarenal (adrenal), /1 00, /1 06, /1 27, /1 28, 223

Supra-segmental system, 144 Supratonsillar fossae, 177 Sylvian aqueduct, 158 Sympathetic ganglia, see ganglia Sympathetic nerve cord, 116 Sympathetic nerve roots, see ramus coinmunicans Synapses, 140

Teeth, attachment in jaw, 312 eruption of, /1 85, 312 formation of, /1 75-1 83, 302 growth lines in, /1 84 primordia of permanent,/! 80, /1 85, 304, 313

relations of in jaw, /1 84 replacement of, /1 86, 313 Tela choroidea ( = thin roof of 3rd and 4th brain ventricles), /1 00 Telencephalon, formation of, 110 lateral vesicles of,/60,/87, 110 later development of,/80,/87, 160 median, 110

Telocoele ( = lumen of telencephalon) Telo-dienccphalic boundary, 110 Telolecithal ova, /1 2, 37 Temporal lobe, 163 Tendinous cords, /1 49, 263 Testis, appendix of, /1 24, 217 descent of, /1 27-1 31, 217 early differentiation of, 12 formation of, 211 relations of,/3, 7 structure of,/3,/5 Thalamus, /80, /1 00, 160 Theca of ovarian follicle,/?, 19 Thymus, /94,/96,/97,/98, 178 Thyroid, /95,/96,/97,/98, 178 Tomes’ processes (fibers), /1 83, 310 Tongue, /1 73, 295

INDEX

351

Tonsils, 177 Torsion, 66

Trabeculae of bone, /1 51, 274 Trabeculae carneae,/145,/146, 126, 256 Trachea, /64,/73,/99, 118, 188 Tracheal (laryngo-tracheal) groove, 80, 118, 188

Transverse prcx'css, /1 63, 290 Trigeminal nerve, 168 Trochlear nerve, 168 Trophectoderm, 98, 103 Trophoblast, /1 5, 42, 97 Trophoderm, 98, 106 True placenta, 105 Truncus arteriosus, 126, 256, 261 Tuberculum irnpar, 297 Fuberculum posterious,/65, 110 Tubules, hepatic, 184

renal, see metanephne seminiferous, /3,/5, 8, 12, 213 Tunica vaginalis, /1 31 , 222 Tympanic cavity, 175

Ultimobranchial body (— postbranchial body, q.v.)

Umbilical cord, 250 Ureter, 205

Urethra, /118,/124,/125, 211, 226 Urethral groove, 225 Urinary bladder, /1 22, /1 24, 210 Uriniferous tubules, see metanephne tubules Urogenital sinus, /1 22, 209 Urorectal fold, /1 22, 209, 225 Uterine mucosa, 106 Uterine tube, 216 Uterus, dimensions of,/2 formation of, 215 position in body, /I, 6 spacing of embryos in,/52,/53, 102 types of, /1 26

Utriculus masculinus (= vagina masculina, q.v.)

Vagina, 7, 215, 226 masculina, 217 Vagus nerve, /94, 111, 171 Valves, aortic, 263

atrio-ventricular, 263 mitral, /1 49

Valves, pulmonary, 263 tricuspid, /1 49

Valvulac venosac,/46,/72,/145,/148, 126, 263

Vas deferens ( = ductus deferens, q.v.) Vegetative pole, 37 veins, allantoic, /45, 92 azygos, /1 39, 247 capitis, /66, 133

cardinal, anterior, /47, /66, /1 39, 88, 133, 244

cardinal, common, /47, /66, /68, /1 39, 89, 244

cardinal, posterior, /47, /66, /68, /1 39, 88, 134, 245

cava, anterior, /1 39, 244

cava, posterior, /66,/68, /1 39, 138, 245

cervico-thoracic,/139, 244

common revehent hepatic, /39

coronary sinus, /1 39, 247

ductus vcnosus,/66,/68,/140,/141, 250

hepatic, /1 41 , 250

iliac,/139

innominate, /1 39, 244 jugular, int. and ext, /1 39, 134, 244 mesonephric, transverse, /66,/139 mesonephric, ventral. /'66,/139. 135 oblique of left atrium, /1 44 omphalomesenteric, /45, /1 41, 89, 138, 249, 250

portal, /66, /1 41, 139, 249 pulmonary, /1 07, /1 50, 249 renal, /1 39

subcardinal, /66,/68, /1 39, 134, 245 subcardinal sinus, 138, 245 subclavian, /68, /1 39, 244 supracardinal, /1 39, 247 suprarenal, /1 39

umbilical (allantoic), /66,/68, /1 41, 139, 249, 270 vitelline, /45, 89 velum transversum, 110 V^entral ligament of liver ( ~ falciform ligament, q.v.)

VentrEil mesentery, /1 08, 193 Ventral pancreatic bud, /1 03-105, 185 Ventral roots, see nerves, spinal Ventricles, see heart, brain Vertebrae, blastemal stage of, /1 60, 288 cartilage stage of, /1 62, 288 centrum of, 286 formation of, /1 59-1 64, 286 ossification centers in, /1 63, 288 Vestibular ganglion, 169 Vestibule, /1 18, 226

352

INDEX

Viscera, position in adult, /I Visceral afferent nerve fibers, /85, 153 Visceral arches ( =* gill arches, q.v.)

Visceral efferent nerve fibers, /85, 153 Visceral pouches (=* pharyngeal pouches, q.v.)

Vitamin D, 274

Vitelline circulation, see circulation Vitelline membrane,/?, 18 Voluntary control, /80, 145

White matter of cord, 142, 151 Wolffian body ( = mesonephros, q.v.) Wolffian duct ( = mesonephric duct, q.v.)

X-chromosomc,/8, 23

t

Y-chromosome,/8, 23 Yolk, effect of on cleavage, 37 Yolk-sac, circulation of,/45, 93, 249 fate of, 96, 120 formation of,/26,/37, 74 function of, 96 relations of,/49,/64,/65, 94 Yolk-stalk, /64, 74, 120

Zona pellucida,/7,/14, 18, 41 Zona radiata, 18 footnote