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From Embryology

Preface Acknowledgments

Part 1. Principles of development in biology

Chapter 1. Developmental biology: The anatomical tradition The Questions of Developmental Biology Anatomical Approaches to Developmental Biology Comparative Embryology Evolutionary Embryology Medical Embryology and Teratology Mathematical Modeling of Development Principles of Development: Developmental Anatomy References

Chapter 2. Life cycles and the evolution of developmental patterns The Circle of Life: The Stages of Animal Development The Frog Life Cycle The Evolution of Developmental Patterns in Unicellular Protists Multicellularity: The Evolution of Differentiation Developmental Patterns among the Metazoa Principles of Development: Life Cycles and Developmental Patterns References

Chapter 3. Principles of experimental embryology Environmental Developmental Biology The Developmental Mechanics of Cell Specification Morphogenesis and Cell Adhesion Principles of Development: Experimental Embryology References

Chapter 4. Genes and development: Techniques and ethical issues The Embryological Origins of the Gene Theory Evidence for Genomic Equivalence Differential Gene Expression RNA Localization Techniques Determining the Function of Genes during Development Identifying the Genes for Human Developmental Anomalies Principles of Development: Genes and Development References

Chapter 5. The genetic core of development: Differential gene expression Differential Gene Transcription Methylation Pattern and the Control of Transcription Transcriptional Regulation of an Entire Chromosome: Dosage Compensation Differential RNA Processing Control of Gene Expression at the Level of Translation Epilogue: Posttranslational Gene Regulation Principles of Development: Developmental Genetics References

Chapter 6. Cell-cell communication in development Induction and Competence Paracrine Factors Cell Surface Receptors and Their Signal Transduction Pathways The Cell Death Pathways Juxtacrine Signaling Cross-Talk between Pathways Coda Principles of Development:Cell-Cell Communication References


Part 2. Early embryonic development

Chapter 7. Fertilization: Beginning a new organism

Chapter 8. Early development in selected invertebrates An Introduction to Early Developmental Processes The Early Development of Sea Urchins The Early Development of Snails Early Development in Tunicates Early Development of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans References

Chapter 9. The genetics of axis specification in Drosophila Early Drosophila Development The Origins of Anterior-Posterior Polarity The Generation of Dorsal-Ventral Polarity References

Chapter 10. Early development and axis formation in amphibians Early Amphibian Development Axis Formation in Amphibians: The Phenomenon of the Organizer References

Chapter 11. The early development of vertebrates: Fish, birds, and mammals Early Development in Fish Early Development in Birds Early Mammalian Development References Part 3. Later embryonic development

Chapter 12. The central nervous system and the epidermis Formation of the Neural Tube Differentiation of the Neural Tube Tissue Architecture of the Central Nervous System Neuronal Types Development of the Vertebrate Eye The Epidermis and the Origin of Cutaneous Structures Snapshot Summary: Central Nervous System and Epidermis References

Chapter 13. Neural crest cells and axonal specificity The Neural Crest Neuronal Specification and Axonal Specificity References

Chapter 14. Paraxial and intermediate mesoderm Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives Myogenesis: The Development of Muscle Osteogenesis: The Development of Bones Intermediate Mesoderm Snapshot Summary: Paraxial and Intermediate Mesoderm References

Chapter 15. Lateral plate mesoderm and endoderm Lateral Plate Mesoderm Endoderm References

Chapter 16. Development of the tetrapod limb Formation of the Limb Bud Generating the Proximal-Distal Axis of the Limb Specification of the Anterior-Posterior Limb Axis The Generation of the Dorsal-Ventral Axis Coordination among the Three Axes Cell Death and the Formation of Digits and Joints Snapshot Summary: The Tetrapod Limb References

Chapter 17. Sex determination Chromosomal Sex Determination in Mammals Chromosomal Sex Determination in Drosophila Environmental Sex Determination Snapshot Summary: Sex Determination References

Chapter 18. Metamorphosis, regeneration, and aging Metamorphosis: The Hormonal Reactivation of Development Regeneration Aging: The Biology of Senescence References

Chapter 19. The saga of the germ line Germ Plasm and the Determination of the Primordial Germ Cells Germ Cell Migration Meiosis Spermatogenesis Oogenesis Snapshot Summary: The Germ Line References Part 4. Ramifications of developmental biology

Chapter 20. An overview of plant development Plant Life Cycles Gamete Production in Angiosperms Pollination Fertilization Embryonic Development Dormancy Germination Vegetative Growth The Vegetative-to-Reproductive Transition Senescence Snapshot Summary: Plant Development References

Chapter 21. Environmental regulation of animal development Environmental Regulation of Normal Development Environmental Disruption of Normal Development References

Chapter 22. Developmental mechanisms of evolutionary change “Unity of Type” and “Conditions of Existence” Hox Genes: Descent with Modification Homologous Pathways of Development Modularity: The Prerequisite for Evolution through Development Developmental Correlation Developmental Constraints A New Evolutionary Synthesis Snapshot Summary: Evolutionary Developmental Biology References Appendix