File:Paternal chromatin mouse embryos.jpg

Distribution of paternal chromatin in early mouse embryos

BrdU-treated male mice were mated with untreated females and the resulting embryos stained with FITC-conjugated anti-BrdU antibody (green). Nuclei and chromosomes were counterstained with DAPI (blue). a, Highly condensed sperm nucleus and fertilized egg (3). Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of embryos analyzed. b, Male and female pronuclei at 10 h after fertilization (20). The somewhat larger male pronucleus shows a nearly uniform BrdU staining, indicating that the entire sperm DNA is substituted with BrdU. c, After nuclear envelope breakdown the two chromosome sets form a single diploid nucleus (2). d, First metaphase at 20 h after fertilization (5). e, Two-cell embryo during G1 phase at 22 h (>10). The second polar body remains completely BrdU negative. f, Two-cell embryo during G2 phase at 32 h (>10). The male chromatin occupies approximately half of the nuclear volume. g, Four-cell embryo and second polar body at 45 h after fertilization (10). At this point, only half of the paternal chromosomes are still labeled with BrdU. h, 32-cell embryo at 78 h (>5). The one or two BrdU-positive sperm DNA strands per nucleus are consistent with random strand-segregation mechanisms. Bars, 10 μm.

Reference Mayer W, Smith A, Fundele R & Haaf T. (2000). Spatial separation of parental genomes in preimplantation mouse embryos. J. Cell Biol. , 148, 629-34. PMID: 10684246

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