User:Z3284061

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Lab 4 Online Assessment

1. The allantois, identified in the placental cord, is continuous with what anatomical structure?
2. Identify the 3 vascular shunts, and their location, in the embryonic circulation.
3. Identify the Group project sub-section that you will be researching. (Add to project page and your individual assessment page)

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Lab Attendance

--z3284061 20:36, 28 July 2011 (EST)

--z3284061 11:50, 4 August 2011 (EST)

Individual Assessment

Lab 1

1. Identify the origin of In Vitro Fertilization and the 2010 nobel prize winner associated with this technique.

The origin of in Vitro Fertilization was firstly successful on 1978 with the born of world’s first test tube baby. The credit goes to the British scientist Robert Edwards who dedicated his research on the biology of fertilization during 1950s. He was finally awarded with the noble prize in 2010, for the development of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. Noble Prize winner 2010

2. Identify a recent paper on fertilization and describe its key findings.

This journal refers to the novel role for the rapid, fertilization-initiated calcium wave that triggers cell-cycle oscillations. Moreover, the oscillations of cell division of the embryo development could lead to a chaotic threat towards the formation of embryo.The outcome of this paper indicates a designed principle whereby the fast calcium-wave trigger following embryo fertilization harmonize cell divisions.

3. Identify 2 congenital anomalies.

• Patau syndrome: also called trisomy 13, is a congenital (present at birth) disorder associated with the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 13. This extra chromosome may lead to mental and physical abnormalities especially heart defects.

• Harelip: "a congenitally deformed lip, usually the upper one, in which there is a vertical fissure causing it to resemble the cleft lip of a hare."

Lab 2

1. Identify the ZP protein that spermatozoa binds and how is this changed (altered) after fertilisation.

The Zona Pellucida protein which is responsible for specific sperm binding is known as Zona pellucida glycoprotein (ZP3). This protein is also thought to be an inducing factor to the acrosome reaction- by which the plasma membrane of sperm fuses with the membrane surrounding the acrosome. The reaction of the acrosome would involve the release or exocytosis of acrosome contents. When the membrane fusion occurs between the egg and sperm, the nuclei of sperm will pass towards the egg cytoplasm. Next, when Fertilization happens, the fusion of both nuclei ( sperm and egg) would case membrane depolarization in which penetration of other sperms (polyspermy) is prevented. Additionally, Cortical reaction is thought to play a vital role in preventing polyspermy by the release of cortical granules and removal of carbohydrate of ZP3. Consequently, ZP3 is altered and the binding of another sperm membrane will no longer occur.

2. Identify a review and a research article related to your group topic. (Paste on both group discussion page with signature and on your own page)