Zygote: Difference between revisions
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The first diploid cell that forms following [[fertilization]] by fusion of the haploid [[oocyte]] (egg) and [[spermatozoa]] (sperm) resulting in the combination of their separate genomes. The first image shows the cell with the 2 pronuclei still present before fusion enclosed within the zona pellucida. In humans, this cell then undergoes a series of mitotic cell divisions, still enclosed within the zona pellucida, during the first few days of development to form 2 blastomeres then a solid cell mass called the [[morula]]. | The first diploid cell that forms following [[fertilization]] by fusion of the haploid [[oocyte]] (egg) and [[spermatozoa]] (sperm) resulting in the combination of their separate genomes. The first image shows the cell with the 2 pronuclei still present before fusion enclosed within the zona pellucida. In humans, this cell then undergoes a series of mitotic cell divisions, still enclosed within the zona pellucida, during the first few days of development to form 2 blastomeres then a solid cell mass called the [[morula]]. | ||
:'''Zygote Links:''' [[Fertilization]] | [[Week 1]] | [[Morula]] | [[Blastocyst]] | [[Assisted Reproductive Technology|ART]] | [[Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer|SCNT]] | [[:Category:Zygote|Category:Zygote]] | |||
:'''Zygote Links:''' [[Fertilization]] | [[Week 1]] | [[Carnegie stage 1]] | [[Morula]] | [[Blastocyst]] | [[Assisted Reproductive Technology|ART]] | [[Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer|SCNT]] | [[:Category:Zygote|Category:Zygote]] | |||
== Some Recent Findings == | == Some Recent Findings == | ||
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* '''cyclic AMP in the maturation of Ciona intestinalis oocytes'''<ref><pubmed>20810008</pubmed></ref>"Immature oocytes are arrested at prophase I of the meiotic process and maturation onset is indicated by oocyte nuclear disassembly (germinal vesicle breakdown or GVBD). Signaling pathways that elevate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) may either prevent or induce oocyte maturation depending on the species. " | * '''cyclic AMP in the maturation of Ciona intestinalis oocytes'''<ref><pubmed>20810008</pubmed></ref>"Immature oocytes are arrested at prophase I of the meiotic process and maturation onset is indicated by oocyte nuclear disassembly (germinal vesicle breakdown or GVBD). Signaling pathways that elevate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) may either prevent or induce oocyte maturation depending on the species. " | ||
* '''Number of blastomeres and distribution of microvilli in cloned mouse embryos during compaction'''<ref><pubmed>20735894</pubmed></ref> "We concluded that: (i) the cleavage of blastomeres in cloned embryos was slow at least before compaction; (ii) the distribution of microvilli in cloned, normal, parthenogenetic, and tetraploid embryos was coherent before and after compaction; and (iii) the initiation of compaction in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos was delayed compared with that of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos." | * '''Number of blastomeres and distribution of microvilli in cloned mouse embryos during compaction'''<ref><pubmed>20735894</pubmed></ref> "We concluded that: (i) the cleavage of blastomeres in cloned embryos was slow at least before compaction; (ii) the distribution of microvilli in cloned, normal, parthenogenetic, and tetraploid embryos was coherent before and after compaction; and (iii) the initiation of compaction in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos was delayed compared with that of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) embryos." | ||
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Revision as of 16:15, 7 May 2013
Introduction
The first diploid cell that forms following fertilization by fusion of the haploid oocyte (egg) and spermatozoa (sperm) resulting in the combination of their separate genomes. The first image shows the cell with the 2 pronuclei still present before fusion enclosed within the zona pellucida. In humans, this cell then undergoes a series of mitotic cell divisions, still enclosed within the zona pellucida, during the first few days of development to form 2 blastomeres then a solid cell mass called the morula.
- Zygote Links: Fertilization | Week 1 | Carnegie stage 1 | Morula | Blastocyst | ART | SCNT | Category:Zygote
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Zygote <pubmed limit=5>Zygote</pubmed> |
Human Zygote Size
Parental Pronuclei
Parental Genomes
Animation based upon individual images of mouse maternal and paternal genomes.
Mouse Genome |
Quicktime | Flash |
Mouse zygote pronuclei[4]
Nucleolar-Precursor Bodies
Most ribosomal DNA located around the Nucleolar-Precursor Bodies (NPBs), with some associated with pericentromeric filaments (extending from the NPBs towards the nuclear periphery) as well as rDNA signals joining two NPBs.[5]
Formation of Zygote
- male and female pronuclei, 2 nuclei approach each other and nuclear membranes break down
- DNA replicates, first mitotic division
- sperm contributes centriole which organizes mitotic spindle
Movie - Pronuclear Fusion | Movie - Parental Genomes
Conceptus - term refers to all material derived from this fertilized zygote and includes both the embryo and the non-embryonic tissues (placenta, fetal membranes).
Zygote Protein Expression
The table above shows the pattern of protein expression (as percentages of total) in the mouse zygote according to 14 molecular function categories.[6]
- Links: Germinal vesicle oocyte protein expression | MII oocyte protein expression | Zygote Protein Expression | Mouse Development | Oocyte Development | Zygote
Male Pronucleus Reprogramming
Mouse zygote paternal genome reprogramming[4]
Mouse zygotes male pronucleus contains 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) thought to be formed by enzymatic oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC).
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Mouse zygote mitosis[4]
References
Journals
- Zygote An international journal dedicated to the rapid publication of original research in early embryology, Zygote covers interdisciplinary studies in animals and humans, from gametogenesis through fertilization to gastrulation.
Reviews
Articles
Search Pubmed
June 2010 "zygote" All (6213) Review (651) Free Full Text (1543)
Search Pubmed: zygote
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 19) Embryology Zygote. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Zygote
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G