Zebrafish Development: Difference between revisions
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* '''A crystal-clear zebrafish for in vivo imaging'''<ref name="PMID27381182"><pubmed>27381182</pubmed></ref>"Here we present crystal, an optically clear zebrafish mutant obtained by combining different viable mutations affecting skin pigmentation. Compared to the previously described combinatorial mutant casper, the crystal mutant lacks pigmentation also in the retinal pigment epithelium, therefore enabling optical access to the eyes. Unlike PTU-treated animals, crystal larvae are able to perform visually guided behaviours, such as the optomotor response, as efficiently as wild type larvae. To validate the in vivo application of crystal larvae, we performed whole-brain light-sheet imaging and two-photon calcium imaging of neural activity in the retina." | |||
* '''Construction of a vertebrate embryo from two opposing morphogen gradients'''<ref name="PMID24700857"><pubmed>24700857</pubmed></ref> "Here, we show that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo." [[Developmental_Signals_-_Bone_Morphogenetic_Protein|BMP]] | * '''Construction of a vertebrate embryo from two opposing morphogen gradients'''<ref name="PMID24700857"><pubmed>24700857</pubmed></ref> "Here, we show that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo." [[Developmental_Signals_-_Bone_Morphogenetic_Protein|BMP]] | ||
* '''FishFace: interactive atlas of zebrafish craniofacial development at cellular resolution'''<ref name="PMID23714426"><pubmed>23714426</pubmed></ref> "We present the [https://www.facebase.org/fishface/home Fish Face Atlas], an online, 3D-interactive atlas of craniofacial development in the zebrafish Danio rerio. Alizarin red-stained skulls scanned by fluorescent optical projection tomography and segmented into individual elements provide a resource for understanding the 3D structure of the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton." See also [[#Online Atlases|Online Zebrafish Atlases]] | * '''FishFace: interactive atlas of zebrafish craniofacial development at cellular resolution'''<ref name="PMID23714426"><pubmed>23714426</pubmed></ref> "We present the [https://www.facebase.org/fishface/home Fish Face Atlas], an online, 3D-interactive atlas of craniofacial development in the zebrafish Danio rerio. Alizarin red-stained skulls scanned by fluorescent optical projection tomography and segmented into individual elements provide a resource for understanding the 3D structure of the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton." See also [[#Online Atlases|Online Zebrafish Atlases]] | ||
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! More recent papers | ! More recent papers | ||
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| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}} | | [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}} | ||
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<pubmed limit=5>Zebrafish Embryology</pubmed> | <pubmed limit=5>Zebrafish Embryology</pubmed> | ||
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==Movies== | |||
{| | |||
| Movie of an immobilized zebrafish embryo development from the 1-cell stage to 85 hours post fertilisation (hpf).<ref><pubmed>26244658</pubmed>| [http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134005 PLoS One.]</ref> | |||
<html5media height="300" width="948">File:zebrafish movie01.mp4</html5media> | |||
|- | |||
| valign="bottom"|{{Zebrafish movie}} | |||
|} | |||
[[File:Zebrafish-heart-01.jpg|link=Movie - Zebrafish Heart]] | |||
==Timeline and Stages of Embryonic Development== | ==Timeline and Stages of Embryonic Development== | ||
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| 10.33 - 24 hrs ||'''[[Segmentation Period]]''' ||[[File:Segmentation .png|The Segmentation Period. Photo supplied by Judy Cebra-Thomas]] | | 10.33 - 24 hrs ||'''[[Segmentation Period]]''' ||[[File:Segmentation .png|The Segmentation Period. Photo supplied by Judy Cebra-Thomas]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 24 - 48 hrs || '''[[Pharyngula Period]]''' || [[File:Pharyngula.png|The Pharyngula Period. Photo supplied by Judy Cebra-Thomas]] | | 24 - 48 hrs || '''[[#Pharyngula Period|Pharyngula Period]]''' || [[File:Pharyngula.png|The Pharyngula Period. Photo supplied by Judy Cebra-Thomas]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 48-72 hrs ||'''[[Hatching Period]]''' ||[[File:Hatching_.png|The Hatching Period. Photo supplied by Judy Cebra-Thomas]] | | 48-72 hrs ||'''[[Hatching Period]]''' ||[[File:Hatching_.png|The Hatching Period. Photo supplied by Judy Cebra-Thomas]] | ||
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===Pharyngula Period=== | |||
* Transition from Prim 5 to Long-pec | |||
* The body axis begins to straighten and the head straightens out and lifts dorsally | |||
* Notochord is well developed | |||
* Formation of the Dorsal and Ventral Stripe | |||
* Nervous system is hollow and expanding anteriorly | |||
* The brain has developed into 5 distinct lobes | |||
* Seven pharyngeal arch's develop rapidly during this stage | |||
* Pectoral fins begin to develop | |||
* The Circulatory system develops and the heart beats for the first time | |||
* Blood begins to circulate through a closed circuit of channels | |||
* Tactile sensitivity appears and uncoordinated movements occur | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:Zebrafish day 1 SEM.jpg|day 1 | |||
File:Zebrafish brain fold SEM.jpg|brain fold | |||
File:Zebrafish myotomes SEM.jpg|myotomes | |||
File:Zebrafish trunk SEM01.jpg|trunk | |||
File:Zebrafish trunk SEM02.jpg|trunk | |||
File:Zebrafish perichordal sheath SEM.jpg|perichordal sheath | |||
File:Zebrafish enveloping layer SEM01.jpg|enveloping layer | |||
File:Zebrafish enveloping layer SEM02.jpg|enveloping layer | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Skull== | ==Skull== | ||
{| | {| | ||
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:'''Links:''' [[Neural Crest Development]] | [[Musculoskeletal System - Skull Development|Skull Development]] | :'''Links:''' [[Neural Crest Development]] | [[Musculoskeletal System - Skull Development|Skull Development]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Neural== | |||
===Sensory=== | |||
Lateral line is a zebrafish sensory system, used to detect changes in water flow, composed of clusters of mechanosensory hair cells called neuromasts. | |||
==Molecular== | ==Molecular== | ||
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==Terms== | ==Terms== | ||
* '''deep cell layer''' - (DEL) formed after blastula stage that forms the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). | |||
* '''epiboly''' - (Greek, "epibol" = a throwing or laying on) Term describing the division and movement of ectodermal cells during gastrulation, thinning and spreading this layer to cover the whole of the embryo. Cellular movements are thought to occur in all vertebrates, but have been most clearly identified in both the zebrafish and frog (xenopus laevis). | |||
* '''enveloping layer''' - (EVL) an epithelial monolayer formed after blastula stage that undergoes epiboly. | |||
* '''Kupffer's vesicle''' - (ciliated organ of asymmetry, primitive node) a transient epithelial fluid-filled sac located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension. The vesicle has been described as equivalent to the primitive node for establishing embryo left-right (L-R) axis. PMID 21876750 | |||
* '''yolk syncytial layer''' - (YSL) membrane-enclosed group of nuclei that lie on top of the yolk cell formed after blastula stage that undergoes epiboly. | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== |
Revision as of 16:46, 22 October 2016
Embryology - 29 Mar 2024 Expand to Translate |
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Introduction
Zebrafish or zebra danio (danio rerio) are seen as the latest "model' for embryological development studies. These embryos have the great advantage that they develop as "see through" embryos, that is, all internal development can be clearly observed from the outside in the living embryo. Much of the early modern work using this embryo model began with the papers of Kimmel.[1][2]
Several large laboratories in the US are now developing large breeding programs to carry out "knockouts" and to find spontaneous mutants of interest.
Fish Links: Zebrafish Development | Medaka Development | Salmon Development | Movie - Zebrafish Heart | Student Group Project - Zebrafish | Recent References | Category:Zebrafish | Category:Medaka |
Some Recent Findings
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More recent papers |
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This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Zebrafish Embryology <pubmed limit=5>Zebrafish Embryology</pubmed> |
Movies
Movie of an immobilized zebrafish embryo development from the 1-cell stage to 85 hours post fertilisation (hpf).[9]
<html5media height="300" width="948">File:zebrafish movie01.mp4</html5media> | |||
|
Timeline and Stages of Embryonic Development
Duration | Period Name | Image |
0 - 0.75 hrs | Zygote Period | |
0.75 - 2.25 hrs | Cleavage Period | |
2.25 - 5.25 hrs | Blastula Period | |
5.25 - 10.33 hrs | Gastrula Period | |
10.33 - 24 hrs | Segmentation Period | |
24 - 48 hrs | Pharyngula Period | |
48-72 hrs | Hatching Period | |
72 hrs - 30 Days | Larval Period |
Pharyngula Period
- Transition from Prim 5 to Long-pec
- The body axis begins to straighten and the head straightens out and lifts dorsally
- Notochord is well developed
- Formation of the Dorsal and Ventral Stripe
- Nervous system is hollow and expanding anteriorly
- The brain has developed into 5 distinct lobes
- Seven pharyngeal arch's develop rapidly during this stage
- Pectoral fins begin to develop
- The Circulatory system develops and the heart beats for the first time
- Blood begins to circulate through a closed circuit of channels
- Tactile sensitivity appears and uncoordinated movements occur
Skull
Zebrafish Skull Neural Crest Contribution[10]
|
Neural
Sensory
Lateral line is a zebrafish sensory system, used to detect changes in water flow, composed of clusters of mechanosensory hair cells called neuromasts.
Molecular
Fibroblast Growth Factor
- Fgf8 and Fgf3 - regulating the segmentation of the pharyngeal endoderm into pouches. [11]
- Fgf24 and Fgf8 - promotes posterior mesodermal development.[12]
- Sox9 - required for cartilage morphogenesis.[13]
References
- ↑ <pubmed>7229136</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>3077108</pubmed>
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 <pubmed>22039349</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>27381182</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>24700857</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>23714426</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21609443</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>20419147</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>26244658</pubmed>| PLoS One.
- ↑ Kague E, Gallagher M, Burke S, Parsons M, Franz-Odendaal T, et al. (2012) Skeletogenic Fate of Zebrafish Cranial and Trunk Neural Crest. PLoS ONE 7(11): e47394. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047394 PLoS ONE
- ↑ <pubmed>15509770</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>12925590</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>12397114</pubmed>
Journals
Zebrafish "is the only peer-reviewed journal to focus on the zebrafish, which has numerous valuable features as a model organism for the study of vertebrate development. Due to its prolific reproduction and the external development of the transparent embryo, the zebrafish is a prime model for genetic and developmental studies, as well as research in toxicology and genomics. While genetically more distant from humans, the vertebrate zebrafish nevertheless has comparable organs and tissues, such as heart, kidney, pancreas, bones, and cartilage." [jour PubMed listing]
Reviews
<pubmed>21501748</pubmed> <pubmed>20674361</pubmed> <pubmed>19557689</pubmed> <pubmed>19371733</pubmed> <pubmed>18992377</pubmed>
Articles
Search Pubmed
Search Pubmed: Zebrafish Development
Additional Images
Terms
- deep cell layer - (DEL) formed after blastula stage that forms the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm).
- epiboly - (Greek, "epibol" = a throwing or laying on) Term describing the division and movement of ectodermal cells during gastrulation, thinning and spreading this layer to cover the whole of the embryo. Cellular movements are thought to occur in all vertebrates, but have been most clearly identified in both the zebrafish and frog (xenopus laevis).
- enveloping layer - (EVL) an epithelial monolayer formed after blastula stage that undergoes epiboly.
- Kupffer's vesicle - (ciliated organ of asymmetry, primitive node) a transient epithelial fluid-filled sac located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension. The vesicle has been described as equivalent to the primitive node for establishing embryo left-right (L-R) axis. PMID 21876750
- yolk syncytial layer - (YSL) membrane-enclosed group of nuclei that lie on top of the yolk cell formed after blastula stage that undergoes epiboly.
External Links
External Links Notice - The dynamic nature of the internet may mean that some of these listed links may no longer function. If the link no longer works search the web with the link text or name. Links to any external commercial sites are provided for information purposes only and should never be considered an endorsement. UNSW Embryology is provided as an educational resource with no clinical information or commercial affiliation.
- NIH NIH Zebrafish Initiative
- ZFIN - The Zebrafish Model Organism Database
- Keller at European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Germany Movies - Reconstruction of zebrafish early embryonic development by scanned light sheet microscopy
- YouTube Timelapse recording of about 18 hours of embryonic development of the zebrafish with some annotation
Online Atlases
- Fish Face Atlas 3D-interactive atlas of craniofacial development in the zebrafish Danio rerio.
- Zebrafish Atlas
- 3D Atlas of Zebrafish Vasculature Anatomy
- Zebrafish Brain Atlas
- Atlas of Zebrafish Anatomy
- Atlas of Zebrafish Development
- Zebrafish Anatomy Portal
- FishNet 3D developmental atlas
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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 29) Embryology Zebrafish Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Zebrafish_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G