Z3224449

WEEK 2 LAB 1

1) What is the protein that sperm bind to on the egg surface:

Zona pellucida lypoprotein ZP3

2) Name the 3 stages of follicle development in the ovary:

i)primordial follicle ii)preantral follicle iii)antral (graffian) follicle

WEEK 3 LAB 2

--Elide Newton 13:13, 6 August 2009 (EST)

1. What factor do the synctiotrophoblast cells secrete to support the ongoing pregnancy?

hCG( Human chorionic gonadotropin)

2. What does the corpus luteum secrete to prevent continuation of the menstrual cycle?

Hormones progesterone and estrogen

3. What are the 2 main tissues to be derived from the germ cell layer continuous with the lining of the amniotic sac?

ectoderm forms 1)the nervous system from the neural tube and neural crest and 2) the epithelial layer of skin covering the embryo

WEEK 4 LAB 3

--Elide Newton 13:40, 13 August 2009 (EST)

1) What period of human development (in weeks) do the 23 Carnegie stages cover?

The first 8 weeks

2) What part of the somite will contribute to the vertebral column?

The sclerotome part of the somite forms the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disc.

3) At what Carnegie stage does the human neural tube normally completely close?

Stage 13

WEEK 5 LAB 4

--Elide Newton 13:41, 20 August 2009 (EST)

1. Into what structure do most blood vessels empty before they enter the embryonic heart?

The Sinus venosus

2. What do the dorsal aortas become in the adult?

The descending thoracic aorta

3. What are the layers of cells found in a tertiary villi? There are 4 layers:

• Trophoblast layers of syncitiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
• Extra-embryonic mesoderm layer
• mesenchymal layer which differentiates into blood vessels and cells.

WEEK 6 LAB 5

--Elide Newton 13:24, 27 August 2009 (EST)

1. What was the question I said in the respiratory lecture would be part of this week's assessment?

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia where the pleuroperitoneal foramen fails to close, is more common on one side of the diaphragm than the other.

2. What is the answer to the above question?

The majority occur on the left side ( approximately 80% or cases)

WEEK 7 LAB 6

--Elide Newton 14:16, 3 September 2009 (EST)

1)Which is the more common clefting, cleft lip or cleft palate? Cleft Lip

2)What structures does pharyngeal pouch 1 form?

Pouch 1 forms overall the tubotympanic recess consisting of structures of the tympanic membrane, mastoid antrum, tympanic cavity and auditory tube.

3)Neural crest forms which cells within the skin? Melanocytes

WEEK 8 LAB 7

--Elide Newton 14:09, 17 September 2009 (EST)

what is a myotube and how is it formed?

A myotube is a multinucleated cell which is an undifferentiated contractile apparatus. It is formed by fusion of myoblasts which happens during skeletal development.

What changes would I expect to see in the muscle fibre types in my legs if I:

a) Suffered a spinal cord injury; muscle atrophy as well as conversion of slow twitch muscle fibres to fast twitch muscle fibres.

b) Took up marathon running; muscle growth (hypertrophy) and conversion of fast twitch fibres to slow twitch fibres.

MARK 4/5 SP

WEEK 9 LAB 8

--Elide Newton 13:57, 24 September 2009 (EST)

Exercise: Peer assessment of class assignment. See discussion page of each group.

WEEK 10 LAB 9

-ATT Mark Hill I apologise as I forgot to sign in for this lab, however I was present in the lab for the full 2 hours --Elide Newton 14:37, 8 October 2009 (EST)

WEEK 11 LAB 10

--Elide Newton 14:06, 8 October 2009 (EST)

Q from lab

Advancements

• Found a new way of extracting pluripotent stem cells from fat cells (adipose) they are 2x as quick to generate stem cells than skin fibroblasts and 20x as efficient.

Drawbacks

• Dont know how much differentiation these cells require to generate specific tissue
• Dont know safety of cells- tumourigenicity or potenital to cause cancer

or risk of proliferation of more fat cells.. Obesity?

Question 1. Identify and name 3 tissue types which contain adult (somatic) stem cells that were used/studied from the 5 articles discussed during the tutorial.

Skeletal muscle, Adipose cells and Bone marrow

Question 2. Name 2 reprogramming strategies/methods used in generating human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from the 5 articles discussed during the tutorial.

Viral and non-viral (virus free) methods. eg. Lenti-virus conatining yamanaka factors ( Oct4, SOX2, Klf4, c-MYC)

Question 3. Is the following statement TRUE or FALSE? "Unlike the nuclear genome, the mitochondrial DNA in the embryo is derived almost exclusively from the egg; that is, it is of maternal origin."

TRUE