Yolk Sac Development: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Header}} | {{Header}} | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
[[File: | [[File:Stage17 embryo and membranes05.jpg|thumb|alt=Stage17 embryo and membranes|Stage {{CS17}} embryo and yolk sac]] | ||
The {{yolk sac}} is an early extra-embryonic membrane which is {{endoderm}} origin and covered with extra-embryonic {{mesoderm}}. Yolk sac lies outside the embryo connected by a {{yolk stalk}} ({{vitelline duct}}, {{omphalomesenteric duct}}) to the midgut with which it forms a continuous connection. The endodermal lining is continuous with the endoderm of the gastrointestinal tract. The extra-embryonic mesoderm differentiates to form both blood and blood vessels of the vitelline system. | The {{yolk sac}} is an early extra-embryonic membrane which is {{endoderm}} origin and covered with extra-embryonic {{mesoderm}}. Yolk sac lies outside the embryo connected by a {{yolk stalk}} ({{vitelline duct}}, {{omphalomesenteric duct}}) to the midgut with which it forms a continuous connection. The endodermal lining is continuous with the endoderm of the gastrointestinal tract. The extra-embryonic mesoderm differentiates to form both blood and blood vessels of the vitelline system. | ||
Line 10: | Line 11: | ||
The {{yolk stalk}} normally degenerates around the time the midgut herniation return to the peritoneal cavity and the anterior body wall closes (week 8). Failure of complete degeneration of this structure can lead to a common intestinal abnormality, [[#Meckel's Diverticulum|Meckel's diverticulum]]. (More? {{Meckel's diverticulum}}, [[Embryology History - Johann Meckel|Johann Meckel]]) | The {{yolk stalk}} normally degenerates around the time the midgut herniation return to the peritoneal cavity and the anterior body wall closes (week 8). Failure of complete degeneration of this structure can lead to a common intestinal abnormality, [[#Meckel's Diverticulum|Meckel's diverticulum]]. (More? {{Meckel's diverticulum}}, [[Embryology History - Johann Meckel|Johann Meckel]]) | ||
<br> | |||
{{Coelomic Cavity Links}} | {{Coelomic Cavity Links}} | ||
== Some Recent Findings == | == Some Recent Findings == | ||
[[File:Placental_membranes.jpg|thumb|Human Placental Membranes]] | |||
{| | {| | ||
|-bgcolor="F5FAFF" | |-bgcolor="F5FAFF" | ||
Line 23: | Line 25: | ||
* '''New development of the yolk sac theory in diabetic embryopathy: molecular mechanism and link to structural birth defects'''{{#pmid:26432466|PMID26432466}} "Maternal diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for structural birth defects, including congenital heart defects and neural tube defects. ...The yolk sac vascular system is the first system to develop during embryogenesis; therefore, it is the most sensitive to hyperglycemia. The consequences of yolk sac injuries include impairment of nutrient transportation because of vasculopathy. Although the functional relationship between yolk sac vasculopathy and structural birth defects has not yet been established, a recent study reveals that the quality of yolk sac vasculature is related inversely to embryonic malformation rates." | * '''New development of the yolk sac theory in diabetic embryopathy: molecular mechanism and link to structural birth defects'''{{#pmid:26432466|PMID26432466}} "Maternal diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for structural birth defects, including congenital heart defects and neural tube defects. ...The yolk sac vascular system is the first system to develop during embryogenesis; therefore, it is the most sensitive to hyperglycemia. The consequences of yolk sac injuries include impairment of nutrient transportation because of vasculopathy. Although the functional relationship between yolk sac vasculopathy and structural birth defects has not yet been established, a recent study reveals that the quality of yolk sac vasculature is related inversely to embryonic malformation rates." | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
Line 32: | Line 31: | ||
| [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}} | | [[File:Mark_Hill.jpg|90px|left]] {{Most_Recent_Refs}} | ||
Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Yolk+Sac+Development ''Yolk Sac Development''] | Search term: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Yolk+Sac+Development ''Yolk Sac Development''] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Vitelline+Duct ''Vitelline Duct''] | [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Meckel%27s+diverticulum ''Meckel's Diverticulum''] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | ||
Line 44: | Line 38: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{Older papers}} | | {{Older papers}} | ||
* '''Definitive Hematopoiesis in the Yolk Sac Emerges from Wnt-Responsive Hemogenic Endothelium Independently of Circulation and Arterial Identity'''{{#pmid:26418893|PMID26418893}} "Adult-repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge in low numbers in the midgestation mouse embryo from a subset of arterial endothelium, through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. HSC-producing arterial hemogenic endothelium relies on the establishment of embryonic blood flow and arterial identity, and requires β-catenin signaling. Specified prior to and during the formation of these initial HSCs are thousands of yolk sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs). ...In embryos lacking a functional circulation, rounded Kit(+) EMPs still fully emerge from unremodeled yolk sac vasculature. In contrast, canonical Wnt signaling appears to be a common mechanism regulating hematopoietic emergence from hemogenic endothelium. These data illustrate the heterogeneity in hematopoietic output and spatiotemporal regulation of primary embryonic hemogenic endothelium." | |||
* '''Review - Coelomic epithelium-derived cells in visceral morphogenesis'''{{#pmid:26638186|PMID26638186}} "Coelomic cavities of vertebrates are lined by a mesothelium which develops from the lateral plate mesoderm. During development, the coelomic epithelium is a highly active cell layer, which locally is able to supply mesenchymal cells that contribute to the mesodermal elements of many organs and provide signals which are necessary for their development. ... Body wall, heart, liver, lungs, gonads, and gastrointestinal tract are populated by cells derived from the coelomic epithelium which contribute to their connective and vascular tissues, and sometimes to specialized cell types such as the stellate cells of the liver, the Cajal interstitial cells of the gut or the Sertoli cells of the testicle." | * '''Review - Coelomic epithelium-derived cells in visceral morphogenesis'''{{#pmid:26638186|PMID26638186}} "Coelomic cavities of vertebrates are lined by a mesothelium which develops from the lateral plate mesoderm. During development, the coelomic epithelium is a highly active cell layer, which locally is able to supply mesenchymal cells that contribute to the mesodermal elements of many organs and provide signals which are necessary for their development. ... Body wall, heart, liver, lungs, gonads, and gastrointestinal tract are populated by cells derived from the coelomic epithelium which contribute to their connective and vascular tissues, and sometimes to specialized cell types such as the stellate cells of the liver, the Cajal interstitial cells of the gut or the Sertoli cells of the testicle." | ||
Line 67: | Line 64: | ||
==Yolk Sac Blood Vessels== | |||
[[File:Notch and yolk sac blood vessels model.jpg|400px]] | |||
Yolk sac blood vessels and {{Notch}} model{{#pmid:21352545|PMID21352545}} | |||
==Abnormalities== | ==Abnormalities== | ||
Line 127: | Line 128: | ||
{{Ref-Cullen1916}} | {{Ref-Cullen1916}} | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:Cullen1916 fig05.jpg|Human Embryo 5 | File:Cullen1916 fig01.jpg|1 Human embryo 0.7 mm | ||
File:Cullen1916 fig02.jpg|2 Human embryo 1.7 mm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig03.jpg|3 Human embryo 2.5 mm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig04.jpg|4 Human embryo 3.5 mm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig05.jpg|5 Human embryo 5 mm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig06.jpg|6 Human embryo 7 mm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig07.jpg|7 Human embryo 7 mm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig08.jpg|8 Human embryo 10 mm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig09.jpg|9 Human embryo 12.5 mm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig10.jpg|10 Human embryo 10 mm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig11.jpg|11 Human embryo 23 mm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig12.jpg|12 Human embryo 3 cm | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig13.jpg|13 Human embryo 4.5 cm sagittal | |||
File:Cullen1916 fig14.jpg|14 Human Embryo 4.5 cm | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Latest revision as of 10:30, 5 May 2019
Embryology - 25 Apr 2024 Expand to Translate |
---|
Google Translate - select your language from the list shown below (this will open a new external page) |
العربية | català | 中文 | 中國傳統的 | français | Deutsche | עִברִית | हिंदी | bahasa Indonesia | italiano | 日本語 | 한국어 | မြန်မာ | Pilipino | Polskie | português | ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ | Română | русский | Español | Swahili | Svensk | ไทย | Türkçe | اردو | ייִדיש | Tiếng Việt These external translations are automated and may not be accurate. (More? About Translations) |
Introduction
The yolk sac is an early extra-embryonic membrane which is endoderm origin and covered with extra-embryonic mesoderm. Yolk sac lies outside the embryo connected by a yolk stalk (vitelline duct, omphalomesenteric duct) to the midgut with which it forms a continuous connection. The endodermal lining is continuous with the endoderm of the gastrointestinal tract. The extra-embryonic mesoderm differentiates to form both blood and blood vessels of the vitelline system.
In reptiles and birds, the yolk sac has a function associated with nutrition. In mammals the yolk sac acts as a source of primordial germ cells and blood cells.
Note that in early human development (week 2) a transient structure called the "primitive yolk sac" forms from the hypoblast layer, this is an entirely different structure.
The yolk stalk normally degenerates around the time the midgut herniation return to the peritoneal cavity and the anterior body wall closes (week 8). Failure of complete degeneration of this structure can lead to a common intestinal abnormality, Meckel's diverticulum. (More? Meckel's diverticulum, Johann Meckel)
Coelom Links: Introduction | Lecture - Week 3 Development | Lecture - Mesoderm Development | Placenta - Membranes | Category:Coelomic Cavity |
Historic Embryology - Coelomic Cavity |
---|
1891 peritoneal | 1897 human coelom | 1910 Coelom and Diaphragm | 1924 serous |
Some Recent Findings
|
More recent papers |
---|
This table allows an automated computer search of the external PubMed database using the listed "Search term" text link.
More? References | Discussion Page | Journal Searches | 2019 References | 2020 References Search term: Yolk Sac Development | Vitelline Duct | Meckel's Diverticulum |
Older papers |
---|
These papers originally appeared in the Some Recent Findings table, but as that list grew in length have now been shuffled down to this collapsible table.
See also the Discussion Page for other references listed by year and References on this current page.
|
Movies
<html5media height="540" width="390">File:Week3_folding.mp4</html5media> | <html5media height="420" width="400">File:Amnion 001.mp4</html5media> | ||||||
|
|
Development Overview
Yolk Sac Blood Vessels
Yolk sac blood vessels and Notch model[6]
Abnormalities
Meckel's Diverticulum
ICD-11 LB15.0 Meckel diverticulum
This gastrointestinal tract abnormality is a very common (incidence of 1–2% in the general population) and results from improper closure and absorption of the omphalomesenteric duct (vitelline duct) in development. This transient developmental duct connects the yolk to the primitive gastrointestinal tract.
In addition to Meckel's diverticulum there are a range of other vitelline duct abnormalities, which depend on the degree from a completely patent duct at the umbilicus to lesser remnants (cysts, fibrous cords connecting umbilicus to distal ileum, granulation tissue at umbilicus, or umbilical hernias).
- Links: GIT Abnormalities - Meckel's Diverticulum | OMIM - Meckel's Diverticulum | Pubmed - Meckel's Diverticulum | Pubmed - omphalomesenteric duct | Pubmed - vitelline duct
Yolk Sac Carcinoma
A yolk sac carcinoma (endodermal sinus tumor[7]) is a form of germ cell tumour.
References
- ↑ Too HC, Shibata M, Yayota M, Darras VM & Iwasawa A. (2017). Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo. J. Reprod. Dev. , 63, 463-472. PMID: 28652559 DOI.
- ↑ Dong D, Reece EA, Lin X, Wu Y, AriasVillela N & Yang P. (2016). New development of the yolk sac theory in diabetic embryopathy: molecular mechanism and link to structural birth defects. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , 214, 192-202. PMID: 26432466 DOI.
- ↑ Frame JM, Fegan KH, Conway SJ, McGrath KE & Palis J. (2016). Definitive Hematopoiesis in the Yolk Sac Emerges from Wnt-Responsive Hemogenic Endothelium Independently of Circulation and Arterial Identity. Stem Cells , 34, 431-44. PMID: 26418893 DOI.
- ↑ Ariza L, Carmona R, Cañete A, Cano E & Muñoz-Chápuli R. (2016). Coelomic epithelium-derived cells in visceral morphogenesis. Dev. Dyn. , 245, 307-22. PMID: 26638186 DOI.
- ↑ Renda MC, Giambona A, Fecarotta E, Leto F, Makrydimas G, Renda D, Damiani G, Jakil MC, Picciotto F, Piazza A, Valtieri M & Maggio A. (2010). Embryo-fetal erythroid megaloblasts in the human coelomic cavity. J. Cell. Physiol. , 225, 385-9. PMID: 20533375 DOI.
- ↑ Copeland JN, Feng Y, Neradugomma NK, Fields PE & Vivian JL. (2011). Notch signaling regulates remodeling and vessel diameter in the extraembryonic yolk sac. BMC Dev. Biol. , 11, 12. PMID: 21352545 DOI.
- ↑ Damjanov I. (1980). Animal model of human disease: yolk sac carcinoma (endodermal sinus tumor). Am. J. Pathol. , 98, 569-72. PMID: 6986787
Reviews
Yamane T. (2018). Mouse Yolk Sac Hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol , 6, 80. PMID: 30079337 DOI.
Palis J, Malik J, McGrath KE & Kingsley PD. (2010). Primitive erythropoiesis in the mammalian embryo. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 54, 1011-8. PMID: 20711979 DOI.
Tavian M & Péault B. (2005). Embryonic development of the human hematopoietic system. Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 49, 243-50. PMID: 15906238 DOI.
Arendt D & Nübler-Jung K. (1999). Rearranging gastrulation in the name of yolk: evolution of gastrulation in yolk-rich amniote eggs. Mech. Dev. , 81, 3-22. PMID: 10330481
Auerbach R, Huang H & Lu L. (1996). Hematopoietic stem cells in the mouse embryonic yolk sac. Stem Cells , 14, 269-80. PMID: 8724693 DOI.
Articles
Funayama N, Sato Y, Matsumoto K, Ogura T & Takahashi Y. (1999). Coelom formation: binary decision of the lateral plate mesoderm is controlled by the ectoderm. Development , 126, 4129-38. PMID: 10457021
Search PubMed
Search Pubmed: Coelomic Cavity Development | pericardial cavity development | pleural cavity development | peritoneal cavity development
Additional Images
Historic
Historic Disclaimer - information about historic embryology pages |
---|
Pages where the terms "Historic" (textbooks, papers, people, recommendations) appear on this site, and sections within pages where this disclaimer appears, indicate that the content and scientific understanding are specific to the time of publication. This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (More? Embryology History | Historic Embryology Papers) |
Keith A. Human Embryology and Morphology. (1902) London: Edward Arnold.
Cullen TS. Embryology, anatomy, and diseases of the umbilicus together with diseases of the urachus. (1916) W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia And London.
Terms
yolk stalk, vitelline duct, omphalomesenteric duct
Glossary Links
- Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link
Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, April 25) Embryology Yolk Sac Development. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Yolk_Sac_Development
- © Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G