X-ray

From Embryology
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Introduction

X-ray showing congenital hip dislocation in the newborn infant.

There are a number of different neonatal screening (newborn screening) programs in different countries testing for various "common" congenital abnormalities and infections. Perinatally the infant is tested physically for hip displasia and may have an x-ray to establish the extent of musculoskeletal abnormality. There are also a number of other systems (renal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, endocrine, genital) that can be assessed postnatally by x-ray alone or in combination with tracers or contrast agents.

Radiation is a known teratogen and can affect development, but there is ongoing discussion as to the associated fetal risk and that to maternal health of a range of conditions that are detected or analysed using x-radiation.[1]

neonatal diagnosis
Diagnosis Links: Prenatal Diagnosis | pregnancy test | amniocentesis | chorionic villus sampling | ultrasound | Alpha-Fetoprotein | Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A | Fetal Blood Sampling | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Computed Tomography | Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing | Fetal Cells in Maternal Blood | Preimplantation Genetic Screening | Comparative Genomic Hybridization | Genome Sequencing | Neonatal Diagnosis | Category:Prenatal Diagnosis | Fetal Surgery | Classification of Diseases | Category:Neonatal Diagnosis

Diagnosis Categories

  • Prenatal diagnosis - number of different techniques (non-invasive, invasive) for determining normal development
  • Neonatal diagnosis (APGAR test, Guthrie test, Hearing test)
  • Maternal diagnosis - often pregnancy will expose maternal health problems

Some Recent Findings

  • Maternal effects and cancer risk in the progeny of mice exposed to X-rays before conception[2] "To investigate in an animal model whether preconceptual X-ray exposure leads to an altered tumor rate and spectrum in the offspring, a transgeneration carcinogenesis study was carried out. Female mice received X-ray irradiation (2 x 2 Gray) 2 weeks prior to mating with untreated males. ... Fertility and the lifetime of the maternal mice were reduced by the X-ray irradiation, and their incidence of lung and liver tumors was increased as compared to non-irradiated mice. The descendants of all groups revealed comparable body weights and mortality rates. The incidence of hematopoietic/lymphoreticular tissue tumors increased in the female hybrids by 6 months of CsA-treatment. A higher incidence of lung and liver tumors in the sham-treated male progeny of irradiated mothers was detected, pointing to a possible germ cell-transmitted alteration initiated by the preconceptual maternal X-ray exposure."

Musculoskeletal Abnormalities

Congenital Hip Dislocation

Congenital dislocation hip.jpg Renal agenesis 01.jpg

(>>) right hip dysplasia is shown.

Arthrogryposis

Arthrogryposis.jpg


Renal Abnormalities

Renal Agenesis

Renal agenesis 01.jpg

Ureteral Duplication

Ureteral duplication 01.jpg


Links: Renal Abnormalities | Renal Development

Gastrointestinal Tract Abnormalities

Duodenal atresia.jpg

Duodenal atresia

Gene Tests

A new site developed by NIH "GeneTests" provides medical genetics information resources available at no cost to all interested persons. It contains educational information, a directory of genetic testing laboratories and links to other databases such as OMIM.

Links: Gene Tests

References

  1. <pubmed>21406518</pubmed>
  2. <pubmed>15945274</pubmed>

Reviews

<pubmed>19160197</pubmed>

Articles

<pubmed>16484148</pubmed> <pubmed>14949062</pubmed> <pubmed>14942747</pubmed> <pubmed>15434757</pubmed>

Search PubMed

Search PubMed: x-ray neonatal diagnosis | x-ray neonatal screening | maternal x-ray risk

Additional Images

External Links

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Cite this page: Hill, M.A. (2024, March 28) Embryology X-ray. Retrieved from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/X-ray

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© Dr Mark Hill 2024, UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4 - UNSW CRICOS Provider Code No. 00098G