Waddington1956 References

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Waddington CH. Principles of Embryology (1956) The MacMillan Co., New York

Principles of Embryology (1956): Part 1 - 1 The Science of Embryology | 2 The Gametes | 3 Fertilisation | 4 Cleavage | 5 The Echinoderms | 6 Spirally Cleaving Eggs | 7 The Ascidians and Amphioxus | 8 The Insects | 9 The Vertebrates: The Amphibia and Birds | 10 The Epigenetics of the Embryonic Axis | 11 Embryo Formation in Other Groups of Vertebrates | 12 Organ Development in Vertebrates | 13 Growth | 14 Regeneration | 15 The Role of Genes in the Epigenetic System | 16 The Activation of Genes by the Cytoplasm | 17 The Synthesis of New Substances | 18 Plasmagenes | 19 The Differentiating System | 20 Individuation - The Formation of Pattern and Shape | References

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Bibliography

Introduction

The bibliographic reference has been given immediately after the author’s name, in the form: Journal, volume number, number of first page. This is followed by the title, which is sometimes slightly abbreviated (in particular Dros. mel. has been used for Drosophila melanogaster).

The titles of some of the more frequently mentioned journals have been contracted as follows:

• AB - Archives de Biologie.
• BR - Biological Reviews.
• CSHS - Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. G Genetics.
• JEB - Journal of Experimental Biology.
• JEZ Journal of Experimental Zoology.
• JeEM — Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology.
• jg - Journal of Genetics.
• N - Nature, London.
• PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, Washington.
• PRSE,B — Proceeditigs of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, series B.
• PRSL,B - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series B.
• PTRSL,B - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B.
• PR - Physiological Reviews.
• PZ - Physiological Zoology.
• RA - Roux’ Archiv fiir Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen.
• RSZ - Revue Suisse de Zoologie.
• s - Science.
• SYMSEB Syrnposia of the Society for Experimental Biology.
• ZIAV Zeitschrift fiir induktive Abstanunungs- und Vererbungslehre.

A

ABERCROMBIE M. (1950). The effects of anteroposterior reversal of lengths of the primitive streak in the chick. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. , 234, 317-38. PMID: 24537893 DOI.

ABERCROMBIE, M., (1954) (Personal communication.)

AND BELLAIRS, R., 1954. JEEM, 2, 55. The effects in chick blastoderms of replacing the primitive node by a graft of the posterior primitive streak.

AND CAUSEY, G., 1950.-N, 166, 229. Identification of transplanted tissues in chick embryos by marking with phosphorus-32.

AND HEAYSMAN, J.E.M., 1953-54. Exper. Cell Res., 5, 111, and 6, 293. Observations on the social behaviour of cells in tissue culture, I and II.

ABOIM, A. N., 1945. RSZ, 52, $3. Developpement embryonnaire et post-embryonnaire des gonades normales et agametiques de Dros. mel.

ALLEN RD. (1954). Fertilization and activation of sea urchin eggs in glass capillaries. I. Membrane elevation and nuclear movements in totally and partially fertilized eggs. Exp. Cell Res. , 6, 403-24. PMID: 13173494 DOI.

ANCEL, P. AND VINTEMBERGER, P., 1948. Bull. Biologique, Suppl., 31. Recherches sur le déterminisme de la symétrie bilaterale dans |’ceuf des amphibiens.

ANDERSON, N. G., 1953. S, 117, $17. On the nuclear envelope.

AUERBACH, C., 1952. CSHS, 16, 199. Problems in chemical mutagenesis.

AVEL, M., 1950. Amnée Biol., 26, 241. Le probléme des inductions dans la régénération de Ja téte chez les Lombriciens.

B

BAIRATI, I. AND LEHMANN, F. E., 1952. Exper. 8, 60. Ueber die submikroskopische Struktur der Kernmembran bei Amoeba proteus.

BALINSKY, B. I., 1925. RA, 105, 718. Transplantation des Ohrblaschens bei Triton. 1927. RA, 110, 71. Ueber experimentelle Induktion der Extremitdtenanlage bei Triton, u.s.w. 1933. RA, 130, 704. Das Extremitatenseitenfeld, seine Ausdehnung und Beschaffenheit. 1937. RA, 136, 221. Zur Frage der Natur der Extremitateninduzierenden Wirkung. 1947, RA, 143, 126. Kinematik der entodermalen Material bei der Gestaltung der wichtigsten Teile des Darmkanals bei den Amphibien.

BALTZER, F., 1940. Naturwiss., 28, 177. Ueber erbliche letale Entwicklung und Austauschbarkeit artverschiedener Kerne bei Bastarden. 1950. RSZ, 57, 451. Entwicklungsphysiologische Betrachtungen iiber Probleme der Homologie und Evolution. 19524. Exper., 8, 288. Experimentelle Beitrige zur Frage der Homologie. 1952b. SYMSEB, 6, 230. The behaviour of nuclei and cytoplasm in amphibian interspecific crosses. 1952¢, RSZ, 57, 93. Chimaren und Merogone bei Amphibien.

BARTH, L. G., 1940. BR, 15, 405. The process of regeneration in hydroids. 1941. 1EZ, 87, 371. Neural differentiation without an organizer. 1942. PZ, 15, 30. Regional differences in oxygen consumption of the amphibian gastrula. 1953. Embryology, 2nd Ed., Dryden Press, N.Y.

AND BARTH, L. J., 1954. The Energetics of Development, Columbia Univ. Press.

AND GRAFF, S., 1943. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med., 54, 118. Effect of protein extracts of neural plate plus chorda-mesoderm on presumptive epidermis.

AND SZE, L. C., 1951. Exper. Cell Res., 2, 608. The organiser and respiration in Rana pipiens.

BAUTZMANN, H., 1929. Naturwiss., 17, 818. Ueber bedeutungsfremde Selbstdifferenzierung aus Teilstiicken des Amphibienkeimes.

HOLTERETER, J., SPEMANN, H. AND MANGOLD, 0., 1932. Naturwiss., 20, 971. Versuche zur Analyse der Induktionsmittel in der Embryonalentwicklung.

BEADLE, G.W., 1945. Chem. Rev., 37, 15. Biochemical genetics. 1949. Sci. in Prog., 6, 184. Genes and biological enigmas.

BEADLE, L. G. AND BOOTH, F. A., 1938. JEB, 15, 303. The reorganisation of tissue masses in Cordylophora lacustris and the effect of oral cone grafts, etc.

BEALE, G. H., 1951. N, 176, 256. Nuclear and cytoplasmic determinants of hereditary characters in Paramecium aurelia. 1952. G, 37, 62. Antigen variation in Paramecium aurelia, var. 1. 1954. The Genetics of Paramecium aurelia. Camb. Univ. Press.

BEATTY, R. A., 1949. PRSE,B, 63, 249. Studies on reproduction in wild-type and female sterile mutants of Dros. mel. 1954. Int. Rev. Cytol., 3, 177. How many chromosomes‘in mammalian somatic cells? 1955. Parthenogenesis and polyploidy in mammalian development. Cambs. Univ. Press {in press).

DeBEER GR. (1947). The differentiation of neural crest cells into visceral cartilages and odontoblasts in Amblystoma, and a re-examination of the germ-layer theory. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. , 134, 377-98. PMID: 20255215

DE BEER, G. R., 1951. Embryos and Ancestors. Oxf. Univ. Press.

BEERMANN, W., 1952. Chromosoma, 5, 139. Chromomerenkonstanz und spezifische Modifikationen der Chromosomenstruktur in der Entwicklung und Organdifferenzierung von Chironomus tentans.

BELLAIRS, R., 1953. JEEM, I, 115 and 369. Studies on the development of the foregut in the chick blastoderm.

BIJTEL, H. M., 1931. RA, 125, 448. Ueber die Entwicklung des Schwanzes bei Amphibien.

BILLINGHAM RE & MEDAWAR PB. (1948). Pigment spread and cell heredity in guinea-pigs' skin. Heredity (Edinb) , 2, 29-47. PMID: 18863983 DOI.

BILLINGHAM RE & MEDAWAR PB. (1950). Pigment spread in mammalian skin: serial propagation and immunity reactions. Heredity (Edinb) , 4, 141-64. PMID: 14778556 DOI.

BINKLEY, F., 1954. PRSL,B, 142, 170. Organisation of enzymes in the synthesis of peptides.

BOCK, E., 1942. RA, 141, 159. Wechselbezichungen zwischen den Keimbliattern bei der Organbildung von Chrysopa perla.

BODENSTEIN, D., 1941. JEZ, 87, 31. Investigations on the problem of metamorphosis. VIII. Studies on leg determination in insects.

1943. Biol. Bull., 84, 34. Hormones and tissue competence in the development of Drosophila.

1950. The post-embryonic development of Drosophila, in Demerec, M., The Biology of Drosophila, N.Y.

BOELL, E. J., 1942. Growth, Suppl., 6, 37. Biochemical and physiological analysis of organiser action.

1948. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 49, 773. Biochemical differentiation during amphibian development.

NEEDHAM, J. AND OTHERS, 1939. PRSL,B, 127, 322. Morphogenesis and metabolism; studies with the Cartesian diver ultra-microrespirometer.

BONNER D. (1946). Further studies of mutant strains of Neurospora requiring isoleucine and valine. J. Biol. Chem. , 166, 545-54. PMID: 20276168

BONNER J. T., 1947. JEZ, 106, 1. Evidence for the formation of cell aggregates by chemotaxis in the development of the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum.

1952. Morphogenesis. Princeton Univ. Press.

BONNIER, G., HANSSON, A. AND SKJERVOLD, H., 1948. Acta Agric. Suec., 3, I. Studies on monozygous cattle twins.

BONOURE, L., 1939. L’Origine des Cellules Reproductrices. Paris.

BOYCOTT, A. E., AND DIVER, C., 1923. PRSL,B 195, On the inheritance of sinistrality in Limnea peregra.

AND DIVER, C., GARSTANG, S. L., AND TURNER, F. M., 1930. PTRSL,B, 209. The inheritance of sinistrality in Limnea peregra.

BOYDEN, E. A., 1927. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med., 24, $72. Experimental obstruction of the mesonephric ducts.

BRACHET, J., 1936. C. R. Soc. Biol., 122, 108. Le métabolisme respiratoire du centre organisateur de l’ceuf de Discoglosse.

1937. AB, 48, 561. La différenciation sans clivage dans l’ceuf de Chetoptere envisagée aux points de vue cytologique et métabolique.

BRACHET, J., 1944. Embryologie Chimique (English translation 1945, 1950, Intersci, N.Y.).

1952a. Le réle des acides nucléiques dans la vie de la cellule et de Vembryon. Actual. Biochem. Paris.

1952b. SYMSEB, 6, 173. The role of the nucleus and the cytoplasm in synthesis and morphogenesis.

1954. Nuclear control of enzymatic activities, in Recent Developments in Cell Physiology Butterworths, London.

KUUSI, T., AND GOTHIE, S., 1952. AB, 63, 429. Une étude comparative du pouvoir’ inducteur en implantation et en micro-injection des acides nucléiques et des constituents cellulaires nucléoprotéiques.

AND SHAPIRO, H., 1937. J. cell. comp. Physiol., 10, 133. The relative oxygen consumption of dorsal and ventral regions of intact amphibian gastrulae.

BRAUER, A., 1897. Zool. Jahrb., 10, 389. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Entwrich hinge aoa und der Anatomie der Gymnophionen.

BRETSCHNEIDER, L, H. AND RAVEN, G. P., 1951. A. Néerl. Zool., 10, 1. Structural and topochemical changes in the egg cells of Limnea stagnalis during oogenesis.

BRIGGS, R., GREEN, E. U. AND KING, T. J., 1951. JEZ, 116, 455. An investigation of the capacity for cleavage and differentiation in Rana pipiens eggs lacking functional chromosomes.

AND KING, T. J. 1952. PNAS, 38, 455. Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs’ eggs.

1953. JEZ, 122, 485. Factors affecting the transplantability of nuclei of frog embryonic cells.

BRODY, 1937. Growth, 1, 60. Relativity of physiologic time and physiologic weight.

1945. Bioenergetics and Growth.

BRONSTED, H. V., 1954. The time graded regeneration field in Planarians and some of its cell physiological implications, in Recent Advances in Cell Physiology, Butterworths, London.

1955. BR 30, 65. Planarian Regeneration.

BROWN, G. L., CALLAN, H. G. AND LEAF, G. 1950. N, 165, 600. Chemical nature of the nuclear sap.

BROWN, M. G., HAMBURGER, V. AND SCHMITT, F. O. 1941. JEZ, 88, 353. Density studies on amphibian embryos with special reference to the mechanism of organizer action.

BRUNST, V. V., 1950. Q. Rev. Biol., 25, 1. Influence of x-rays on limb regeneration in urodele amphibians.

BYTINSKI-SALZ, H., 19374. Ric. Sci., 8.2, pt. 3. Ricerche sperimentali sugli organizzatori dello sviluppo nei ciclostomi.

1937). Arch. Ital. Anat. Embriol., 39, 177. Trapianti di organizzatore nelle uova di Lampreda.

C

CALLAN HG. (1948). Ribose nucleic acid in the Drosophila egg. Nature , 161, 440. PMID: 18908596 DOI.

1952. SYMSEB 6, 243. A general account of experimental work on amphibian oocyte nuclei.

CAMBAR, R., 1948. Bull. Biologique, 82, 214. Recherches expérimentales sur les facteurs de la morphogenése du mésonéphros chez les amphibiens anoures.

1949. Année Biol., 25, 115. Données récentes sur le developpement du systéme pronéphrétique chez les amphibiens (anoures en particulier).

CARTER, T. C., 1954. JG, 52, I. The genetics of luxate mice. IV. Embryology.

CASPARI, E., 1948. Adv. Gen., 2, 1. Cytoplasmic inheritance.

1949. Q. Rev. Biol., 24, 185. Physiological action of eye color mutants in the moths Ephestia kuhniella and Ptychopoda seriata.

CASPERSSON, T. O., 1947. SYMSEB,, I, 127. The relations between nucleic acid and protein synthesis.

1950. Cell Growth and Cell Function. Norton, New York.

AND SCHULTZ, J., 1938. N, 142, 294. Nucleic acid metabolism of the chromosomes in relation to gene reduplication.

CATCHESIDE, D. G., 1948. Adv. Gen., 2, 271. Genetic effects of radiations.

1951. The Genetics of Micro-organisms. Pitman, London.

TEN CATE, G., 1953. A. Néerl. Zool., 10, Suppl., 108. The formation of enzymes during embryogenesis.

AND VAN DOORENMAALEN, W. J., 1950. Konink. Ned. Akad. Wetens, 53, 804. Analysis of the development of the eye-lens in chicken and frog embryos by means of the precipitin reaction.

CHAYEN, J. AND NORRIS, K. P., 1953. N, I7I, 472. Cytoplasmic localisation of nucleic acids in plant cells.

CHESLEY, P., 1935. JEZ, 70, 429. Development of the short-tailed mutant in the house mouse.

CHILD, C. M., 1936. RA, 135, 426. Differential reduction of vital dyes in the early development of echinoderms.

1941. Patterns and Problems of Development. Univ. of Chicago Press.

CHIQUOINE, A. D., Anat. Rec., 118, 135. The identification, origin and migration of the primordial germ-cells in the mouse embryo.

CHUANG, H. H., 1938. B. ZbI., 58, 472. Spezifische Induktionsleistungen von Leber und Niere in Explantatversuche.

1939. RA, 139, 556. Induktionsleistungen von frischen und gekochten Organteilen nach ihre Verpflanzung in Explantate und verschiedene Wirtsregionen von Tritonkeimen.

1940. RA, 140, 25. Weitere Versuche iiber die Veranderung der Induktionsleistungen von gekochten Organteilen.

1947. RA, 143, 19. Defekt- und Vitalfarbungsversuche zur Analyse der Entwicklung der kaudalen Rumpfabschnitt und des Schwanzes bei Urodelen.

CLAUDE, A., 1940. S, 91, 77. Particulate components of normal and tumour cells.

CLAYTON, R. M., 1953. JEEM, I, 25. Distribution of antigens in the developing newt embryo.

1954a. (Personal communication.)

1954b. N.174, 1059. Localisation of embryonic antigens by antisera labelled with fluorescent dyes.

AND FELDMAN, M., 1955. Exper. II, 29. Detection of antigens in the embryo by labelled antisera.

CONKLIN, E. G., 1905. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 13, 2. Organisation and cell-lineage in the Ascidian egg.

1931. JEZ, 60, 1. The development of centrifuged eggs of Ascidians.

1932. J. Morph., 54, 69. The embryology of Amphioxus.

COOPER, R. S., 1950. JEZ, 114, 403. Antigens of frog embryos and of adult frog serum studied by diffusion of antigens into agar columns containing antisera.

COSTELLO DP. (1948). OOPLASMIC SEGREGATION IN RELATION TO DIFFERENTIATION. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , 49, 663-83. PMID: 18882678 DOI.

COUNCE, S$. J., 1954. Z1A V (in press). Studies on embryonic development in femalesteriles of Drosophila.

D

DAINTY, M., KLEINZELLER, A., LAWRENCE, A. S. C., MIALL, M., NEEDHAM, J., NEEDHAM, D. M., AND SHEN, S. C., 1944. J. Gen. Physiol., 27, 355. Studies on the anomalous viscosity and flow birefringence of protein solutions, III.

DALCQ, A., 1928. Les bases physiologiques de la fécondation et de la parthénogénése. Press. Univ. Fr., Paris. 1932. A. Anat. Micr., 28, 223. tude des localisations germinales de l’ceuf vierge d Ascidie par des expériences de mérogonie. 1938. Form and Causality in Development. Camb. Univ. Press. 1941. L’Guf et son Dynamisme Organisateur. Michel, Paris. 1947. 6th Growth Symp., p. 85. Recent experimental contributions to brain morphogenesis in amphibians. 1950a Année Biol., 26, 209. La régulation morphogénétique chez les amphibiens. 1950b. RSZ, 57, Suppl., 4. La genése du complexe inducteur chez les Chordés. 1951a. Proc. Konink. Neder. Akad. Wetens., C, 54, 351- New descriptive and experimental data concerning the mammalian egg, principally of the rat. 1951b. Ann. Soc. Zool. Belg., 82, 117. Le probléme de levolution est-il prés d’étre résolu? 1952. Bull. Acad. Roy. Med. Belg., 17, 236. L’Euf des Mammiféres comme objet cytologique.

AND GERARD, P., 1935. Revised edition of A. Brachet’s Traité d’Embryologie des Vertébrés. Masson, Paris.

AND HUANG, A. C., 1948. C. R. Soc. Biol., 142, 1312. Effets de la division par ligature de la blastula et de la gastrula du Triton.

AND PASTEELS, J., 1937 AB, 48, 669. Une conception nouvelle des bases physiologiques de la morphogénése. 1938. Acad. Roy. Med. Belg., 6, ser. 3, 261. Potential morphogénétique, regulation et ‘Axial Gradients’ de Child.

DAMAS, H., 1947, AB, 53> 15. Effet de la suspension précoce du flux inducteur sur la determination du neurectoblaste medullaire. DAN, J. C., 1948. Physiol. Zool., 21, 191. On the mechanism of astral cleavage.

DAN, K., 1954. Embryologia, 2, 99. Further study on the formation of ‘new membrane’ in the eggs of the sea-urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.

AND ONO, T., 1954. Embryologia, 2, 87. A method of computation of the surface area of the cell.

DARLINGTON, C. D., 1937. Recent Advances in Cytology. Churchill, London. 1944. N, 154, 164. Heredity, development and infection.

AND MATHER, K., 1949. The Elements of Genetics. Allen and Unwin, London.

DAVIDSON, J. N., 1954, The biochemistry of the nucleic acids, 2nd ed. Methuen, London; Wiley, New York.

DAVIDSON, M. B. AND BERRILL, N. J., 1948. JEZ, 107, 465. Regeneration of primordia and developing hydranths of Tubularia.

DELBRUCK, M., 1949. Discussion to paper by Sonneborn and Beale, in Unités biologiques douées de continnité génétique, C.N.R.S., Paris. DEMEREC, M., 1934. RNAS, 20, 354. Biological action of small deficienceis of X-chromosome of Dros. mel.

DEMEREC, M., 1936. PNAS, 22, 350. Frequency of ‘cell-lethals’ among lethals obtained at random in the X-chromosome of Dros. mel.

DETWILER, S. R., 1936. Neuro-embryology. Macmillan, New York.

DEVILLERS, C., 1947. Exper., 3, 71. Explantations in vitro de blastodermes de poissons.

1948. Aun. Stat. Cent. Hydrobiol Appliq., 2, 229. Le cortex de |’ceuf de truite.

1949. Journ. Cyto-embr. belgo-néerl., p. 67. Explantations en milieu synthétique de blastodermes de truite.

1950. Ann. Biol., 26, 146. Quelques aspects de |’évolution du crane chez les poissons.

19514. A. Anat. Micros. Morph. Exper., 40, 298. Les mouvements superficiels dans la gastrulation des poissons.

1951b. C.R. Assoc. Anat., 38, 1. Symétrisation et regulation du germe chez la truite.

DOBZHANSKY, T., 1931. RA, 123, 719. Interaction between female and male parts in gynandromorphs of Dros. simulans.

AND HOLZ, A. M., 1946. G, 28, 295. A re-examination of the problem of the manifold effects of genes in Dros. mel.

DOLLANDER, A., 1950. AB, 61, 1. Etude des phénoménes de régulation consequtifs 4 la separation des deux premiers blastoméres de l’ceuf de Triton.

DOUNGE, A.L. 1954. Init. Rev. Cytol., 3, 199. The significance of enzyme studies on isolated cell nuclei.

DRIESCH, H., 1929. The Science and Philosophy of the Organism. Black, London.

DRY, F. W., 1933-34. N.Z. Jourtt. Agric., 46, 10 and 279; 48, 331. Hairy fibres of the Romney sheep.

DUNN, L. C., 1941. 3rd Growth Symp., p. 147. Abnormal growth patterns; with special reference to genetically determined deviations in early development.

E

EAKIN, R. M., KUTSKY, P. B. AND BERG, W. E., 1951. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med., 78, 502. Protein metabolism of Amphibian embryo. II. Incorporation of methionine into protein of gastrulae.

EBERT, J. D., 1950. JEZ, 115, 351. An analysis of the effects of anti-organ sera on the development in vitro of the early chick blastoderm.

1952. Anu. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 55, 67. Appearance of tissue-specific proteins during development.

1953. PNAS, 39, 333- An analysis of the synthesis and distribution of the contractile protein myosin in the development of the heart.

1954. PNAS, 40, 337. The effects of chorio-allantoic transplants of adult chicken tissues on homologous tissues of the chick embryo.

EDE, D., 1955. RA. (in press).

EMERSON, S., 1950. CSHS, 14, 40. Competitive reactions and antagonisms in the biosynthesis of amino-acids by Neurospora. .

EPHRUSSI, B., 1942. Q. Rev. Biol., 17, 327. The chemistry of ‘eye colour hormones’ in Drosophila.

1953. Nucleo-cytoplasiic relations in micro-organisms; their bearing on cell heredity and differentiation. Ox. Univ. Press. AND HOTTINGUER, H., 1951. CSHS, 16, 75. On an unstable cell state in yeast.

EPHRUSSI-TAYLOR, H., 1951. CSHS, 16, 445. Genetic aspects of transformation in pneumococci.

"ESPINASSE, P. G., 1939. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., A, 109, 247. The developmental anatomy of the Brown Leghorn breast feather and its reactions to oestrone.

EWEST, A., 1937. RA, 135, 689. Struktur und erste Differenzierung im Ei des Mehlkafers Tenebrio mollitor.

EYAL-GILADI, H., 1954. AB, 65, 179. Dynamic aspects of neural induction in amphibia.

F

FALCONER, D. S., FRASER, A. S. AND KING, J. W. B., I95I. JG, 50, 324. The genetics and development of ‘Crinkled’, a new mutant in the house mouse.

FANKHAUSER, G., 1934. JEZ, 67, 351. Cytological studies on egg fragments of the salamander Triton.

1948. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 49, 684. The organisation of the amphibian egg during fertilisation and cleavage.

FAURE-FREMIET, E., 1948. Fol. Biotheor. 111, 25. Les méchanismes de la morphogénése chez les ciliés.

FEDOROV, D. M., 1946. N, 158, 367. Russian work on chemical induction in adult animals.

FELDMAN, M. AND WADDINGTON, C. H., 1955. JEEM, 3, 44. The uptake of methionine S85 by the chick embryo and its inhibition by ethionine.

FELL, H. B. AND MELLANBY, E., 1953. J. Physiol., 119, 470. Metaplasia produced in cultures of chick ectoderm by high vitamin A.

FICQ, A., 1954. Exper., 10, 20. Analyse de l’induction neurale par autoradiographie.

FISCHER, F. G. AND HARTWIG, H., 1938. Biol. Zbl., 58, 567- Vergleichende Messungen der Atmung des Amphibienkeimes und seiner Teile wahrend der Entwicklung.

FLICKINGER, R. A., 1952. JEZ, 119, I. The relation of metabolism to embryonic cell movement.

1954. Exp. Cell. Res., 6, 172. Utilisation of C140, by developing amphibian embryos, with special reference to regional incorporation into individual embryos.

AND NACE, G. W., 1952. Exp. Cell. Res., 3, 393. An investigation of proteins during the development of the amphibian embryo.

FLYNN, T. T. AND HILL, J. P., 1939. Trans. Zool. Soc., Lond., 24, 445. The development of the Monotremata. IV. Growth of the ovarian ovum, maturation, fertilisation and early cleavage. 1942. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 111, 233. The later stages of cleavage and the formation of the primary germ-layers in the Monotremata.

FRASER, A. S., 1952. Austral. J. Agric. Res., 3, 419. Growth of wool fibres in the sheep.

FRASER, E. A., 1950. BR, 25, 159. The development of the vertebrate excretory system.

FREY-WYSSLING, A., 1948. Submicroscopic morphology of protoplasm and its derivatives. Elsevier, New York.

FUJU, T., 1944. Journ. Fac. Sci. Tokyo, 6, 451. Experimental studies on neural and mesodermal inductions in the early development of Triturus.

UTIDA, S., OHNISHI, T. AND YAMGISAWA, T., 1951. Annot. Zool. Japou., 24, 115. The apyrase activity and adenosine-triphosphate content of the organiser region of Bufo vulgaris formosus.

G

GABRIEL, M. L., 1946. JEZ, IOI, 339. The effect of local applications of colchicine on leghorn and polydactylous chick embryos.

GALE, E. F. AND DAVIES, R., 1953. Adaptations in Micro-organisms. Camb. Univ. Press.

GALLERA, J., 1947. AB, 53, 221. Effets de la suspension précoce de |’induction normale sur Ja partie préchordale de Ja plaque neurale chez les amphibiens.

GARROD, A. E., 1923. Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Ox. Univ. Press.

GEIGY, R., 1931. RA, 125, 406. Erzeugung rein imaginaler Defekte durch ultraviolette Eibestrahlung bei Dros. mel.

GEITLER, L., 1948. Oesterr. bot. Zeits., 95, 277. Ergebnisse und Probleme der Endomitoseforschung.

GILLETTE, R., 1944. JEZ, 96, 201. Cell number and cell size in the ectoderm during neurulation (Amblystoma maculatum).

GINSBURG, A. AND DETTLAFF, T., 1944. C.R. (Doklady) Acad. Sci., U.R.S.S., 44, 209. Experiments on transplantation and removal of organ rudiments in embryos of Acipenser stellatus in early development stages.

GLOOR, H., 1947. RSZ, 54, 637. Phanokopie Versuche mit Acther an Dros.

1951. RSZ., 58, 520. Kaltepolyloidie in Ganglienzellen von Dros. hydei.

GLUECKSOHN-SCHOENHEIMER, S., 1949. Growth, 13, Suppl., 163. Causal analysis of mouse development by the study of mutational effects.

1953. Q. Rev. Biol., 28, 115. Lethal factors in development.

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GRAY, J., 1931. A Textbook of Experimental Cytology. Camb. Univ. Press.

GREEN, E. V., 1953. N, 672, 766. Regular occurrence of the haploid number of chromosomes in mesenchymal cells of the tail tip of Rana pipiens tadpoles.

GREGG, J. R. AND ORNSTEIN, N., 1953. Biol. Bull., 105, 466. Explant systems and the reactions of gastrulating amphibians to metabolic poisons.

GRESSON, R. A. R., 1948. Essentials of General Cytology. Edin. Univ. Press.

GROBSTEIN, C., 19534. JEZ, 124, 383. Epithelio-mesenchymal specificity in the morphogenesis of mouse sub-mandibular rudiments in vitro.

19536. N, 172, 869. Morphogenetic interactions between embryonic mouse tissues separated by a membrane filter.

GROSS, F., 1936. Q. J. Micros. Soc., 79, 57. Cleavage of blastomeres in the absence of nuclei.

GRUNEBERG, H., 1938. PRSL,B, 125, 123. An analysis of the pleiotropic effects of a new lethal mutation in the rat.

1948. SYMSEB, 2, 155. Genes and pathological development in mammals.

GRUNWALD, P., 1937. RA, 136, 786. Zur Entwicklungsmechanik der Urogenitalsystems beim Huhn.

1942. PZ, 15, 396. Experiments on the distribution and activation of the nephrogenic potency in the embryonic mesenchyme.

1943. Anat. Rec., 86, 321. Stimulation of nephrogenic tissue by normal and abnormal inductors.

GUSTAFSON, T., 1950. RSZ, 57, 77. Survey of the morphogenetic action of the lithium ion and the chemical basis of its action.

1952. Nitrogen metabolism, enzymic activity and mitochondrial distribution in relation to differentiation in the sea-urchin egg. Upsala.

1953. JEEM, I, 251. Sea-urchin development in the light of enzymic and mitochondrial studies.

1954. Int. Rev. Cytol., 3, 277. Enzymatic aspects of embryonic differentiation.

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GUSTAFSON, T., AND SAVHAGEN, R., 1949. Arch. Zoologi., 42, 1. Studies on the determination of the oral side of the sea-urchin egg.

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BERTANI, G. AND GALLERA, J., 1946. RA, 144, 31. Regulationsfahigkeit und Feldorganisa~ tion der mannlichen Genital-Imaginalscheibe von Dros. mel.

AND GLOOR, H., 1946, RSZ, 53, 495. Transplantation zur Bestimmung des Anlagemusters in der weiblichen Genital-Imaginalscheib von Dros. mel.

AND MITGHELL, H. K., I9$I. PNAS, 37, 650. Properties of mutants of Dros. mel. and changes during development as revealed by paper chromatography.

HAMMERLING, J., 1934. RA, 131, I. Ueber formbildende Substanzen bei Acetabularia mediterranea. 1953. Int. Rev. Cyt., 2, 475. Nucleo-cytoplasmic relationships in the development of Acetabularia.

HAGET, A., 1952. C.R. Soc. Biol., 142, 673. Analyse expérimentale des conditions d’édification d’une gonade embryonnaire chez le Coléoptére Leptinotarsa. 1953. Bull. Biologique, 87, 123. Analyse expérimentale des facteurs de la morphogénése embryonnaire chez la Coléoptére Leptinotarsa.

HALDANE, J. B. S., 1941. New Pathways in Genetics. Allen and Unwin, London. 1954. The Biochemistry of Genetics. Allen and Unwin, London. HALL, E. K., 1937. RA, 135, 671. Regional differences in the action of the organisation centre.

HAMA, T., 1944. Arnot. Zool. Japon., 22, 165. On the inductive specificity of fresh and boiled tissues of vertebrate kidney and liver. 1950. Proc. Jap. Acad., 25, 4. Explantation of the urodelan organizer and the process of morphological differentiation attendant upon invagination.

HAMBURGER, Y., 1939. JEZ, 80, 347. The development and innervation of transplanted limb primordia in the chick embryo. 1942. A Manual of Experimental Embryology. Univ. of Chicago Press.

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HAMILTON, H. L., 1952. Revised edition of Lillie’s The Development of the Chick. (Holt, N.Y.)

HAMMOND, J., 1950. PRSL,B, 137, 452. Measuring growth in farm animals. HARDY, M. H., 1952. Amer. J. Anat., 90, 285. The histochemistry of hair follicles in the mouse.

HARRISON, R. G., 1918. JEZ, 25, 413. Experiments on the development of the forelimb of Amblystoma, a selfdifferentiating, equipotential system. 1933a. Harvey Lect., p. 116. Heteroplastic grafting in embryology. 1933b. Amer. Nat., 67, 306. Some difficulties of the determination problem. 1936. Coll. Net, 11, 217. Relations of symmetry in the developing embryo. 1945. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., 36, 277. Relations of symmetry in the developing embryo.

ASTBURY, W. T. AND RUDALL, K. M., 1940. JEZ, 85, 339. An attempt at an X-ray analysis of embryonic processes.

HARVEY, E. B., 1936. Biol. Bull., 71, 101. Parthenogenctic merogony, or cleavage without nuclei in Arbacia punctulata. 1940. Biol. Bull., 79, 166. A comparison of the development of nucleate and nonnucleate eggs of Arbacia punctulata. 1946. JEZ, 102, 253. Structure and development of the clear quarter of the Arbacia punctulata egg.

HAY, E. D., 1952. Am. J. Anat., 91, 447. The role of epithelium in amphibian limb regeneration studied by haploid and triploid transplants.

HEATLEY, N. G. AND LINDAHL, P. E., 1937. PRSL,B, 122, 395. The distribution and nature of the glycogen in the amphibian embryo.

HEIDER, E., 1936. Revised edition of Korschelt and Heider’s Vergleichende Entiwvicklungsgeschichte der Tiere. Fischer, Jena.

HENKE, K., 1935. Verh. Deutsch. Zool. Ges., p. 176. Entwicklung und Bau tierischer Zeichnungsmuster. 1947. Naturwiss., 34, 149 and 180. Einfache Grundvorgnge in die tierischen Entwicklung, I. 1948. Naturwiss., 35, 176, 203 and 239. Ditto, II. 1953. JEEM, I, 217. Ueber Zelldifferenzicrung im Integument der Insekten und ihre Bedingungen.

HERRMANN, H., 1953. JEEM, I, 291. Interference of amino-acid analogues with normal embryonic development.

HERTWIG, G., 1927. RA, 111, 292. Beitrage zum Determinations-und Regenerationsproblem mittels der Transplantation haploidkerniger Zellen.

HEYMANN, H., CHAN, F. L. AND CLANCY, C. w., 1950. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 72, 1112. Partition chromatography of red eye pigment of Dros., mel.

HOFF-JORGENSEN, E., 1954. Deoxynucleic acid in some gametes and embryos, in Recent Developments in Cell Physiology, Butterworths, London. HOLM, A., 1952. Zool. Bidr. f-Uppsala, 29, 925. Experimentelle Untersuchungen iiber die Entwicklung und Entwicklungsphysiologie des Spinnenembryos.

HOLMDAHL, D. E., 1939. RA, 139, 191. Die Morphogenese des Vertebratenorganismus vom formalen und experimentellen Gesichtspunkt.

HOLTFRETER, J., 1933. Biol. Zbl., 53, 404. Organisierungstufen nach regionaler Kombination von Entomesoderm mit Ektoderm. 19344. RA 132, 225. Der Einfluss thermischer, mechanische und chemischer Eingriffe auf die Induktionsfahigkeiten von Triton-Keimteile. 1934. RA, 132, 307. Ueber die Verbreitung induzierender Substanzen und ihre Leistungen im Triton-Keim. 1935. RA, 133, 367. Morphologische Beeinflussung von Urodelenektoderm bei xenoplastischer Transplantation.

HOLTFRETER, J., 1936. RA, 134, 466. Regionale Induktionen in xenoplastisch zusammengesetzten Explantaten.

1938a. RA, 138, 522. Differenzierungspotenzen isolierter Teile der Urodelengastrula.

1938b. RA, 138, 163. Veranderung der Reaktionsweise im alternden isolierten Gastrulaektoderm.

1939. Arch. exp. Zellforsch., 23, 169. Gewebeaffinitat, ein Mittel der embryonalen Formbilding.

19434. JEZ, 93, 251. Properties and functions of the surface coat in amphibian embryos.

1943b. Rev. Canad. Biol., 3, 220. Experimental studies on the development of the pronephros.

1943-44. JEZ, 94, 261 and 95, 171. A study of the mechanics of gastrulation.

1945. JEZ, 98, 161. Neuralization and epidermalization of gastrula ectoderm.

1946. JEZ, LOL, 355; 102, 51; and 103, 81. Experiments on the formed inclusions of the amphibian egg.

1947. J. Morph., 80, 25. Observations on the migration, aggregation and phagocytosis of embryonic cells.

1948a. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 49, 709. Significance of the cell membrane in embryonic processes.

1948b. sYMSEB, 2, 17. Concepts on the mechanism of embryonic induction and its relation to parthenogenesis and malignancy.

1951. Growth, 15, Suppl., 117. Some aspects of embryonic induction.

KOZALKA, T. R. AND MILLER, L. L., 1950. Exp. Cell Res., 1, 453. Chromatographic studies of amino-acids in the eggs and embryos of various species.

HOROWITZ, N. H., 1950. Adv. Genet., 3, 33. Biochemical genetics of Neurospora.

1951. Growth, 15, Suppl., 47. Genetic and non-genetic factors in the production of enzymes by Neurospora.

TER HORST, J., 1948. RA, 143, 276. Differenzierungs- und Induktions-leistungen verscheidener Abschnitte der Medullarplatte und des Urdarmdaches von Triton im Kombinat.

HORSTADIUS, S., 1937. Biol. Bull., 73, 317. Experiments on determination in the early development of Cerebratulus lacteus.

1939. Biol. Rev., 14, 132. The mechanics of sea-urchin development studied by operative methods.

1949. Publ. Staz. Zool. Nap., 21, Suppl., 131. Experimental researches on the developmental physiology of the sea-urchin.

1952. JEZ, 120, 421. Induction and inhibition of reduction gradients by the micromeres in the sea-urchin egg.

AND GUSTAFSON, T., 1954. JEEM, 2, 216. The effects of three anti-metabolites on seaurchin development.

AND SELLMAN, S., 1942. Arch. f. Zoologi, 334, 1. Experimental studies on the determination of the chondrocranium in Amblystoma mexicanum.

HOUSE, V. L., 1953. G, 38, 199 and 309. The interaction of mutants affecting venation in Dros. mel.

HOWLAND, R. B. AND SONNENBLICK, B. P., 1936. JEZ, 73, 109. Experimental studies on development in Dros. mel. II. Regulation in the early egg.

HUBER, W., 1947. RSZ, 54, 63. Ueber die antimitotische Wirkung von Naphthochinon und Phenanthrenchnon auf die Furchung von Tubifex.

HUBER, W., 1948. Arch. Julius Klaus Stift., 23, 486. Die Beurteilung des Hundeschnauze als genetisches Problem.

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HUNT, T. E., 1937. Anat. Rec., 68, 449. The origin of endodermal cells from the primitive streak of the chick embryo.

HUSKINS, C. L., 1947. Amer. Nat., 81, 401. The subdivision of the chromosomes and their multiplication in non-dividing tissues; possible interpretations in terms of gene structure and gene action.

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KING, J. W. B., 1953. Proc. Brit. Soc. An. Prod., p. 76. A feeding experiment with twin cattle.

KING, T. J. AND BRIGGS, R., 1954. JEEM, 2, 73. Transplantation of living nuclei of late gastrulae into enucleated eggs of Rana pipiens.

KOSSVIG, C. AND SHENGUN, A., 1947. J. Hered., 38, 235. Intra-individual variability of chromosome IV in Chironomus.

KOSTITZIN, V. A., 1937. Biologie mathématique. Colin, Paris.

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1953. RA, 146, 275. Die Aktionsfolge zur Gestaltung des Keimstreifs von Tachycines usw.

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KUTSKY, P. B., 1950. JEZ, Phosphate metabolism in the early development of Rana pipiens.

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1954. J. cell. comp. Physiol., 43, Suppl., 26. On the chemical production of developmental abnormalities and of phenocopies in chicken embryos.

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LAWRENCE, W. J. C., 1950. Symp. Biochem. Soc., 4, 3. Genetic control of biochemical synthesis as exemplified by plant genetics—flower colours.

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LEA, D. E., 1946. Actions of radiations on living cells. Camb. Univ. Press.

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LEES, A. D., 1941. JG, 42, 115. Operations on the pupal wing of Dros. mel.

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1946. RSZ, 53, 475. Mitoseablauf und Bewegungsvorginge der Zellriude bei zentrifugierten Keimen von Tubifex.

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1948b. Arch. Julius Klaus Stift. 23, 568. Realisationsstufen in der Organogenese als entwicklungsphysiologisches und genetisches Problem.

1950. RSZ,, 57, Suppl., 141. Die Morphogenese in ihrer Abhangikeit von elementaren biologischen Konstituenten des Plasmas.

1953. RSZ, 60, 490. Konjurrenz- und Schwelleneffekte bei der Realisicrung von Kérper- und Organgestalten.

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LEWIS, E. B., 1950. Adv. Genet., 3, 73. The phenomenon of position effect.

1951. CSHS, 16, 159. Pseudoallelism and gene evolution.

LEWIS, W. H., 1951. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 51, 1287. Cell division with special reference to cells in tissue culture.

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1953. Exp. Cell Res., 5, 416. On a normally occurring reduction division in the somatic cells of the sea-urchin embryo.

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LOVIRUP, S., 1953. C.R. Lab. Carlsberg, ser. Chim., 28, 372. Energy sources of amphibian embryogenesis.

LUND, E. J., 1947. Bioelectric fields and growth. Univ. of Texas, Austin.

LURIA, S. E., 1953. CSHS, 18, 237. Host-induced modifications of viruses.

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LUTHER, W., 1935. Biol. Zbl., 55, 114. Entwicklungsphysiologische Untersuchungen am Forellenkeim; Die Rolle des Organisationszentrum bei der Entstehung der Embryonalanlage.

1936. RA, 135, 359. Potenzpriifungen an induzierten Teilstiicken der Forellenkeimscheibe.

1937. RA, 137, 404. Transplantations- und Defekteversuche am Organisationszentrum der Forellenkeimscheibe.

1948. Natunwiss., 35, 30. Zur Frage des Determinationszustandes von Regenerationsblastemen.

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1953. Bull. Biologique, 87, 34. L’orientation des axes embryonnaires dans la gémellité expérimentale chez les oiseaux.

1955. JEEM, 3, 59. Contribution expérimentale 4 l’étude de la formation de l’endoblaste chez les Oiseaux.

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AND V. WOELLWARTH, C., 1950. Naturwiss., 37, 365. Das Gehirn von Triton.

MANN, T., 1949. Adv. Enzymol., 9, 329. Metabolism of sperm. 1954 The Biochemistry of Semen. Cambs. Univ. Press.

MANNER, H. W., 1953. JEZ, 122, 229. The origin of the blastema and of new tissues in regenerating forelimbs of adult Triturus viridescens.

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1948b. SYMSEB, 2, 196. Nucleus and cytoplasm in differentiation.

MCCLINTOCK, B., 1951. CSHS, 16, 13. Chromosome organisation and genic expression.

MECHELEE, F., 1953. Chromosoma, §, 511. Reversible Strukturmodificationen der Speicheldriisenchromosomen von Acricotopus lucidus.

MEDAWAR, P. B., 1940. PRSL,B, 129, 332. The growth, growth energy and ageing of the chicken’s heart.

1941. N, 148, 772. The ‘laws’ of biological growth.

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MONROY, A., 1942. Arch. Ital. Anat. Embryiol., 48, 123. La rigenerazione bipolare in segmenti di arti isolati di Triton cristatus.

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MOOKERJEE, S., 1953. JEEM, I, 411. An experimental study of the notochordal sheath.

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AND GLAYTON, R. M., 1952. JG, 51, 123. A note on some alleles of aristopedia.

AND DEUCHAR, E. M., 1952. JEB, 29, 496. The effect of type of contact with the organiser on the nature of the resulting induction.

FELDMAN, M., AND PERRY, M. M., 1955. Exper. Cell Res. (in press). Specific developmental effects of some purine analogues.

AND GOODHART, C. B., 1949. Q. J. Micr. Soc., 90, 209. Location of adsorbed carcinogens within the amphibian cell.

NEEDHAM, J. AND BRACHET, J., 1936. PRSL,B, 120, 173. The activation of the evocator.

AND PANTELOURIS, E. M., 1953. N, 172, 1050. Transplantation of nuclei in newts’ eggs.

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WADDINGTON, C. H., AND PILKINGTON, R. W., 1943. JG, 45, 44. The structure and development of four mutant eyes in Dros.

AND SCHMIDT, G. A., 1933. RA, 128, 522. Induction by heteroplastic grafts of the primitive streak in birds.

AND SIRLIN, J. L., 1954. JEEM, 2, 340. The incorporation of labelled amino-acids into amphibian embryos. AND TAYLOR, J., 1937. JEB, 14, 335- Conversion of presumptive ectoderm to mesoderm in the chick.

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WAGNER, R. P., 1949. PNAS, 35, 185. The in vitro synthesis of pantothenic acid by “pantothenicless’ Neurosopora.

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Principles of Embryology (1956): Part 1 - 1 The Science of Embryology | 2 The Gametes | 3 Fertilisation | 4 Cleavage | 5 The Echinoderms | 6 Spirally Cleaving Eggs | 7 The Ascidians and Amphioxus | 8 The Insects | 9 The Vertebrates: The Amphibia and Birds | 10 The Epigenetics of the Embryonic Axis | 11 Embryo Formation in Other Groups of Vertebrates | 12 Organ Development in Vertebrates | 13 Growth | 14 Regeneration | 15 The Role of Genes in the Epigenetic System | 16 The Activation of Genes by the Cytoplasm | 17 The Synthesis of New Substances | 18 Plasmagenes | 19 The Differentiating System | 20 Individuation - The Formation of Pattern and Shape | References

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