User:Z5017878

From Embryology
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--Mark Hill (talk) 10:47, 6 August 2015 (AEST) Thanks for setting up your page. We will be talking more about this in the Practical on Friday.

Lab Attendance

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Online Assessments

Lab 1 Assessment

Relationship of polar bodies morphology to embryo quality

This study was conducted in hopes to find a method to forecast the quality of embryo derived from reproductive technology. 355 patients that were undergoing In-Vitro Fertilisation or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) were a part of this study. From these patients 3048 zygotes were extracted and placed into two groups; intact or fragmented.

The oocyte was extracted 37 to 28 hours after recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin administration followed immediately by the collection of semen sample. The semen sample was then treated and prepared for fertilisation of the oocyte. The zygotes were recruited after 16 to 18 hours and their polar bodies examined and placed into their respective groups based on morphology. The development of the zygotes were then closely studied and graded against systems such as the Istanbul consensus and Gardner's grading system.

At the conclusion of the study it was deduced that the zygotes with intact polar bodies performed remarkably better than those with fragmented polar bodies. During the third day the intact polar body group had better embryo rates, blastocyst rates and available embryo rates. The pregnancy rate and implantation rate of the two groups however were found to have no differences.

[1]

Microdroplet In Vitro Fertilization Can Reduce the Number of Spermatozoa Necessary for Fertilizing Oocytes

During In vitro fertilisation (IVF) usually a large sample of spermatozoa is needed. In the female body only a few spermatozoa reach the oocyte. This study introduces the idea of micro droplet IVF in hopes of mimicking the in vivo conditions and lowering the amount of spermatozoa needed. Mice were used as the subjects for all the experiments performed and the procedures were conducted using HTF fertilisation medium.

This study involved several counterparts where each experiment tackled different factors that may affect the microdroplet IVF procedure. The microdroplets conprised of only one microlitre containing either 5, 10, 20 or 50 spermatozoa in comparison to the usual 80 - 500 microlitres. Each of the experiments were replicated four times using spermatozoa from different males and either cyropreserved or fresh samples. The first experiment tested the effects that the cumulus cells, GSH and sperm number, the second on varying numbers of oocytes and spermatozoa, third on the effect of using cyropreserved sperm, the fourth on the effects of using volumes of suspension larger than the optimal for the preparation of the cyropreserved sperm and the fifth was to ensure normal development of embryo.

The study was deemed successful where as little as 5 spermatozoa could fertilise an oocyte. The rate of success was also found to be heightened depending on factors, for example the presence of cumulus cells was found to be beneficial to the spermatozoa fertilisation rate. Microdroplet IVF could be the alternative pathway for those who have depleted numbers of spermatozoa due to factors such as age, genetic conditions or damages to sperm over time.

[2]

--Mark Hill (talk) 17:02, 3 September 2015 (AEST) These are reasonable summaries of these 2 papers. If you intend to use acronyms, they should be spelt out in full the first time they appear with the acronym then in brackets. (5/5)

Lab 2 Assessment

Uploading Images in 5 Easy Steps  
First Read the help page Images and Copyright Tutorial.
Hint - This exercise is best done by using separate tabs on your browser so that you can keep all the relevant pages easily available. You can also use your own discussion page to copy and paste links, text. PMIDs etc that you will need in this process.
  1. Find an image .
    1. Search PubMed using an appropriate search term. Note that there is a special library of complete (full online) article and review texts called PubMed Central (PMC). Be very careful, while some of these PMC papers allow reuse, not all do and to add the reference link to your image you will still need to use the PMID.
    2. You can also make your own search term. In this link example PMC is searched for images related to "embryo+implantation" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=embryo+implantation&report=imagesdocsum. simply replace "embryo+implantation" with your own search term, but remember not everything in PMC can be reused, you will still need to find the "copyright notice" on the full paper, no notice, no reuse.
    3. Where else can I look? BioMed Central is a separate online database of journals that allow reuse of article content. Also look at the local page Journals that provides additional resources.
    4. You have found an image, go to step 2.
  2. Check the Copyright. I cannot emphasise enough the importance of this second step.
    1. The rule is unless there is an obvious copyright statement that clearly allows reuse (there are several different kinds of copyright, some do not) located in the article or on the article page, move on and find another resource. Not complying with this is a serious academic infringement equivalent to plagiarism."Plagiarism at UNSW is defined as using the words or ideas of others and passing them off as your own." (extract from UNSW statement on Academic Honesty and Plagiarism)
    2. You have found the statement and it allows reuse, go to step 3.
  3. Downloading your image.
    1. Download the image to your own computer. Either use the download image on the page or right click the image.
    2. To find the downloaded image you may have to look in your computer downloads folder, or the default location for downloaded files.
    3. The image file will have its own original name, that you will not be using on the wiki. You can rename it now (see renaming below), but you should also make a note of the original name.
    4. Make sure you have everything ready then for the
    5. You have the image file on your computer, go to step 4.
  4. Uploading your image.
    1. First make sure you have all the information you want to use with the file readily available. There is also a detailed description below.
    2. Towards the bottom of the lefthand menuunder “Toolbox” click Upload file. This will open a new window.
    3. In the top window "Source file", click "Choose file" and then navigate to find the file on the computer. and select the image.
    4. If you have done this correctly the upload window will now have your image file shown in choose file and also in the lower window "File description" in "Destination filename:" DO NOT CLICK UPLOAD FILE YET.
    5. Rename your file in "Destination filename:" this should be a brief filename that describes the image. Not any of the following - the original file name, image, file, my image, your ZID, etc. Many of the common embryology names may have already been used, but you can add a number (01, 02, 03, etc) or the PMID number to the filename to make it unique.
    6. If the filename or image has already been used or exists it will be shown on the upload page. If another student has already uploaded that image you will have to find another file. Duplicated images will not receive a mark, so check before you upload as you cannot delete images.
    7. In the "Summary" window for now just paste the PMID. You will come back and edit this information.
    8. Now click "Upload image" at the bottom of the window, go to step 4.
  5. Edit and Add to your page.
    1. Edit - Open the image with the "Edit" tab at the top of its page. You should see the PMID you had pasted earlier in the new edit window. Add the following information to the summary box.
      1. Image Title as a sub-heading. Under this title add the original figure legend or your own description of the image.
      2. Image Reference sub-sub-heading. Use the PMID link method shown in Lab 1 and you can also have a direct link to the original Journal article.
      3. Image Copyright sub-sub-heading. Add the copyright information under this sub-sub-heading exactly as shown in the original paper.
      4. Student Image template, as shown here {{Template:Student Image}} to show that it is a student uploaded image.
    2. Add - Now add your image to your own page under a subheading for Lab 2 Assessment including a description and a reference link. If still stuck with this last step, look at the example on the Test Student page.
    3. Done!

Students cannot delete images once uploaded. You will need to email me with the full image name and request deletion, that I am happy to do with no penalty if done before I assess.

Non-Table version of this page

Stress Relief....

<html5media height="480" width="640">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9Hwn2DOgKo</html5media>

Zona Pellucida and ZPC-ubiquitin.jpg

Zona Pellucida and ZPC-ubiquitin[3]

PMID 21383844

--Mark Hill (talk) 17:07, 3 September 2015 (AEST) The image has now been uploaded correctly and contains reference, copyright and student template. (5/5)

Lab 3 Assessment

Here are the articles related to 'Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis':

<pubmed>24810687</pubmed>

<pubmed>23773313</pubmed>

<pubmed>26201722</pubmed>

--Mark Hill (talk) 17:10, 3 September 2015 (AEST) These papers are relevant to Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis. Would have been nice to include a sentence abut each paper though. (5/5)

Lab 4 Assessment

1 Which ONE of the following is true with regard to the male reproductive system?

The midpiece of spermatozoa is responsible for motility
The male sex hormone, testosterone is produced by spermatozoa
Only one spermatozoa has to reach the oocyte for fertilisation to occur
Spermatozoa primarily use their chemotaxic response to oestrogen to locate the oocyte

2 Which statement is INCORRECT with regard to the female menstrual cycle:

Gonadotropin releasing hormone is only responsible for signalling the release of luteinising hormone (LH)
The peak of oestrogen occurs during ovulation
The female body experiences a rise in temperature during the luteal phase and is an indication of menstruation
Rising levels of progesterone occur in the luteal phase

3 Select the CORRECT statement:

Fertilisation usually occurs two thirds down the fallopian tube
Upon entering the vagina, spermatozoa have up to four days to fertilise the oocyte
Spermatozoa contributes to only 10% of seminal fluid upon ejaculation.
Capacitation is the inactivation of spermatozoa motility


ANAT2341 Student 2015 Quiz Questions

--Mark Hill (talk) 17:15, 3 September 2015 (AEST) You left off the closing quiz code, I have added it above. Q1 is not technically correct as the mid piece provides the energy for motility, not actual motility. You need to also explain in your revealed answer why the other options are incorrect. Q3 first option is not a clear statement 2/3 from which end? (8/10)

Lab 5 Assessment

What is the difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele?

Gastroschisis and omphalocele (also known as exomphalos) are gastrointestinal abnormalities. They are the two most common defects of the anterior abdominal wall where gastroschisis occurs in 2.6 per 10,000 babies and omphalocele occurs in 2.1 per 10,000 babies [4] [5]. Gastroschisis is usually diagnosed around week 6 of gestation and the mothers are most likely to be under 20, undernourished and are smokers where as omphalocele is usually diagnosed 17 weeks into gestation and occurs predominately in women over the age of 30 [6].

Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly which affects the abdominal wall, most commonly in the area to the right of the umbilicus [7]. It is due to the lack of membranous covering over the wall causing herniation of viscera through the abdominal wall [8]. Gastroschisis is caused by the regression of the omphalomesenteric arteries which connect the yolk sac to the dorsal aorta [9]. However factors that also link to its occurrence include failure in mesenchymal differentiation, first trimester vascular accident and use of tobacco and illicit drugs [10].

Omphalocele on the other hand is the herniation of the abdominal viscera into the base of the umbilicus [11]. It is mainly caused by failure to complete lateral body fold migration leading to an open body wall and failure of the intestines to return to the abdominal cavity [12]. Another cause includes the persistence of the primitive stalk [13].

References

  1. <pubmed>26198980</pubmed>
  2. <pubmed>24583808</pubmed>
  3. <pubmed>21383844</pubmed>| [1]
  4. <pubmed>19302857</pubmed>
  5. Abeywardana, S. Sullivan, EA. (2008) ‘’’Congenital anomalies in Australia 2002-2003’’’ Birth anomalies series no. 3. Cat. No. PER 41. Canberra: AIHW. Retrieved from: {http://npesu.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/npesu/surveillances/Congenital%20anomalies%20in%20Australia%202002-2003.pdf}
  6. <pubmed>23915861, 22004141</pubmed>
  7. <pubmed>22004141</pubmed>
  8. <pubmed>17560199</pubmed>
  9. <pubmed>19302857</pubmed>
  10. <pubmed>17560199</pubmed>
  11. <pubmed>23915861</pubmed>
  12. <pubmed>19302857,23915861</pubmed>
  13. <pubmed>23915861</pubmed>

Test Student 2015

References

PMID 26244658

look at this[1]

Here's the list

  1. <pubmed>26244658</pubmed>

Please do not use your real name on this website, use only your student number.

2015 Course: Week 2 Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lab 1 | Week 3 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lab 2 | Week 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 Lab 3 | Week 5 Lecture 7 Lecture 8 Lab 4 | Week 6 Lecture 9 Lecture 10 Lab 5 | Week 7 Lecture 11 Lecture 12 Lab 6 | Week 8 Lecture 13 Lecture 14 Lab 7 | Week 9 Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lab 8 | Week 10 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Lab 9 | Week 11 Lecture 19 Lecture 20 Lab 10 | Week 12 Lecture 21 Lecture 22 Lab 11 | Week 13 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lab 12 | 2015 Projects: Three Person Embryos | Ovarian Hyper-stimulation Syndrome | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Male Infertility | Oncofertility | Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis | Students | Student Designed Quiz Questions | Moodle page

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