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'''What is the difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele?''' | '''What is the difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele?''' | ||
Gastroschisis and omphalocele (also known as exomphalos) are gastrointestinal abnormalities. They are the two most common defects of the anterior abdominal wall where gastroschisis occurs in 2.6 per 10,000 babies and omphalocele occurs in 2.1 per 10,000 babies <ref name= | Gastroschisis and omphalocele (also known as exomphalos) are gastrointestinal abnormalities. They are the two most common defects of the anterior abdominal wall where gastroschisis occurs in 2.6 per 10,000 babies and omphalocele occurs in 2.1 per 10,000 babies <ref name="PMID19302857"><pubmed>19302857</pubmed></ref> <ref>Abeywardana, S. Sullivan, EA. (2008) '''Congenital anomalies in Australia 2002-2003''' Birth anomalies series no. 3. Cat. No. PER 41. Canberra: AIHW. Retrieved from: {http://npesu.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/npesu/surveillances/Congenital%20anomalies%20in%20Australia%202002-2003.pdf}</ref>. Gastroschisis is usually diagnosed around week 6 of gestation and the mothers are most likely to be under 20, undernourished and are smokers where as omphalocele is usually diagnosed 17 weeks into gestation and occurs predominately in women over the age of 30 <ref name="PMID2391861"><pubmed>23915861</pubmed></ref> <ref name="PMID22004141"><pubmed>22004141</pubmed></ref>. | ||
Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly which affects the abdominal wall, most commonly in the area to the right of the umbilicus <ref name= | Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly which affects the abdominal wall, most commonly in the area to the right of the umbilicus <ref name="PMID 22004141"/>. It is due to the lack of membranous covering over the wall causing herniation of viscera through the abdominal wall <ref name="PMID17560199"><pubmed>17560199</pubmed></ref>. Gastroschisis is caused by the regression of the omphalomesenteric arteries which connect the yolk sac to the dorsal aorta <ref name="PMID19302857"/>. However factors that also link to its occurrence include failure in mesenchymal differentiation, first trimester vascular accident and use of tobacco and illicit drugs <ref name="PMID17560199"/>. | ||
Omphalocele on the other hand is the herniation of the abdominal viscera into the base of the umbilicus <ref name=''PMID23915861/>. It is mainly caused by failure to complete lateral body fold migration leading to an open body wall and failure of the intestines to return to the abdominal cavity <ref name= | Omphalocele on the other hand is the herniation of the abdominal viscera into the base of the umbilicus <ref name=''PMID23915861/>. It is mainly caused by failure to complete lateral body fold migration leading to an open body wall and failure of the intestines to return to the abdominal cavity <ref name="PMID19302857"/> <ref name="PMID23915861"/>. Another cause includes the persistence of the primitive stalk <ref name="PMID23915861"/> | ||
===References=== | ===References=== |
Revision as of 12:50, 11 September 2015
--Mark Hill (talk) 10:47, 6 August 2015 (AEST) Thanks for setting up your page. We will be talking more about this in the Practical on Friday.
Lab Attendance
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Online Assessments
Lab 1 Assessment
Relationship of polar bodies morphology to embryo quality
This study was conducted in hopes to find a method to forecast the quality of embryo derived from reproductive technology. 355 patients that were undergoing In-Vitro Fertilisation or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) were a part of this study. From these patients 3048 zygotes were extracted and placed into two groups; intact or fragmented.
The oocyte was extracted 37 to 28 hours after recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin administration followed immediately by the collection of semen sample. The semen sample was then treated and prepared for fertilisation of the oocyte. The zygotes were recruited after 16 to 18 hours and their polar bodies examined and placed into their respective groups based on morphology. The development of the zygotes were then closely studied and graded against systems such as the Istanbul consensus and Gardner's grading system.
At the conclusion of the study it was deduced that the zygotes with intact polar bodies performed remarkably better than those with fragmented polar bodies. During the third day the intact polar body group had better embryo rates, blastocyst rates and available embryo rates. The pregnancy rate and implantation rate of the two groups however were found to have no differences.
Microdroplet In Vitro Fertilization Can Reduce the Number of Spermatozoa Necessary for Fertilizing Oocytes
During In vitro fertilisation (IVF) usually a large sample of spermatozoa is needed. In the female body only a few spermatozoa reach the oocyte. This study introduces the idea of micro droplet IVF in hopes of mimicking the in vivo conditions and lowering the amount of spermatozoa needed. Mice were used as the subjects for all the experiments performed and the procedures were conducted using HTF fertilisation medium.
This study involved several counterparts where each experiment tackled different factors that may affect the microdroplet IVF procedure. The microdroplets conprised of only one microlitre containing either 5, 10, 20 or 50 spermatozoa in comparison to the usual 80 - 500 microlitres. Each of the experiments were replicated four times using spermatozoa from different males and either cyropreserved or fresh samples. The first experiment tested the effects that the cumulus cells, GSH and sperm number, the second on varying numbers of oocytes and spermatozoa, third on the effect of using cyropreserved sperm, the fourth on the effects of using volumes of suspension larger than the optimal for the preparation of the cyropreserved sperm and the fifth was to ensure normal development of embryo.
The study was deemed successful where as little as 5 spermatozoa could fertilise an oocyte. The rate of success was also found to be heightened depending on factors, for example the presence of cumulus cells was found to be beneficial to the spermatozoa fertilisation rate. Microdroplet IVF could be the alternative pathway for those who have depleted numbers of spermatozoa due to factors such as age, genetic conditions or damages to sperm over time.
--Mark Hill (talk) 17:02, 3 September 2015 (AEST) These are reasonable summaries of these 2 papers. If you intend to use acronyms, they should be spelt out in full the first time they appear with the acronym then in brackets. (5/5)
Lab 2 Assessment
Uploading Images in 5 Easy Steps | ||
---|---|---|
First Read the help page Images and Copyright Tutorial.
Students cannot delete images once uploaded. You will need to email me with the full image name and request deletion, that I am happy to do with no penalty if done before I assess. Non-Table version of this page
|
Zona Pellucida and ZPC-ubiquitin[3]
PMID 21383844
--Mark Hill (talk) 17:07, 3 September 2015 (AEST) The image has now been uploaded correctly and contains reference, copyright and student template. (5/5)
Lab 3 Assessment
Here are the articles related to 'Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis':
<pubmed>24810687</pubmed>
<pubmed>23773313</pubmed>
<pubmed>26201722</pubmed>
--Mark Hill (talk) 17:10, 3 September 2015 (AEST) These papers are relevant to Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis. Would have been nice to include a sentence abut each paper though. (5/5)
Lab 4 Assessment
ANAT2341 Student 2015 Quiz Questions
--Mark Hill (talk) 17:15, 3 September 2015 (AEST) You left off the closing quiz code, I have added it above. Q1 is not technically correct as the mid piece provides the energy for motility, not actual motility. You need to also explain in your revealed answer why the other options are incorrect. Q3 first option is not a clear statement 2/3 from which end? (8/10)
Lab 5 Assessment
What is the difference between gastroschisis and omphalocele?
Gastroschisis and omphalocele (also known as exomphalos) are gastrointestinal abnormalities. They are the two most common defects of the anterior abdominal wall where gastroschisis occurs in 2.6 per 10,000 babies and omphalocele occurs in 2.1 per 10,000 babies [4] [5]. Gastroschisis is usually diagnosed around week 6 of gestation and the mothers are most likely to be under 20, undernourished and are smokers where as omphalocele is usually diagnosed 17 weeks into gestation and occurs predominately in women over the age of 30 [6] [7].
Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly which affects the abdominal wall, most commonly in the area to the right of the umbilicus [8]. It is due to the lack of membranous covering over the wall causing herniation of viscera through the abdominal wall [9]. Gastroschisis is caused by the regression of the omphalomesenteric arteries which connect the yolk sac to the dorsal aorta [4]. However factors that also link to its occurrence include failure in mesenchymal differentiation, first trimester vascular accident and use of tobacco and illicit drugs [9].
Omphalocele on the other hand is the herniation of the abdominal viscera into the base of the umbilicus Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; invalid names, e.g. too many. It is mainly caused by failure to complete lateral body fold migration leading to an open body wall and failure of the intestines to return to the abdominal cavity [4] [10]. Another cause includes the persistence of the primitive stalk [10]
References
- ↑ <pubmed>26198980</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>24583808</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>21383844</pubmed>| [1]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 <pubmed>19302857</pubmed>
- ↑ Abeywardana, S. Sullivan, EA. (2008) Congenital anomalies in Australia 2002-2003 Birth anomalies series no. 3. Cat. No. PER 41. Canberra: AIHW. Retrieved from: {http://npesu.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/npesu/surveillances/Congenital%20anomalies%20in%20Australia%202002-2003.pdf}
- ↑ <pubmed>23915861</pubmed>
- ↑ <pubmed>22004141</pubmed>
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedPMID 22004141
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 <pubmed>17560199</pubmed>
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; no text was provided for refs namedPMID23915861
Test Student 2015
References
PMID 26244658
look at this[1]
Here's the list
- ↑ <pubmed>26244658</pubmed>
Please do not use your real name on this website, use only your student number.
- 2015 Course: Week 2 Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lab 1 | Week 3 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lab 2 | Week 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 Lab 3 | Week 5 Lecture 7 Lecture 8 Lab 4 | Week 6 Lecture 9 Lecture 10 Lab 5 | Week 7 Lecture 11 Lecture 12 Lab 6 | Week 8 Lecture 13 Lecture 14 Lab 7 | Week 9 Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lab 8 | Week 10 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Lab 9 | Week 11 Lecture 19 Lecture 20 Lab 10 | Week 12 Lecture 21 Lecture 22 Lab 11 | Week 13 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lab 12 | 2015 Projects: Three Person Embryos | Ovarian Hyper-stimulation Syndrome | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Male Infertility | Oncofertility | Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis | Students | Student Designed Quiz Questions | Moodle page