User:Z5015544

From Embryology
Revision as of 22:40, 15 September 2016 by Z5015544 (talk | contribs)
Mark Hill (talk) 12:31, 5 August 2016 (AEST) Very good. I see though that you have used HTML code (that is fine), but in general I prefer the simpler Wiki coding as it gives a more consistent appearance to the pages.


External link

Lab Attendance

Z5015544 (talk) 14:41, 12 August 2016 (AEST)Lab 1Z5015544 (talk) 14:41, 12 August 2016 (AEST) Z5015544 (talk) 14:41, 12 August 2016 (AEST)Lab 2Z5015544 (talk) 14:41, 12 August 2016 (AEST) ANAT2341 Lab1

Z5015544 (talk)Lab 4Z5015544 (talk)

Z5015544 (talk) 14:35, 5 August 2016 (AEST)

Z5015544 (talk)Lab 3Z5015544 (talk)

Z5015544 (talk)Lab 5Z5015544 (talk)

Z5015544 (talk) 13:22, 9 September 2016 (AEST)Lab 6Z5015544 (talk) 13:22, 9 September 2016 (AEST)

Student Information (expand to read)  
Individual Assessments
Mark Hill.jpg

Please leave this template on top of your student page as I will add your assessment items here.

Beginning your online work - Working Online in this course

  1. Make your own page.
    1. Log-in to the embryology website using your student ID and Zpass.
    2. Click your student number (shown in red at the top right of the screen following log-in)
    3. Create page using the tab at the top of the page, and save.
  2. Add the following to the top of your page exactly as shown - {{ANAT2341Student2016}}
  3. How would you identify your Type in a group and add to your page.
  4. What was the most interesting thing you learnt in the fertilisation lecture?


If you have done the above correctly your ZID should be blue and not red on this page link - ANAT2341 2016 Students.


Here is the example page I made in Lab 1 Student Page. With a few more explanatory notes.

Click here to email Dr Mark Hill

Editing Links: Editing Basics | Images | Tables | Referencing | Journal Searches | Copyright | Font Colours | Virtual Slide Permalink | My Preferences | One Page Wiki Card | Printing | Movies | Language Translation | Student Movies | Using OpenOffice | Internet Browsers | Moodle | Navigation/Contribution | Term Link | Short URLs | 2018 Test Student
Lab 1 Assessment - Researching a Topic
In the lab I showed you how to find the PubMed reference database and search it using a topic word. Lab 1 assessment will be for you to use this to find a research reference on "fertilization" and write a brief summary of the main finding of the paper.
  1. Add a new Sub-heading "Lab 1 Assessment" (without the quotes).
  2. Search the database for a reference on "fertilisation" published in the last 5 years.
    1. It must be a research article not a Review.
    2. The full paper must be available online, not just the abstract.
  3. Add a link to this reference using its PMID using this code <pubmed>XXXXX</pubmed> replacing the Xs with just the PMID number (no text).
  4. Under the reference write a short summary of the papers main findings.
    1. Only 1-2 paragraphs.
    2. Must not be a copy of the paper abstract.
  5. Save and you are done.

PubMed logo.gif

Lab 2 Assessment - Uploading an Image
  1. Upload a research image using the guide information below. The image uploaded for your individual assessment can relate to your project or from fertilisation to week 3 of development (upload only a single image).
  2. Add that image to your own individual page (see Images) including an image title and its reference link.
  3. No two students should upload the same image, check new images before you upload.
  4. No student can delete an image once uploaded, please contact me by email with the image address and I will delete (with no penalty, just glad to help out).


2016 Group Project Topic - Signaling in Development

OK you are now in a group

  1. Go to the blank group page and add a topic that interests you along with your student signature.
  2. No two groups can do the same topic, but at this stage the final topic has not yet been decided (next week).

Initially the topic can be as specific or as broad as you want.


Chicken embryo E-cad and P-cad gastrulation.png

Chicken embryo E-cad and P-cad gastrulation[1]

References

  1. <pubmed>27097030</pubmed>
Lab 4 Assessment - GIT Quiz

ANAT2341 Quiz Example | Category:Quiz | ANAT2341 Student 2015 Quiz Questions |

Design 4 quiz questions based upon gastrointestinal tract. Add the quiz to your own page under Lab 4 assessment and provide a sub-sub-heading on the topic of the quiz.

An example is shown below (open this page in view code or edit mode). Note that it is not just how you ask the question, but also how you explain the correct answer.

Lab 5 Assessment - Course Review
Complete the course review questionnaire and add the fact you have completed to your student page.
Lab 6 Assessment - Cleft Lip and Palate
  1. Identify a known genetic mutation that is associated with cleft lip or palate.
  2. Identify a recent research article on this gene.
  3. How does this mutation affect developmental signalling in normal development.
Lab 7 Assessment - Muscular Dystrophy
  1. What is/are the dystrophin mutation(s)?
  2. What is the function of dystrophin?
  3. What other tissues/organs are affected by this disorder?
  4. What therapies exist for DMD?
  5. What animal models are available for muscular dystrophy?
Lab 8 Assessment - Quiz
A brief quiz was held in the practical class on urogenital development.
Lab 9 Assessment - Peer Assessment
  • This will form part of your individual assessment for the course.
  • Each student should now look at each of the other Group projects in the class.
  • Next prepare a critical assessment (should include both positive and negative issues) of each project using the project group assessment criteria.
  • This assessment should be pasted without signature on the top of the specific project's discussion page. (minimum length 3-5 paragraphs/project)
  • This critical assessment should also be pasted on your own student page.
  • Each student should therefore have 5 separate reports pasted on their own page for this assessment item.
  • Length, quality and accuracy of your reports will be part of the overall mark for this assessment.
    • there will be a greater loading on this than simple question assessments.
Lab 10 Assessment - Stem Cells
As part of the assessment for this course, you will give a 15 minutes journal club presentation in Lab 10. For this you will in your current student group discuss a recent (published after 2011) original research article (not a review!) on stem cell biology or technology.
Lab 10 - Stem Cell Presentations 2016
Group Mark Assessor General Comments

Group 1: 15/20

Group 2: 19/20

Group 3: 20/20

Group 4: 19/20

Group 5: 16/20

Group 6: 16/20

The students put great effort in their presentation and we heard a nice variety of studies in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine today. The interaction after the presentation was great.

As general feedback I would like to advise students to:

  • Never discuss M&M as a separate section in journal clubs. I gave this advice prior to the lab, but still most groups did talk through the M&M section.
  • Do not use your slides as cheat sheets, avoid text on slides, know what messages you need to get across, use images to illustrate these
  • Engage with your slides. Talk through them. Point at panels. Gauge your audience’s understanding by making eye contact with them
  • Avoid using abbreviations. Most people do not readily understand these and will lose track
Lab 11 Assessment - Heart Development
Read the following recent review article on heart repair and from the reference list identify a cited research article and write a brief summary of the paper's main findings. Then describe how the original research result was used in the review article.

<pubmed>26932668</pubmed>Development

ANAT2341Lectures - Textbook chapters  
Lecture (Timetable) Textbook - The Developing Human Textbook - Larsen's Human Embryology
Embryology Introduction Introduction to the Developing Human
Fertilization First Week of Human Development Gametogenesis, Fertilization, and First Week
Week 1 and 2 Second Week of Human Development Second Week: Becoming Bilaminar and Fully Implanting
Week 3 Third Week of Human Development Third Week: Becoming Trilaminar and Establishing Body Axes
Mesoderm Fourth to Eighth Weeks of Human Development Fourth Week: Forming the Embryo
Ectoderm Nervous System Development of the Central Nervous System
Early Vascular Cardiovascular System Development of the Vasculature
Placenta Placenta and Fetal Membranes Development of the Vasculature
Endoderm - GIT Alimentary System Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Respiratory Respiratory System Development of the Respiratory System and Body Cavities
Head Pharyngeal Apparatus, Face, and Neck Development of the Pharyngeal Apparatus and Face
Neural Crest Nervous System Development of the Peripheral Nervous System
Musculoskeletal Muscular System Development of the Musculoskeletal System
Limb Development of Limbs Development of the Limbs
Renal Urogenital System Development of the Urinary System
Genital Urogenital System Development of the Urinary System
Stem Cells
Integumentary Integumentary System Development of the Skin and Its Derivatives
Endocrine Covered through various chapters (see also alternate text), read head and neck, neural crest and renal chapters.
Endocrinology Textbook - Chapter Titles  
Nussey S. and Whitehead S. Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach (2001) Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers; ISBN-10: 1-85996-252-1.

Full Table of Contents

Heart Cardiovascular System Development of the Heart
Sensory Development of Eyes and Ears Development of the Eyes
Fetal Fetal Period Fetal Development and the Fetus as Patient
Birth and Revision
Additional Textbook Content - The following concepts also form part of the theory material covered throughout the course.
  1. Principles and Mechanisms of Morphogenesis and Dysmorphogenesis
  2. Common Signaling Pathways Used During Development
  3. Human Birth Defect
ANAT2341 Course Timetable  
Week (Mon) Lecture 1 (Mon 1-2pm) Lecture 2 (Tue 3-4pm) Practical (Fri 1-3pm)
Week 2 (1 Aug) Introduction Fertilization Lab 1
Week 3 (8 Aug) Week 1 and 2 Week 3 Lab 2
Week 4 (15 Aug) Mesoderm Ectoderm Lab 3
Week 5 (22 Aug) Early Vascular Placenta Lab 4
Week 6 (29 Aug) Gastrointestinal Respiratory Lab 5
Week 7 (5 Sep) Head Neural Crest Lab 6
Week 8 (12 Sep) Musculoskeletal Limb Development Lab 7
Week 9 (19 Sep) Renal Genital Lab 8
Mid-semester break
Week 10 (3 Oct) Public Holiday Stem Cells Lab 9
Week 11 (10 Oct) Integumentary Endocrine Lab 10
Week 12 (17 Oct) Heart Sensory Lab 11
Week 13 (24 Oct) Fetal Birth and Revision Lab 12

ANAT2341 2016: Moodle page | ECHO360 | Textbooks | Students 2016 | Projects 2016

Embryology


Belbin model - Teamworker

I believe the role of "Teamworker" appears to match my attitude most compared to the other roles primarily because one of my main priorities when working with others is to ensure that everyone is contributing and henceforth working together as a proactive unit. Having played soccer for eight years, cricket for two years and as a current wardsmen coordinator at a public hospital, I have come to understand that being a teamworker is an attribute that each team member must have in order for a group to reach their goal.


Throughout my experiences when working with different teams I have also come to realise that support and encouragement of others is key in order to promote the contribution of each member. Minimal contributions by other team members is often a challenge I have faced in the past as when this occurs, it slows the team's work progress down and increases the workload for other team members. I always attempted to manage this issue by speaking with the group member(s) and highlighting the importance of their contribution to the team, which in most cases motivates them to invest more energy into working towards the goal.



WEEK 1

Lecture 1: Fertilzation


Prior to attending the second lecture this week, I initially thought that I had a relatively in-depth knowledge regarding the process of fertilization having completed my studies in physiology, histology and year 12 biology. However, after attending this lecture, I was left amazed after having seen the complexity of this process itself. What I found particularly interesting was the fact that all these little processes, such as membrane depolarization and the cortical reaction to name a few, lead to the formation of each human being that we see around us today. The content really made me reflect upon how incredible our bodies really are! I really look forward to learning more about the next steps of the developing embryo!


Lab 1 Assessment


<pubmed>27469431</pubmed>

The research article called "Mitofusin 2 regulates the oocytes development and quality by modulating meiosis and mitochondrial function" by Liu et al. (2016) aims to determine whether a mitochondrial dynamic protein named Mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), influences the quality of oocytes in the process of development by modulating mitochondrial function in vitro. In order to investigate this question, Liu et al. (2016) collected germinal vesicle oocytes from 4-week-old Imprinting Control Region (ICR) female mice and transfected them with Mfn2-siRNA. Multiple variables were investigated such as the levels of Mfn2 expression in oocytes after transfection and the effect of down-regulating Mfn2 upon oocyte maturation and fertilisation (Liu et al., 2016).

Overall it was discovered that the levels of protein and mRNA in the Mfn2-siRNA transfected group appeared to be significantly lower than the control groups who were not transfected (Liu et al., 2016). In addition to these findings, the article also revealed that a knockdown of Mfn2 influenced fertilisation and cleavage rate of oocytes whereby the Mfn2-siRNA group's rate dropped to 61%, a value that was significantly lower than the Cy3-siRNA transfected and untreated groups which had rates of 76% and 77.5% respectively. Furthermore, the knockdown of Mfn2 was also shown to affect oocyte meiosis, such that the microtubules during this process were arranged in a disorderly fashion and also no separated homologous chromosomes were found although the first polar body eduction had already taken place (Liu et al., 2016). It was also revealed that those groups which had low expression of Mfn2 experienced mitochondrial dysfunction in the oocytes (Liu et al., 2016). The article concludes that a reduction in the levels of Mfn2 protein was associated with a reduction in the rates of fertilisation and first polar body extrusion, thus supporting the notion that a knockdown of Mfn2 has the potential to influence the development and quality of oocytes "in vitro" by altering the processes of meiosis and mitochondrial function (Liu et al., 2016).



Mark Hill 18 August 2016 - You have added the citation correctly and written a good brief summary of this very recent article on fertilisation and mitochondrial function. As an aside, mitochondria divide by fission and join together by fusion, these 2 events appear to be independent of the cell cycle mechanisms. Does not affect your assessment, but you seem to like the fiddly HTML text formatting. Assessment 5/5

=

WEEK 2



Sperm entry site and location of male pronucleus[1]




Mark Hill 29 August 2016 - All information Reference, Copyright and Student Image template correctly included with the file and referenced on your page here. Note the reference on your page should have a ref name so that you do not have multiple entries in your reference list as shown below


<ref name="PMID27307516"><pubmed>27307516</pubmed></ref>

Assessment 5/5




Lab 3 Assessment

Mark Hill 31 August 2016 - Lab 3 Assessment Quiz - Mesoderm and Ectoderm development.

Question 5 - maternal diet

Assessment 4.5/5

Assessment 4

Ectoderm and Mesoderm Quiz

1 Which of the following statements are true?

The paraxial mesoderm will form cardiovascular structures such as the heat and GIT strucutes
The intermediate mesoderm will form the body wall
The lateral plate mesoderm will form structures such as the stomach and small intestine
The intermediate mesoderm will form somites

2 What day are the first pair of somites formed and how many pairs of somites are formed altogether

Day 19 and 40 pairs of somites
Day 22 and 43 pairs of somites
Day 21 and 41 pairs of somites
Day 20 and 44 pairs of somites

3 The sclerotome will form:

a single vertebral body and intervertebral disc after being subdivided
Dermatomes across the whole body
Skeletal muscles of the back (erector spinae) as well as those of the thorax and abdomen
The overlying epidermial layer of the skin

4 Which of the following is false:

Neural crest cells will form skin melanocytes
Neural crest cells will form the neural tube
Neural crest cells will form teeth odontoblasts
Neural crest cells will form the pia-arachnoid sheath



Lab 6 (Completed the questionaire)


Lab 7: Genetic mutations in Cleft palate

Question 1: Identify a known genetic mutation that is associated with cleft lip or palate.


Genetic mutation: Mutation is in the Foxf2 gene


Question 2: Identify a recent research article on this gene.


<pubmed>26745863 </pubmed>

Question 3: How does this mutation affect developmental signalling in normal development.


Foxf2 is a gene that is required in the neural crest-derived palatal mesenchyme that is part of the process of normal palatogenesis (development of the palate). It has been found that mutations in this gene will lead to altered patterns of expression of Shh, Ptch1 and Shox 2 genes in the development of palatal shelves in the embryo. In such an instance, inactivation of Foxf2 along with Foxf1 in early neural crest cells resulted in ectopic activation of Fgf18 expression throughout the palatal mesenchyme and dramatic loss of the Shh gene expression throughout the palatal epithelium. In addition, it has been discovered through experiments on mice that those subjects which lacked the Fgf18 gene as a result of Foxf2 mutations seemed to exhibit high penetrance of developing cleft palate [2]. Such associations have also been discovered in humans.

References

  1. <pubmed>27307516</pubmed>
  2. <pubmed>26745863 </pubmed>