User:Z3462166

Lab 1

Lab 1 Attendance

--Z3462166 (talk) 13:17, 14 August 2015 (AEST)

Lab 1 Assessment

Research Article 1

Heat Stress During In Vitro Fertilization Decreases Fertilization Success by Disrupting Anti-Polyspermy Systems of the Oocytes

Sakatani, M. Yamanaka, K. Balboula, AZ. Takenouchi, N. Takahashi, M. December 2, 2014. Wiley Online Library. DOI 10.1002/mrd.22441

Heat stress has previously seen a decrease in fertility in dairy cows, whilst similarly, pregnancy rates in women are recorded to be lowest during the summer season, paving way for the postulation that fertilization may be disrupted due to elevated temperatures. (Sakatani et all, 2014)

3 different experiments were performed to determine the underlying mechanism causing the disruption to fertilization due to increase in temperature. Oocytes and Spermatozoa were exposed to physiological temperatures that mirrored those of mammalian organisms. Oocytes were fertilized at 38.5-41ºC with either no-pre-incubated sperm or 38.5 / 41ºC incubated sperm, to investigate the effected on sperm plasma membrane, viability, and penetration, polyspermy, subsequent development of zygote, and embryonic competence. (Sakatani et all, 2014)

The results showed that at elevated temperatures, percentage of motile sperm were reduced, along with altered transcription due to oxidative stress, resulting in an increase in polyspermy. In addition, the zona pellucida of zygotes was sensitive to pronase digestion during heat stress, and exhibited decreased transcription of gene UCHL1, which played the role of preventing polyspermy. Rates of cell cleave and blastocysts formation were also seen to have reduced. (Sakatani et all, 2014)

Because of the results shown, this study reports that the increase in polyspermy is the most likely cause of the reduced blastocyst formation due to the reduced capability of zygotes at elevated temperatures to develop to the next stage. (Sakatani et all, 2014)

Research Article 2

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Using Sperm Exposed to Cyclophosphamide Reduces Preimplantation Embryo Development and Live Birth after Embryo Transfer (ET)

Johnson, M. Lin, CC. Sukhwani, M. Peters, K. Malik S. Orwig, KE. Feburary 2015. Fertility and Sterility, Volume 103, Issue 2, Pg e4-e5

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent most commonly used to treat cancers with other chemotherapy agents. It’s used to quickly control cancerous diseases but is highly toxic. Sperm banking in those prior to cancer treatment have seen to have more effective Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in In Vitro Fertilization compared to those performing IVF/ICSI after their first dose of chemotherapy. This study tests whether there is correlation between the agent, Cyclophosphamide, and the reduced preimplantation embryo development, birth rate, and genetic integrity of embryos after embryo transfer. (Johnson et all, 2015)

Untreated sperm of adult male B6D2 mice were first collected. They were then administered cyclophosphamide after seven days, and were sacrificed to obtain the treated sperm. Oocytes were collected after controlled ovarian stimulation. Half the oocytes from each female were exposed with Cyclophosphamide exposed sperm and untreated sperm from the same male mice. Embryos were monitored in vitro for 2 days and were then collected for exome sequencing. (Johnson et all, 2015)

Results showed that the average percentage of oocyte survival was 94.8%, whereas for embryos treated with Cyclophosphamide, percentage of survival was significantly lowered to 49%. Birth rates after embryo transfer showed no difference between the two groups but Cyclophosphamide-treated group had lower litter size (0.8 vs 3.8) and pups per embryo transferred (2.7% vs. 14%). (Johnson et all, 2015) This study argues that Cyclophosphamide exposed sperm decreased development in embryo, resulting in lowered numbers of offspring and lower number of offspring survival. Further investigation is needed in order to know the reason and mechanism behind Cyclophosphamide’s influence on male sperm and fertilization. (Johnson et all, 2015)

Lab 2

Lab 2 attendance

--Z3462166 (talk) 13:32, 14 August 2015 (AEST)

=Lab 2 Lab Work

Uploading Images in 5 Easy Steps

First Read the help page Images and Copyright Tutorial. Hint - This exercise is best done by using separate tabs on your browser so that you can keep all the relevant pages easily available. You can also use your own discussion page to copy and paste links, text. PMIDs etc that you will need in this process. Find an image . Search PubMed using an appropriate search term. Note that there is a special library of complete (full online) article and review texts called PubMed Central (PMC). Be very careful, while some of these PMC papers allow reuse, not all do and to add the reference link to your image you will still need to use the PMID. You can also make your own search term. In this link example PMC is searched for images related to "embryo+implantation" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=embryo+implantation&report=imagesdocsum. simply replace "embryo+implantation" with your own search term, but remember not everything in PMC can be reused, you will still need to find the "copyright notice" on the full paper, no notice, no reuse. Where else can I look? BioMed Central is a separate online database of journals that allow reuse of article content. Also look at the local page Journals that provides additional resources. You have found an image, go to step 2. Check the Copyright. I cannot emphasise enough the importance of this second step. The rule is unless there is an obvious copyright statement that clearly allows reuse (there are several different kinds of copyright, some do not) located in the article or on the article page, move on and find another resource. Not complying with this is a serious academic infringement equivalent to plagiarism."Plagiarism at UNSW is defined as using the words or ideas of others and passing them off as your own." (extract from UNSW statement on Academic Honesty and Plagiarism) You have found the statement and it allows reuse, go to step 3. Downloading your image. Download the image to your own computer. Either use the download image on the page or right click the image. To find the downloaded image you may have to look in your computer downloads folder, or the default location for downloaded files. The image file will have its own original name, that you will not be using on the wiki. You can rename it now (see renaming below), but you should also make a note of the original name. Make sure you have everything ready then for the You have the image file on your computer, go to step 4. Uploading your image. First make sure you have all the information you want to use with the file readily available. There is also a detailed description below. Towards the bottom of the lefthand menuunder “Toolbox” click Upload file. This will open a new window. In the top window "Source file", click "Choose file" and then navigate to find the file on the computer. and select the image. If you have done this correctly the upload window will now have your image file shown in choose file and also in the lower window "File description" in "Destination filename:" DO NOT CLICK UPLOAD FILE YET. Rename your file in "Destination filename:" this should be a brief filename that describes the image. Not any of the following - the original file name, image, file, my image, your ZID, etc. Many of the common embryology names may have already been used, but you can add a number (01, 02, 03, etc) or the PMID number to the filename to make it unique. If the filename or image has already been used or exists it will be shown on the upload page. If another student has already uploaded that image you will have to find another file. Duplicated images will not receive a mark, so check before you upload as you cannot delete images. In the "Summary" window for now just paste the PMID. You will come back and edit this information. Now click "Upload image" at the bottom of the window, go to step 4. Edit and Add to your page. Edit - Open the image with the "Edit" tab at the top of its page. You should see the PMID you had pasted earlier in the new edit window. Add the following information to the summary box. Image Title as a sub-heading. Under this title add the original figure legend or your own description of the image. Image Reference sub-sub-heading. Use the PMID link method shown in Lab 1 and you can also have a direct link to the original Journal article. Image Copyright sub-sub-heading. Add the copyright information under this sub-sub-heading exactly as shown in the original paper. Student Image template, as shown here {{Template:Student Image}} to show that it is a student uploaded image. Add - Now add your image to your own page under a subheading for Lab 2 Assessment including a description and a reference link. If still stuck with this last step, look at the example on the Test Student page. Done! Students cannot delete images once uploaded. You will need to email me with the full image name and request deletion, that I am happy to do with no penalty if done before I assess. Non-Table version of this page Stress Relief.... <html5media height="480" width="640">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9Hwn2DOgKo</html5media>

Comparative Anatomy| PMID 23453622

Lab 3

Lab 3 attendance

--Z3462166 (talk) 13:58, 21 August 2015 (AEST)

Diagnosis

| PMID 14615553

References

2015 Course: Week 2 Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lab 1 | Week 3 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lab 2 | Week 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 Lab 3 | Week 5 Lecture 7 Lecture 8 Lab 4 | Week 6 Lecture 9 Lecture 10 Lab 5 | Week 7 Lecture 11 Lecture 12 Lab 6 | Week 8 Lecture 13 Lecture 14 Lab 7 | Week 9 Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lab 8 | Week 10 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Lab 9 | Week 11 Lecture 19 Lecture 20 Lab 10 | Week 12 Lecture 21 Lecture 22 Lab 11 | Week 13 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lab 12 | 2015 Projects: Three Person Embryos | Ovarian Hyper-stimulation Syndrome | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Male Infertility | Oncofertility | Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis | Students | Student Designed Quiz Questions | Moodle page