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ANAT2341 Course Work

--Mark Hill (talk) 20:29, 6 August 2015 (AEST) Thanks for setting up your page. We will be talking more about this in the Practical on Friday.

Lab attendance

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Please do not use your real name on this website, use only your student number.

2015 Course: Week 2 Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lab 1 | Week 3 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lab 2 | Week 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 Lab 3 | Week 5 Lecture 7 Lecture 8 Lab 4 | Week 6 Lecture 9 Lecture 10 Lab 5 | Week 7 Lecture 11 Lecture 12 Lab 6 | Week 8 Lecture 13 Lecture 14 Lab 7 | Week 9 Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lab 8 | Week 10 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Lab 9 | Week 11 Lecture 19 Lecture 20 Lab 10 | Week 12 Lecture 21 Lecture 22 Lab 11 | Week 13 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lab 12 | 2015 Projects: Three Person Embryos | Ovarian Hyper-stimulation Syndrome | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Male Infertility | Oncofertility | Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis | Students | Student Designed Quiz Questions | Moodle page

Glossary Links

Glossary: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | Numbers | Symbols | Term Link

Test Student 2015

Lab 1

Assessment 1: Find two recent research references on fertilisation or in vitro fertilisation and write a summary of the research article method and findings.

PMID 11396377 Clinical Pregnancy Rates in an IVF Program. Use of the flare-up protocol after failure with long regimens of GnRH-a. [1]

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of flare-up protocols in patients who had no response to a long term protocol using GnRH-a. This was measured by the average number of oocytes obtained, successfully fertilised and implanted and the pregnancy rate and birth rate per cycle.

Method:

Restrospective study

Total number of patients: 144

Group 1: 111 patients; these individuals had not responded to ovulation engagement after receiving the long protocol (GnRH-a down-regulation).

Group 2: 33 patients; these individuals had responded to ovulation engagement, producing at least four follicles; but failed to conceive after embryo transfer.

Average age of patients: 37.3 +/- 3.9 years (range, 28-43) and 36.5 +/- 3.7 (range, 24-44).

Within six months of failing with a long-term protocol, patients underwent a flare-up protocol using GnRH-a on day two and received at least six ampules of gonadotropins on day three. Fewer than three developing follicles on day 7, with an estradiol level < 200 pg/mL was defined as unresponsive. Patients with FSH levels >15IU/mL on day two, before GnRH-a initiation were excluded from the flare-up protocol.


Results:

Group 1: Of the 111 patients in group 1, 36.9% were unresponsive even after an increase in the dose of gonadotropins. In the remaining 60.4%, an average of 7.2 +/- 2.3 oocytes were obtained. Embryo transfer was performed on 64 patients and an average of 3.2+/- 0.6 embryos were transferred and fertilised. Fertilisation did not occur in the 3 remaining patients. Within the 64 patients with successful embryo transfer, 11 patients conceived, 8 patients miscarried and 3 gave birth. Therefore, Group 1 had a pregnancy rate per cycle of 9.9% and a birth rate of 2.5%.

Group 2: In 28 patients, the average number of oocytes obtained was 6.9+/- 3.9. Embryo transfer was performed on these 28 patients, and the average number of embryos transferred was 2.7+/- 1.0. Within this group of 28 patients with successful fertilisation, 6 patients conceived and 6 patients miscarried. Therefore, Group 2 had a pregnancy rate per cycle of 18.1% with no live births.

From these results, the researchers found that although the pregnancy rate per cycle increased slightly after the flare-up protocol was initiated, the live birth rate does not improve among poor responders to the flare-up protocol.


PMID 26264981 Aging-related premature luteinization of granulosa cells is avoided by early oocyte retrieval. [2]

This study compared the grnaulosa cell function across three different age groups; young oocyte donors (21-29 y.o.a) middle aged oocyte donors (30-37 y.o.a) and older infertile patients (43-47 y.o.a).

Methods:

Total Number of Patients: 136

Group 1: ages 21-29; 31 patients

Group 2: ages 30-37; 64 patients

Group 3: ages 43-47; 41 patients

All subjects underwent controlled hyperstimulation and oocyte maturation, followed by a transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval. Oocyte donors were stimulated in a long gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist cycle and infertile patients were stimulated in microdose agonist cycles. Oocytes collected at retrievals were cultured and those classified as mature (presence of 1 polar body) were fertilised and further cultured in Blastocyst medium for three days. Real time PCR and western blot in the granulosa cells collected from follicular fluid were used to analyse the relationship between gene expression and gonadotropin activity, steriodogenesis, apoptosis and luteinization.

Results:

It was demonstrated by a down regulation of "FSH receptor (FSHR), aromatase (CYP19A1) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B) expression" and an up regulation of "LH receptor (LHCGR), P450scc (CYP11A1) and progesterone receptor (PGR)" with increasing age of patients that age related functional decline in granulosa cells were consistent with premature luteinization. Patients who received earlier retrieval to avoid premature luteinization demonstrated a marginal increase in oocyte prematurity, however, exhibited improved embryo numbers and quality as well as satisfactory clinical pregnancy rates.

From these results, the researches concluded that earlier retrieval of oocytes can be utilised to avoid premature follicular luteinzation, which is a key contributor to the rapidly declining successful IVF results in women over 43.

Lab 2 Images

Uploading Images in 5 Easy Steps  
First Read the help page Images and Copyright Tutorial.
Hint - This exercise is best done by using separate tabs on your browser so that you can keep all the relevant pages easily available. You can also use your own discussion page to copy and paste links, text. PMIDs etc that you will need in this process.
  1. Find an image .
    1. Search PubMed using an appropriate search term. Note that there is a special library of complete (full online) article and review texts called PubMed Central (PMC). Be very careful, while some of these PMC papers allow reuse, not all do and to add the reference link to your image you will still need to use the PMID.
    2. You can also make your own search term. In this link example PMC is searched for images related to "embryo+implantation" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=embryo+implantation&report=imagesdocsum. simply replace "embryo+implantation" with your own search term, but remember not everything in PMC can be reused, you will still need to find the "copyright notice" on the full paper, no notice, no reuse.
    3. Where else can I look? BioMed Central is a separate online database of journals that allow reuse of article content. Also look at the local page Journals that provides additional resources.
    4. You have found an image, go to step 2.
  2. Check the Copyright. I cannot emphasise enough the importance of this second step.
    1. The rule is unless there is an obvious copyright statement that clearly allows reuse (there are several different kinds of copyright, some do not) located in the article or on the article page, move on and find another resource. Not complying with this is a serious academic infringement equivalent to plagiarism."Plagiarism at UNSW is defined as using the words or ideas of others and passing them off as your own." (extract from UNSW statement on Academic Honesty and Plagiarism)
    2. You have found the statement and it allows reuse, go to step 3.
  3. Downloading your image.
    1. Download the image to your own computer. Either use the download image on the page or right click the image.
    2. To find the downloaded image you may have to look in your computer downloads folder, or the default location for downloaded files.
    3. The image file will have its own original name, that you will not be using on the wiki. You can rename it now (see renaming below), but you should also make a note of the original name.
    4. Make sure you have everything ready then for the
    5. You have the image file on your computer, go to step 4.
  4. Uploading your image.
    1. First make sure you have all the information you want to use with the file readily available. There is also a detailed description below.
    2. Towards the bottom of the lefthand menuunder “Toolbox” click Upload file. This will open a new window.
    3. In the top window "Source file", click "Choose file" and then navigate to find the file on the computer. and select the image.
    4. If you have done this correctly the upload window will now have your image file shown in choose file and also in the lower window "File description" in "Destination filename:" DO NOT CLICK UPLOAD FILE YET.
    5. Rename your file in "Destination filename:" this should be a brief filename that describes the image. Not any of the following - the original file name, image, file, my image, your ZID, etc. Many of the common embryology names may have already been used, but you can add a number (01, 02, 03, etc) or the PMID number to the filename to make it unique.
    6. If the filename or image has already been used or exists it will be shown on the upload page. If another student has already uploaded that image you will have to find another file. Duplicated images will not receive a mark, so check before you upload as you cannot delete images.
    7. In the "Summary" window for now just paste the PMID. You will come back and edit this information.
    8. Now click "Upload image" at the bottom of the window, go to step 4.
  5. Edit and Add to your page.
    1. Edit - Open the image with the "Edit" tab at the top of its page. You should see the PMID you had pasted earlier in the new edit window. Add the following information to the summary box.
      1. Image Title as a sub-heading. Under this title add the original figure legend or your own description of the image.
      2. Image Reference sub-sub-heading. Use the PMID link method shown in Lab 1 and you can also have a direct link to the original Journal article.
      3. Image Copyright sub-sub-heading. Add the copyright information under this sub-sub-heading exactly as shown in the original paper.
      4. Student Image template, as shown here {{Template:Student Image}} to show that it is a student uploaded image.
    2. Add - Now add your image to your own page under a subheading for Lab 2 Assessment including a description and a reference link. If still stuck with this last step, look at the example on the Test Student page.
    3. Done!

Students cannot delete images once uploaded. You will need to email me with the full image name and request deletion, that I am happy to do with no penalty if done before I assess.

Non-Table version of this page

Stress Relief....

<html5media height="480" width="640">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9Hwn2DOgKo</html5media>

Syrian Hamster In Vitro Fertilisation PMID- 24852961.jpeg

Syrian Hamster In Vitro Fertilisation PMID- 24852961[3]

Lab 3

Research articles associated with male infertility in humans.

1. Aydos SE, Karadağ A, Özkan T, Altınok B, Bunsuz M, Heidargholizadeh S, Aydos K, Sunguroğlu A. Association of MDR1 C3435T and C1236T single nucleotide polymorphisms with male factor infertility. PMID 26125837

2. V. A. Giagulli, Carbone, G. De Pergola, E. Guastamacchia, F. Resta, B. Licchelli, C. Sabbà, and V. Triggiani Could androgen receptor gene CAG tract polymorphism affect spermatogenesis in men with idiopathic infertility? PMID 24691874

3. Lazaros L, Xita N, Takenaka A, Sofikitis N, Makrydimas G, Stefos T, Kosmas I, Zikopoulos K, Hatzi E, Georgiou I. Semen quality is influenced by androgen receptor and aromatase gene synergism. PMID 23001776


References

PMID 26244658

look at this[4]

Here's the list

  1. <pubmed>11396377</pubmed>
  2. <pubmed>26264981</pubmed>
  3. <pubmed>24852961</pubmed>| [1]
  4. <pubmed>26244658</pubmed>