User:Z3460148

From Embryology
Student Information (expand to read)  
Individual Assessments
Mark Hill.jpg

Please leave this template on top of your student page as I will add your assessment items here.

Beginning your online work - Working Online in this course

  1. Make your own page.
    1. Log-in to the embryology website using your student ID and Zpass.
    2. Click your student number (shown in red at the top right of the screen following log-in)
    3. Create page using the tab at the top of the page, and save.
  2. Add the following to the top of your page exactly as shown - {{ANAT2341Student2016}}
  3. How would you identify your Type in a group and add to your page.
  4. What was the most interesting thing you learnt in the fertilisation lecture?


If you have done the above correctly your ZID should be blue and not red on this page link - ANAT2341 2016 Students.


Here is the example page I made in Lab 1 Student Page. With a few more explanatory notes.

Click here to email Dr Mark Hill

Editing Links: Editing Basics | Images | Tables | Referencing | Journal Searches | Copyright | Font Colours | Virtual Slide Permalink | My Preferences | One Page Wiki Card | Printing | Movies | Language Translation | Student Movies | Using OpenOffice | Internet Browsers | Moodle | Navigation/Contribution | Term Link | Short URLs | 2018 Test Student
Lab 1 Assessment - Researching a Topic
In the lab I showed you how to find the PubMed reference database and search it using a topic word. Lab 1 assessment will be for you to use this to find a research reference on "fertilization" and write a brief summary of the main finding of the paper.
  1. Add a new Sub-heading "Lab 1 Assessment" (without the quotes).
  2. Search the database for a reference on "fertilisation" published in the last 5 years.
    1. It must be a research article not a Review.
    2. The full paper must be available online, not just the abstract.
  3. Add a link to this reference using its PMID using this code <pubmed>XXXXX</pubmed> replacing the Xs with just the PMID number (no text).
  4. Under the reference write a short summary of the papers main findings.
    1. Only 1-2 paragraphs.
    2. Must not be a copy of the paper abstract.
  5. Save and you are done.

PubMed logo.gif

Lab 2 Assessment - Uploading an Image
  1. Upload a research image using the guide information below. The image uploaded for your individual assessment can relate to your project or from fertilisation to week 3 of development (upload only a single image).
  2. Add that image to your own individual page (see Images) including an image title and its reference link.
  3. No two students should upload the same image, check new images before you upload.
  4. No student can delete an image once uploaded, please contact me by email with the image address and I will delete (with no penalty, just glad to help out).


2016 Group Project Topic - Signaling in Development

OK you are now in a group

  1. Go to the blank group page and add a topic that interests you along with your student signature.
  2. No two groups can do the same topic, but at this stage the final topic has not yet been decided (next week).

Initially the topic can be as specific or as broad as you want.


Chicken embryo E-cad and P-cad gastrulation.png

Chicken embryo E-cad and P-cad gastrulation[1]

References

  1. <pubmed>27097030</pubmed>
Lab 4 Assessment - GIT Quiz

ANAT2341 Quiz Example | Category:Quiz | ANAT2341 Student 2015 Quiz Questions |

Design 4 quiz questions based upon gastrointestinal tract. Add the quiz to your own page under Lab 4 assessment and provide a sub-sub-heading on the topic of the quiz.

An example is shown below (open this page in view code or edit mode). Note that it is not just how you ask the question, but also how you explain the correct answer.

Lab 5 Assessment - Course Review
Complete the course review questionnaire and add the fact you have completed to your student page.
Lab 6 Assessment - Cleft Lip and Palate
  1. Identify a known genetic mutation that is associated with cleft lip or palate.
  2. Identify a recent research article on this gene.
  3. How does this mutation affect developmental signalling in normal development.
Lab 7 Assessment - Muscular Dystrophy
  1. What is/are the dystrophin mutation(s)?
  2. What is the function of dystrophin?
  3. What other tissues/organs are affected by this disorder?
  4. What therapies exist for DMD?
  5. What animal models are available for muscular dystrophy?
Lab 8 Assessment - Quiz
A brief quiz was held in the practical class on urogenital development.
Lab 9 Assessment - Peer Assessment
  • This will form part of your individual assessment for the course.
  • Each student should now look at each of the other Group projects in the class.
  • Next prepare a critical assessment (should include both positive and negative issues) of each project using the project group assessment criteria.
  • This assessment should be pasted without signature on the top of the specific project's discussion page. (minimum length 3-5 paragraphs/project)
  • This critical assessment should also be pasted on your own student page.
  • Each student should therefore have 5 separate reports pasted on their own page for this assessment item.
  • Length, quality and accuracy of your reports will be part of the overall mark for this assessment.
    • there will be a greater loading on this than simple question assessments.
Lab 10 Assessment - Stem Cells
As part of the assessment for this course, you will give a 15 minutes journal club presentation in Lab 10. For this you will in your current student group discuss a recent (published after 2011) original research article (not a review!) on stem cell biology or technology.
Lab 10 - Stem Cell Presentations 2016
Group Mark Assessor General Comments

Group 1: 15/20

Group 2: 19/20

Group 3: 20/20

Group 4: 19/20

Group 5: 16/20

Group 6: 16/20

The students put great effort in their presentation and we heard a nice variety of studies in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine today. The interaction after the presentation was great.

As general feedback I would like to advise students to:

  • Never discuss M&M as a separate section in journal clubs. I gave this advice prior to the lab, but still most groups did talk through the M&M section.
  • Do not use your slides as cheat sheets, avoid text on slides, know what messages you need to get across, use images to illustrate these
  • Engage with your slides. Talk through them. Point at panels. Gauge your audience’s understanding by making eye contact with them
  • Avoid using abbreviations. Most people do not readily understand these and will lose track
Lab 11 Assessment - Heart Development
Read the following recent review article on heart repair and from the reference list identify a cited research article and write a brief summary of the paper's main findings. Then describe how the original research result was used in the review article.

<pubmed>26932668</pubmed>Development

ANAT2341Lectures - Textbook chapters  
Lecture (Timetable) Textbook - The Developing Human Textbook - Larsen's Human Embryology
Embryology Introduction Introduction to the Developing Human
Fertilization First Week of Human Development Gametogenesis, Fertilization, and First Week
Week 1 and 2 Second Week of Human Development Second Week: Becoming Bilaminar and Fully Implanting
Week 3 Third Week of Human Development Third Week: Becoming Trilaminar and Establishing Body Axes
Mesoderm Fourth to Eighth Weeks of Human Development Fourth Week: Forming the Embryo
Ectoderm Nervous System Development of the Central Nervous System
Early Vascular Cardiovascular System Development of the Vasculature
Placenta Placenta and Fetal Membranes Development of the Vasculature
Endoderm - GIT Alimentary System Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Respiratory Respiratory System Development of the Respiratory System and Body Cavities
Head Pharyngeal Apparatus, Face, and Neck Development of the Pharyngeal Apparatus and Face
Neural Crest Nervous System Development of the Peripheral Nervous System
Musculoskeletal Muscular System Development of the Musculoskeletal System
Limb Development of Limbs Development of the Limbs
Renal Urogenital System Development of the Urinary System
Genital Urogenital System Development of the Urinary System
Stem Cells
Integumentary Integumentary System Development of the Skin and Its Derivatives
Endocrine Covered through various chapters (see also alternate text), read head and neck, neural crest and renal chapters.
Endocrinology Textbook - Chapter Titles  
Nussey S. and Whitehead S. Endocrinology: An Integrated Approach (2001) Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers; ISBN-10: 1-85996-252-1.

Full Table of Contents

Heart Cardiovascular System Development of the Heart
Sensory Development of Eyes and Ears Development of the Eyes
Fetal Fetal Period Fetal Development and the Fetus as Patient
Birth and Revision
Additional Textbook Content - The following concepts also form part of the theory material covered throughout the course.
  1. Principles and Mechanisms of Morphogenesis and Dysmorphogenesis
  2. Common Signaling Pathways Used During Development
  3. Human Birth Defect
ANAT2341 Course Timetable  
Week (Mon) Lecture 1 (Mon 1-2pm) Lecture 2 (Tue 3-4pm) Practical (Fri 1-3pm)
Week 2 (1 Aug) Introduction Fertilization Lab 1
Week 3 (8 Aug) Week 1 and 2 Week 3 Lab 2
Week 4 (15 Aug) Mesoderm Ectoderm Lab 3
Week 5 (22 Aug) Early Vascular Placenta Lab 4
Week 6 (29 Aug) Gastrointestinal Respiratory Lab 5
Week 7 (5 Sep) Head Neural Crest Lab 6
Week 8 (12 Sep) Musculoskeletal Limb Development Lab 7
Week 9 (19 Sep) Renal Genital Lab 8
Mid-semester break
Week 10 (3 Oct) Public Holiday Stem Cells Lab 9
Week 11 (10 Oct) Integumentary Endocrine Lab 10
Week 12 (17 Oct) Heart Sensory Lab 11
Week 13 (24 Oct) Fetal Birth and Revision Lab 12

ANAT2341 2016: Moodle page | ECHO360 | Textbooks | Students 2016 | Projects 2016

Group Work

Resource Investigator

The Resource Investigator gives a team a rush of enthusiasm at the start of the project by vigorously pursuing contacts and opportunities. He or she is focused outside the team, and has a finger firmly on the pulse of the outside world. Where a Plant creates new ideas, a Resource Investigator will quite happily appropriate them from other companies or people. A good Resource Investigator is a maker of possibilities and an excellent Connector (social)|networker, but has a tendency to lose momentum towards the end of a project and to forget small details.

Co-ordinator

A co-ordinator is a likely candidate for the chairperson of a team, since they have a talent for stepping back to see the big picture. Co-ordinators are confident, stable and mature and because they recognise abilities in others, they are very good at delegating tasks to the right person for the job. The co-ordinator clarifies decisions, helping everyone else focus on their tasks. Co-ordinators are sometimes perceived to be manipulative and will tend to delegate all work, leaving nothing but the delegating for them to do.

Lecture 1: Fertilization

The most interesting part of the lecture was learning about the abnormalities that can occur, although they are unfortunate eventes, it is interesting to learn how this occurs and the different outcomes

Mark Hill 4 August 2016 - Thank you for adding this content before tomorrows lab. Also, if you look at the History tab (under the pencil in the top menu) you can see how every page edit is logged. Note that page History cannot be edited or deleted. It also means that no-one can edit your page without you knowing.

Lab Attendance

Lab 1

Z3460148 (talk) 14:35, 5 August 2016 (AEST)

Lab 2

Z3460148 (talk) 14:42, 12 August 2016 (AEST)

Lab 3

Z3460148 (talk) 13:15, 19 August 2016 (AEST)

Lab 4

Z3460148 (talk) 14:54, 26 August 2016 (AEST)

Lab 5

Z3460148 (talk) 13:07, 2 September 2016 (AEST)

Lab 6

Z3460148 (talk) 13:09, 9 September 2016 (AEST)

Lab 7

Z3460148 (talk) 14:04, 16 September 2016 (AEST)

New Sub Heading

Google

Internal Link

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/ANAT2341_Lab_1 - as a whole ink

Lab 1 - as a hidden link with a chosen name

ANAT2341_Lab_1 - no link with a chosen name

  • Different ways to link things

Referencing

Fertilization

PMID 27486480

http://molecularcytogenetics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13039-016-0269-1

Lab 1 Assessment

<pubmed>25884390</pubmed>

The paper explores the possibility of pregnancy at a later age in life using in vitro fertilisation. The purpose of study was to provide the opportunity to have a child later in life, due to the interruptions and commitments that may prevent pregnancy from occurring at an earlier age. The study aimed to determine whether dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) decreases the age-related decline of the in vitro fertilization outcome in women younger than 40 years old. It acts as an anti-ageing property to pregnancy. The main finding of the experiment was that women experienced higher pregnancy rates and lower miscarriage rates. 109 women participated in the trial and were between 36-40 years old. One group received 75 mg of DHEA once a day, while the women in the second group (control group) received a placebo for a total of 8 weeks. They then underwent IVF treatment. 22 women in the first group became pregnant and all the births were successful and no miscarriages occurred. However, the control group had 18 pregnancies, however 5 of those ended in miscarriages. The other 13 pregnancies resulted in normal births. Thus it can be concluded that the DHEA had an effect on pregnancy and resulted in higher live birth rates and lower miscarriage rates. Thus DHEA has been proven to assist and increase the probability of live births and decreasing the chance of miscarriage in women, allowing pregnancy to occur at a late stage in life.


Mark Hill 18 August 2016 - You have added a citation correctly, but it does not match the paper summary you have provided. You should check your work and have noticed that the title did not match. Please fix this before I can provide a full assessment. Assessment ??


Lab 2 Assessment

Mechanism of Fertilization.jpg

Reference: Mechanism of Fertilization[1]

  1. <pubmed>25851662</pubmed>


Mark Hill 29 August 2016 - All information Reference, Copyright and Student Image template correctly included with the file and referenced on your page here. Assessment 5/5


Mark Hill 31 August 2016 - Lab 3 Assessment Quiz - Mesoderm and Ectoderm development.

Question 2 - paraxial

Question 3 - brain vesicles

Question 5 - maternal diet

Assessment 2.5/5

Lab 4 Assessment

Gastrointestinal Tract Quiz

1 The Ectoderm, in the germ layer, contributes to which of the following :

Epithelium
Smooth Muscle
Blood Vessels
Enteric Nervous System

2 Meckel's Diverticulum is quite common, which of the following represents the closest value to its occurrence:

0-0.5%
1-2%
5-10%
20%+

3 Which of the following occurs as a result of a lack of enteric nervous system:

Intestinal Aganglionosis
Stenosis
Intestinal Malrotation
Atresia

4 Which of the following statements are not true:

  • A: The mesoderm undergoes segmentation to form paraxial, intermediate mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm
  • B: Paraxial mesoderm segments into somites
  • C: The 3 major body cavities are the pericardial, pharynx and peritoneal cavities
  • D: Most of the GI tract will eventually lie within the peritoneal cavity

A
B
C
D


Lab 5 Assessment

Survey completed

Lab 6 Assessment

Identify a known genetic mutation that is associated with cleft lip or palate. T-box transcription factor-22 is associated with cleft palate

Identify a recent research article on this gene. Reference: Genetic Mutations of Cleft Lip and Palate [1]

  1. <pubmed>22438645 </pubmed>

How does this mutation affect developmental signalling in normal development The genetic mutation is linked to the X chromosome (CPX). The mutation is expressed as cleft palate and ankyloglossia (tongue-tie). The expression in males differs to females. In males, high-arched palate, bifid uvula, or ankyloglossia can be seen, while in females they may express the CPX mutation in whole.

Lab 7 Assessment

1. What is/are the dystrophin mutation(s)?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by a mutation of the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome . There are over 1000 gene mutations that can result in DMD. The gene codes for skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles and as a result, the mutation causes muscle weakness and cardiorespiratory complications leading to premature death. It is confirmed in the individual through muscle biopsy or genetic testing. The extent of its nature is important to determine as it allows genetic counseling and individualised treatment. The majority of the cases involving DMD are males due to the genes recessive nature.

2. What is the function of dystrophin?

The purpose of dystrophin in the body is related to skeletal muscle. It acts to strengthen the existing muscle fibers and prevent damage from occurring, since the muscles are constantly contracting and relaxing. Dystrophin acts as a supportive complex to the cytoskeleton of the muscles, consisting of a protein lattice located on the exterior of the cells. Another function of the dystrophin complex is related to nerve cells. It allows normal functioning of the nerve synapses as well as maintaining its structure, thus allowing communication between cells to work efficiently.

3. What other tissues/organs are affected by this disorder?

The mutation affects many muscles including the shoulders, legs and arms, leading to fatigue in the individual and inability to perform everyday tasks effeciently, for example, climbing a flight of stairs. It can cause contracture, that is, tightening the joints and tendons, especially in the ankles, limiting the range of motion. Scoliosis can also occur which appears as a curved spine, this could then impact upper body functioning, such as causing breathing difficulties. DMD can also affect brain functioning, which in turn affects speech and cognitive functioning. Also, heart problems can occur as the cardiac muscle begins to falter.

4. What therapies exist for DMD?

Although there is no cure for DMD, there are several strategies in place to reduce its full impact. Physiotherapy is an option in place to strengthen the weakened muscles. Splints can be used, especially in the legs to maintain stretching of the muscles. Speech therapy can be utilised as soon as a speech disorder is detected to improve and prevent the individual from getting worse. Steroids have been proven to delay DMD from progressing at its actual speed. However, if steroids are used, the diet needs to be monitored to ensure weight is being maintained. A non-invasive ventilation machine can be used to assist breathing in the individual, especially while sleeping. Surgery can be implemented if contracture has occurred to loosen the joints and allow a larger range of motion. Surgery on the spine can also occur if the individual has scoliosis. A metal rod can be implanted to straighten the spine and prevent further curving.

5. What animal models are available for muscular dystrophy?

MDX mice are a widely used animal model to determine the effects of DMD. The results of the mice can then be tested on a large scale animal.

<pubmed>27524897</pubmed></ref>

<pubmed>27594988</pubmed></ref>

https://www.duchennefoundation.org.au/understanding-duchenne/duchenne-muscular-dystrophy/what-dmd/