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==Lab 8 Assessment==
==Lab 8 Assessment==
'''Vision'''


Overall the detail within Group 1's page is very informative and very well set out, having each individual part of the eye named with information about the development of that certain feature is great. I would recommend having developmental pictures that you have placed at the beginning of the page places around the block of writing in the iris, lens, and chamber area just to break up the text. The History section, as they stated has more to come, and I hope there is more to come for the current research as well.
I feel that the images, while being hand drawn, were not sufficient enough to communicate the full detail of the developmental process and there were not enough references to validate the statements that were made.
Overall however it was a very well written project with a well thought out progression from introduction to finish.


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>

Revision as of 21:35, 25 September 2012

Lab Attendance

Lab 1 --Z3374173 11:49, 25 July 2012 (EST)

Lab 2 --Z3374173 10:05, 1 August 2012 (EST)

Lab 3 --Z3374173 10:09, 8 August 2012 (EST)

Lab 4 --Z3374173 10:17, 15 August 2012 (EST)

Lab 5 --Z3374173 10:05, 22 August 2012 (EST)

Lab 6 --Z3374173 10:09, 29 August 2012 (EST)

Lab 7 --Z3374173 10:21, 12 September 2012 (EST)

Lab 8 --Z3374173 10:05, 19 September 2012 (EST)

Lab 1 Assessment

Part 1

The first successful In Vitro Fertilisation occured in 1973, at Monash University, though it lasted only a few days. In 1977 the first IVF baby would be conceived, with Louise Brown as the first human ever to be born using the method of IVF in 1978. Later on in years Robert G. Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with his development of the technology.

Part 2

Improved implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates after single-embryo transfer with an optimized protocol for in vitro oocyte maturation in women with polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome

This paper's objectives was to find an optimal way for oocyte in vitro maturation that would improve the implantation and successfulness of the pregnancy for women that have/had Polycyctic Ovary Syndrome. Using FSH priming, larger sized follicles, hormone therapy and blastocyst stage transfers, they found that the maturation and implantation rates were improved compared to that of previous studies, and that it compares to that of IVF of women without Polycyctic Ovary Syndrome. 29 pregnancies were resultant of the IVM and 28 live births occurred. There was one loss as it was an ectopic pregnacy, and there was no congenital birth defects. [1] Journal Article

Lab 2 Assessment

Part 1

Critical stages of the development of the primitive streak in the chick embryo..png

Part 2

Oct-4 is a protein that is important for pre-implantation development as well as being a necessary part in endoderm formation. Without Oct-4 the endoderm would not form properly and cause problematic repercussions. [2]

Lab 3 Assessment

Part 1

Gestational age is a term most commonly used to describe at how far along the pregnancy is. This is usually determined by measuring the size of the thigh, head and abdomen of the fetus. Described from the first day of last menstrual cycle to the current date in weeks. [3] This compared to Post-fertilization age which describes the approximate point at which the ovum was fertilized. Usually it occurs two weeks after the menstrual period and is calculated by deducting two weeks off the Gestational age. Gestational age is used in clinical areas because it is measured by size of limbs and development of the fetus, this would allow a better understanding of the development of the fetus but also the development of the placenta and surrounding tissues. As the Gestational stage is measured from the first day of the last menstrual cycle, the whole process of the ovum being released from the ovary as well as fertilized is included within the age, as is the cycles of the endometrium of the uterus. Rather than having an age that excludes these important processes that happen for total conception.

Part 2

Part of each somite goes onto forming skeletal muscle, a dermis of the skin and a vertebra cartilage.[4] They can also form the limbs and abdominal wall.

Lab 4 Assessment

Part 1

Amniocentesis involves taking a small sample of amniotic fluid from the amniotic cavity and the DNA is scanned for any abnormalities that could have arisen. Usually it is taken with the use of a ultra-sound device for guidance into the sack from the abdominal wall. The from the fluid, cells are extracted and grown as a culture. Using this technique it is possible to find abnormalities such as Downs Syndrome, Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18, Neural tube defects as well as developmental issues such as abnormalities that may lead to infant respiratory distress syndrome. Chorionic Villus Sampling is used to determine if there are any chromosomal abnormalities or any genetic disorders within the growing fetus. It is done by sampling and then testing the placental tissue, the chorionic villus. [5]

Part 2

Conversion of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wharton's Jelly to Dopaminergic Neurons In Vitro: Potential Therapeutic Application for Parkinsonism

In this study, mescenchimal cells were taken from the Wharton's Jelly of the Umbilical cord and transplanted, after being properly cultured, into the striatum of rats that had previously been made Parkinonism. The results that were found, show that the it can help with the rebuilding of the cells. [6] As Parkinson's disease is one that effects the mind not the body, its sufferers usually last a lot longer than that of other diseases. Consequences of these mean that the drugs that used to help with this become ineffective as the years roll on and then are rendered useless. These findings could help in the future with relief from this disease. However, in this study, and many others, ethical and technical issues arise from obtaining the samples and graft tissues used in this type of technique.

Lab 7 Assessment

Part 1

(a)A Muscle Satellite Cell is a mononucliated cell that lies within the basement membrane of a striated muscle fiber, it is able to regenerate quickly and contributes to myoblasts for growth, repair and regeneration and is also the stem cells of which skeletal muscles originate from. [7] [8] [9]

(b)Satellite cells are usually activated after an injury or exercise, in which various mediators are released to activate them so they are able to supply extra nuclei to the muscle fibers otherwise cell death would occur. Insulin-like Growth Factor-I, IGF-I has been implicated to be involved with the activation of these cells [10] as has Nitric Oxide [11]

I'm not quite sure what the questions asking actually.

Part 2

After nerve damage or complete loss of motor control of a muscle, the muscle fiber begins to decrease in size and ability. Both type-I and type-II decrease and show signs of atrophy, If complete loss of nerve impulse to the muscle, the muscle goes into permanant flaccid peralisis and atrophies, soon the muscle can turn to connective tissue. Usually there is a change within the first 14 days, a decrease of 16%-39% in muscle fiber weight. [12]

Lab 8 Assessment

Vision

Overall the detail within Group 1's page is very informative and very well set out, having each individual part of the eye named with information about the development of that certain feature is great. I would recommend having developmental pictures that you have placed at the beginning of the page places around the block of writing in the iris, lens, and chamber area just to break up the text. The History section, as they stated has more to come, and I hope there is more to come for the current research as well. I feel that the images, while being hand drawn, were not sufficient enough to communicate the full detail of the developmental process and there were not enough references to validate the statements that were made. Overall however it was a very well written project with a well thought out progression from introduction to finish.

References

  1. Stephen M. Junk, Ph.D., Doreen Yeap, M.B.B.S., F.R.A.N.Z.C.O.G. Improved implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates after single-embryo transfer with an optimized protocol for in vitro oocyte maturation in women with polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome Fertility and Sterility: 2012 Journal Article
  2. Szczepańska K, Stańczuk L, Maleszewski M. Oct4 protein remains in trophectoderm until late stages of mouse blastocyst development. Reproductive Biology:2011 Jul;11(2):145-56. Article
  3. Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Gestational age Medline Plus [1]
  4. Richard L. Drake et al. Gray's Anatomy For Students 2nd ed. pg35
  5. <pubmed>16533654</pubmed>
  6. Yu-Show Fu Et Al Conversion of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wharton's Jelly to Dopaminergic Neurons In Vitro: Potential Therapeutic Application for Parkinsonism Stem Cells: Volume 24, Issue 1, pages 115-124 [2]
  7. Juergen Scharner Et Al The muscle satellite cell at 50: the formative years Skeletal Muscle 2011, 1:28 [3]
  8. Judy E. Anderson The satellite cell as a companion in skeletal muscle plasticity: currency,conveyance, clue, connector and colander The Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 2276-2292 [4]
  9. Ashley L Siegel1 Et Al Muscle satellite cell proliferation and association: new insights from myofiber time-lapse imaging Skeletal Muscle 2011, 1:7 [5]
  10. Maria Hill,1 A Wernig,2 and G Goldspink1 Muscle satellite (stem) cell activation during local tissue injury and repair Journal of Anatomy. 2003 July; 203(1): 89–99. [6]
  11. Judy E. Anderson The satellite cell as a companion in skeletal muscle plasticity: currency,conveyance, clue, connector and colander The Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 2276-2292 [7]
  12. Myoung-Ae Choe, Kyung Hwa Kim, Gyeong Ju An, Kyung-Sook Lee and Margaret Heitkemper Hindlimb Muscle Atrophy Occurs From Peripheral Nerve Damage in a Rat Neuropathic Pain Model Biological Research for Nursing 2011 13: 44 [8]