User:Z3374116

From Embryology
Revision as of 12:51, 8 October 2014 by Z3374116 (talk | contribs)

Welcome to the 2014 Embryology Course!

Links: Timetable | How to work online | One page Wiki Reference Card | Moodle
  • Each week the individual assessment questions will be displayed in the practical class pages and also added here.
  • Copy the assessment items to your own page and provide your answer.
  • Note - Some guest assessments may require completion of a worksheet that will be handed in in class with your student name and ID.
Individual Lab Assessment
  1. Lab 1 Assessment - Fertilization References
  2. Lab 2 Assessment - Uploading a Research Image
  3. Lab 3 Assessment - Researching your Project Sub-Heading
  4. Lab 4 Assessment - Cord Stem Cells
  5. Lab 5 Assessment - Abnormalities
  6. Lab 6 Assessment - Group Work (As announced in the lecture, No individual assessment item for this Lab, but I do expect you to have added content to your Group project by tomorrow's Lab.)
  7. Lab 7 Assessment - Endocrine+Teeth
  8. Lab 8 - Genital
  9. Lab 9 - Peer Assessment
  10. Lab 10 - Sensory Development
  11. Lab 11 - Stem Cells
  12. Lab 12 - Stem Cells Presentation (see preparation information)
Lab 12 - Stem Cell Presentation Assessment More Info
Group Comment Mark (10)
1/8
  • Lots of effort to place article in larger context
  • Slide lay out could be improved: lots of empty space, use larger images and talk through them
  • Results presentation a bit convoluted. Try to finish discussion of each experiment with a clear conclusion.
  • Repetition of information towards the end
  • One presenter had an unprofessional style of presentation
7
2
  • Good well-structured presentation
  • Good introduction
  • Methods discussed separately. Try to avoid this, and incorporate in discussion of experiments. Not sure if technology was understood very well.
7.5
3
  • Good well-structured presentation
  • Do not discuss methods as a separate section
  • Discussion of results not always very clear, comprehension?
7.5
4
  • Good well-structured presentation
  • Lots of text on slides, improve talking through images, blow up images
  • Good discussion
8.5
5
  • Good well-structured presentation, amount of text on slides relatively good.
  • Figures too small, discussion bit convoluted
  • Slightly over time
8.5
6
  • Good comprehension and well-structured presentation.
  • Too much text on slides
  • Experiments discussed in a lot of detail. Try to be more concise and discuss aim of experiment, approach, summarize results, conclude.
  • No talking through figures
8.5
7
  • Good well-structured presentation, great introduction, inclusion of images in presentation done relatively well.
  • Methods discussed separately. Incorporate methods in discussion of the experiments in the results section.
  • Try not to depend too much on text on your slides
  • Talking through results images was not very clear, comprehension?
7.5
More Useful Links
Student Projects
Group 1 Respiratory User:Z3330991 User:Z3332339 User:Z3333429 User:Z3372817
Group 2 Renal User:Z3463310 User:Z3465141 User:Z3465654 User:Z5030311
Group 3 Gastrointestinal User:Z3414515 User:Z3375627 User:Z3415141 User:Z3415242
Group 4 Genital User:Z3415716 User:Z3416697 User:Z3417458 User:Z3417753
Group 5 Integumentary User:Z3417796 User:Z3417843 User:Z3418340 User:Z3418488
Group 6 Endocrine User:Z3418702 User:Z3418837 User:Z3418698 User:Z3414648
Group 7 Neural User:Z3418981 User:Z3419587 User:Z3422484 User:Z3374116
Group 8 Musculoskeletal User:Z3418779 User:Z3418718 User:Z3418989
Student Projects Fetal Development of a specific System.
2014 Course: Week 2 Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lab 1 | Week 3 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lab 2 | Week 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 Lab 3 | Week 5 Lecture 7 Lecture 8 Lab 4 | Week 6 Lecture 9 Lecture 10 Lab 5 | Week 7 Lecture 11 Lecture 12 Lab 6 | Week 8 Lecture 13 Lecture 14 Lab 7 | Week 9 Lecture 15 Lecture 16 Lab 8 | Week 10 Lecture 17 Lecture 18 Lab 9 | Week 11 Lecture 19 Lecture 20 Lab 10 | Week 12 Lecture 21 Lecture 22 Lab 11 | Week 13 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lab 12
Student Projects - Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Group 6 | Group 7 | Group 8 | Moodle

Lab Attendance

Lab2 --Z3374116 (talk) 11:17, 13 August 2014 [EST]

Lab3 --Z3374116 (talk) 11:06, 20 August 2014 (EST)

Lab4 --Z3374116 (talk) 11:10, 27 August 2014 (EST)

Lab5 --Z3374116 (talk) 11:17, 3 September 2014 (EST)

Lab6 --Z3374116 (talk) 11:32, 10 September 2014 (EST)

Lab7 --Z3374116 (talk) 12:08, 17 September 2014 (EST)

Lab8 --Z3374116 (talk) 11:29, 24 September 2014 (EST)

Lab9 (8/10/2014) --Z3374116 (talk) 12:41, 8 October 2014 (EST)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmeb

PubMed

PMID25084016

<pubmed>25084016</pubmed>

Lab Assessment 1 - Fertilization References

  1. Predictive factors in in vitro fertilization(IVF): a systematic review and meta-analysis
     *http://humupd.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/6/577.full.pdf+html

Article focused on acquiring data from previous case studies and research papers, collaborating data to determine the success rate of pregnancy prior In-vitro fertilization and certain factors which play a part in a successful pregnancy from the procedure.

Method

The articles which were used in the data pooling were eligible to be used if they evaluated the association between one or more of the pre-identified factors (listed below) and its effect on pregnancy after the use of IVF in an unselected patient group and were not considered if they reported on a specific patient group within the sub fertile IVF population or if no association was drawn between eh predictive factors and pregnancy or could not be determined. From the data the following factors were carefully analysed to determine if they play a part in the success rate of pregnancy post IVF; Age, Type of Infertility, Duration of Infertility, Basal Follicle stimulating hormones, Oocytes present, Fertilization method and Embryo Quality

Results

From the 14 studies that were used in the data pooling, it was found that ‘women aged 35 years or older had significantly lower pregnancy chances compared with women who were younger than 25’ (Loendersloot et al., 2010) as well as studies showing that women who were aged above 30, in comparison to those in their mid-twenties had a lower chance of pregnancy. Age was recognised as a ‘continuous variable’ throughout the studies which showed decreasing chances of a successful pregnancy as the patients age increases. Further studies showed the relationship between the amount of bFSH (Basal Follicle Stimulating Hormones) and pregnancy. In 2 case studies, it was revealed that pregnancy chances were higher post IVF in patients with a lower level of FSH in comparison to women with a higher level of FSH concentration. Oddity Rates confirmed that ‘increasing bFSH values were associated with lower pregnancy rates after IVF’ 3 of the studies determined the correlation of embryo quality to pregnancy after IVF. It also found that women with embryos with higher development stage and morphology scores had higher pregnancy chances compared to those which scored lower and also, embryos which showed delayed or appropriate development stages had lower pregnancy chances compared to women with advanced development stages.


--Mark Hill - There appears to be only a single article reviewed here? Your summary for this was correct and concise, though you have also not cited the reference correctly. (3/5).

Lab Assesment 2 - Uploading a Research Image

Immunofluroescent labelling of embryo for immunoreactive 5 - mehtylocytosine at different cell stages.png


Immunofluroescent labelling of embryo for Immunoreactive 5 - Methylocytosine

Lab Assessment 3 - Project Researching

Historical/Historic Finding for Neural Development

<pubmed>19339620</pubmed> <pubmed>17848161</pubmed> <pubmed>8005032</pubmed> <pubmed>9311417</pubmed> <pubmed>12768653</pubmed>

Lab Assesement 4

1. Identify a paper that uses cord stem cells therapeutically and write a brief (2-3 paragraph) description of the paper's findings.

<pubmed>23941289</pubmed>

This study researched on the safety and efficacy of the use of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A total of 172 patients who had been diagnosed with RA who were not recovering from use of traditional medication were chosen, then divided into two separate groups for different treatments, one group recieving disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) plus medium without UC-MSCs and DMARDs with UC-MSCs via intravenous injection. Serum levels of inflammatiry chemokines.cytokines were measured and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were analyzed. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 decreased after the first UC-MSCs treatment (P<0.05). The percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells of peripheral blood was increased (P<0.05). The treatment induced a significant remission of disease.

The therapeutic effects maintained for 3-6 months without continuous administration, correlating with the increased percentage of regulatory T cells of peripheral blood. Repeated infusion after this period can enhance the therapeutic efficacy. In comparison, there were no such benefits observed in control group of DMARDS plus medium without UC-MSCs. In conclusion, there were no benefits recorded in the control group who recieved DMARDS plus medium withouth US-MSCs, indicating that treatments with DMARDs plus US-MSCs provides a safe, significant and persistent clinical benefit for patients with RA.

2.There are a number of developmental vascular "shunts" present in the embryo, that are closed postnatally. Identify these shunts and their anatomical location.

3 developmental vascular ‘shunts’ are present in the embryo which are closed postnatally

1) Foramen Ovale

In the foetal stage, the Foramen Ovale is the opening in the inter-atrial septum which allows the blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. This opening closes at birth when lung gains function, the pulmonary pressure decreases and the left atrial pressure exceeds that of the right atrium, forcing the septum primum against the spectrum secundum closing the foramen ovale

2) Ductus Venosus

In the foetus, the ductus venosus shunts blood from the left umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava and therefore allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liverIt is critical in shunting oxygenated blood to the fetal brain. The remanent of the ductus venosus is found as ligamentum venosus attached to the left branch of the portal vein

Online photo submission for Group Project (Lab 8)

Arachnoid cyst with hydrocephalus.jpg

Arachnoid cyst with Hydrocephalus

Lab Assesment 7

1. Identify and write a brief description of the findings of a recent research paper on development of one of the endocrine organs covered in today's practical.

<pubmed>17986825</pubmed>

The journal focuses on the further understanding of genetic aetiology of some of the several forms of adrenal failures which can be present in childhood or infancy. Disorders which affect the adrenal development are termed 'adrenal hypoplasia'.

Conditions occuring in the adrenal glands are grouped into: 1) Secondary form of adrenal hypoplaisa due to panhypopituitarism / abnormality in ACTH synthesis 2) Adrenal hypoplasia as part of an ACTH resistance syndrome 3) Primary defects in the development of the adrenal gland itself

Adrenal hypoplasia is most commonly found occuring in X-linked form due to mutations in the nuclear receptor DAX1.

2. Identify the embryonic layers and tissues that contribute to the developing teeth.

Teeth develop from the ectoderm and the endoderm. Enamel of teeth develops from the ectoderm of the oral cavity whereas all other tissues come from the assosicated mesenchyme. Development of teeth is in continuous stages

1) Dental lamina and bud stage - early in week 6 as U-shaped thickenings of the oral epithelium

2) Cap Stage - Deep surface of ectodermal tooth bud is invaginated by mesenchyme called 'dental papilla' which gives off 'dentin'. Ectodermal cap covering the papilla is called 'enamel organ' as it produces the future enamel of teeth

3) Bell Stage - invagination of the enamel organ where the teeth forms the shape of a bell

Lab Assesment 8

Basic Timeline for Gential Development

Week 3-4: Migration of primordial germ cells during gastrulation

Week 4: Intermdiate mesoderm and pronephros primordium

Week 5: Mesonephros and mesonephric duct

Week6: Ureteric bud, metanephros and Genital ridge

Week 7: Cloacal division, gonadal primordium (indifferent to 1st appearance of testis cords)

Week 8: Paramesonephric duct, clear gonadal differentiation

The differentiation of gonads into testis or ovaries depends only on the chromosomes received from the parents, either the X chromosomes for females and Y chromosome for males. Expression of SRY protein encodes 204 amino acid protein, the transcription factors bind to specific sites of DNA and regulates the transcription of other genes.

In males, the SRY is expressed in the primordia of support cells which surround germ cells, transforming the support cells into much needed Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells instigate the germ cells and steroid secreting cells to undertake a male development pathway

In the male gonad, the paramesonephric dict degenerates due to the introduction of anti-mullerian hormone which is secreted by sertoli cells, mesonephric duct is maintained and differentiates under the influence of testosterone, they extend out of the gonad to form the ductus deferens

Bailey309.jpg Image representing certain persistent portions of mesonephros in the male